elahe gozali

Heart disease is a major public health concern with millions of reported deaths annually. Data mining techniques have received attention in recent years as a tool aiding diagnosis and prediction of heart disease cases. This systematic review examines the application of data mining methods to cardiac disease diagnosis in order to identify specific types of heart-related disease that are diagnosed using data mining techniques as well as the most successful data mining methods.

This study involved a systematic review of IEEE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and MEDLINE databases from 2008 until April 2023. Inclusion criteria were original papers that used data mining methods for heart disease diagnosis. Non-English papers, those without full text, studies conducted on animals, and other types of papers (conference abstracts and letters) were excluded from the study. All the retrieved references were then assessed by title and abstract according to PRISMA, after which full texts of relevant articles were analyzed. The final sample comprised of 47 articles.

Various classification methods have been utilized to diagnose heart-related disease using different mining tools, with genetic neural network data mining method having the highest accuracy among the studied techniques. Results show that predicting cardiac disease is the most commonly performed task. The demographic, bio-clinical, personal and exercise-related attributes, as well as other features used for classification were identified. The findings suggest that data mining methods hold great potential for detecting and preventing heart disease on both individual and population scales.

The study findings have implications for the prevention and treatment of cardiac disease, especially in high-risk individuals. Data mining methods can be widely applied to detect and prevent heart disease on a population scale, as well as supporting decisions for the most suitable treatment for individual patients to prevent death and reduce treatment costs.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health threat, which can be treated if diagnosed early, but unfortunately, many people with chronic diseases are not diagnosed until the final stages. Machine learning and its techniques can be very helpful in diagnosis. This study examines the factors affecting hepatitis C diagnosis using machine learning.

A total of 27 features were used with a dataset containing 1385 records of patients with different grades of HCV. The dataset was clean and preprocessed to ensure accuracy and consistency. To reduce the dimension of the dataset and determine the effective features three feature selection, Pearson Correlation, ANOVA, and Random Forest, were applied. Among all the algorithms, KNN, random forests, and Deep Neural Networks were selected to be utilized, and then their evaluation metrics, such as Accuracy and Recall. To create prediction models, fifteen features were selected for the mentioned machine learning algorithms.

Performance evaluation of these models based on accuracy showed that Deep Learning with Accuracy = 92.067 had the highest performance. KNN and Random Forest had almost the same performance after Deep Learning. This performance was achieved on dataset containing features that were selected by ANOVA feature selection.

Machine learning has been very effective in solving many challenges in the field of health. This study showed that using data-mining algorithms also can be useful for HCV diagnosing. The proposed model in this study can help physicians diagnose the degree of HCV at an affordable and with high accuracy.

Virtual Reality (VR) as a computer technology that simulating real environments and situations exploited in numerous healthcare areas such as chronic diseases. The significance of timely treatment and rehabilitation of patients with chronic conditions is high due to the long lasting nature of these conditions. This paper sought to perform a review of published works in the field of VR application in chronic conditions for treatment and rehabilitation purposes.

We searched the MEDLINE database through PubMed in April 2016 for retrieving published papers from January 2001 to December 2015. From 117 retrieved papers, 52had the inclusion criteria, and their full texts were accessible. Data were extracted from papers based on following items: the name of the first author, year of the study, applied VR methods, type of condition and disease, number of subjects that participated in the study, and finally the status of success and failure of VR application. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis.

Results of the reviewed investigations have been considered in two main categories including treatment oriented papers (n=38, 73%) while twenty of these papers have been conducted on phobias (53%); also, there are rehabilitation-oriented experiments (n=14, 27%) while thirteen of these papers have been performed on stroke. In 40 papers (77%), the VR technology application reported proper and in 11 papers (21%) the application of VR resulted in relatively proper outcomes and only there is a work (2%) with poor results for VR intervention.

VR technology has been increasingly used in recent years for treatment and rehabilitation purposes among patients affected by chronic conditions in order to motivate them for more successful management.

Tele pathology is one of the medical subdivisions that has opened a new approach in the telepathology, e specially to organize consultations. In this research, feasibility of Telepathology implementation in teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Science was studied. This study was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The study population was included 8 hospitals directors and administrator, 20 pathologists, and 8 informatics staffs, in four teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. A researcher constructed questionnaire was used for data collection. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by expert panel and using by Test – retest method confirmed its reliability. The data was collected and analyzed by SPSS software to prepare descriptive findings. The R esults showed that 65.6% of hospitals had hardware facilities. Procedures based on legal issues related to information security and privacy was 95.71%, while t here was no guideline for telemedicine and telepathology. I t could be concluded that in line with considrating the importance and benefits of telepathology, it is necessary to provide software requirements and hardware infrastructure. It should be noted that available properties also must be improved in terms of implementation of telepathology. Also, rules to support patients’ and staff’s rights should be developed for better implementation of such new technologies

Information technology can increase the quality of medical care and is a target for many of the pioneers in the development of clinical or medical information. Electronic medical record (EMR), one of such technologies, is a well-known and valuable system to access patient information in hospitals. Electronic medical records which are used for the purpose of providing basic health care are available through a network of computers. All units of the hospital such as examination room, conference room, emergency, patient care units, nursing stations, operating rooms, recovery units, laboratory, radiology, pharmacy and medical records should have access to it. Among its advantages are improved quality of care provided to patients, better organized information, improvement in the timeliness of the process, accuracy and completeness of documentation, patient access to electronic copies of records, prevention of medication errors and allergies, reduced medical errors, immediate access to information in different places, decision support technology and improvement in the process of doing. S urely the use of electronic medical records has created a new dimension to patient care and clinical practice and will provide a comprehensive system to support people in the community and enhance the quality of services provided to them.

Development of information and communication technology has led to enormous changes in different areas. Electronic medical records system is valuable to access patient data in hospitals. This study aimed to investigate and compare the educational hospitals of Uemia University of Medical Sciences in case of technical، organizational and legal to establish the system. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of 98 senior and central managers. In this study population census was used and the entire population were considered as the sample. A questionnaire was used for data collection، which included two sections in order to determine the level of research community awareness and to analyze the standards related requirements for the implementation of the system. Validity and reliability were assessed and the data was analyzed by SPSS. Sample awareness in 5 hospitals of this study was moderate. In terms of requirements، there was a significant difference between the means of Electronic Medical Records in terms of three variables between hospitals «D» and the rest of the hospitals. And no significant difference was seen among other hospitals. Three hospitals، «a»، «c» and «b»، among five studied hospitals are in preparation for the deployment of electronic medical records. Other two hospitals were not prepared. However، the implementation of electronic medical records، increases health care quality، patient safety and patient care and also decreases health costs. So it is suggested that hospitals do necessary efforts to establish EMR.

Development of information and communication technology led to enormous changes in different areas. In the health sector, the use of efficient information technology and information systems to achieve the goals of efficiency, effectiveness, service quality and patient satisfaction is an undeniable necessity. One of these technologies is electronic medical records system. This study aimed to investigate and compare the educational hospitals of Uemia University of Medical Sciences in case of organizational and to establish electronic medical records. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study that periodically was conducted in 2012. The study population consisted of 98 senior and central managers of hospitals. In this study population census was used and all of the population were considered as the sample. A questionnaire contains two sections was used for data collection. The first section was to determine level of awareness and the second section was to check the requirements related to organizational standards required for implementation of electronic medical records. Validity and reliability were assessed and the data was analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Of the five hospitals in the study, samples awareness in hospitals was assessed as moderate. In terms of organizational requirements, there was no significant difference between the mean of Electronic Medical Records between hospitals studied. Out of 5 hospitals, in terms of organizational standard requirement of EMR, the hospital «F», «A» and «C» is more prepared than hospitals «B» and «D» for the implementation of electronic medical records. However, the implementation of electronic medical records, increases health care quality, patient safety and patient care and also decreases health costs. So it is suggested that hospitals do necessary efforts to establish electronic medical records.