elaheh najafi

 In Isfahan, the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) has been used since January 2016 as part of the Iran’s Package of Essential Non-communicable Diseases (IraPEN) program for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. The test is recommended for people who are 50-70 years old. Then, those with positive results would be referred for colonoscopy. This study aims to describe the uptake of the program and its outcome.

 A retrospective observational study was performed by collecting data from Isfahan Vice-Chancellor for Health database for this study purpose. The number of participators, the number of positive FIT, and the number of detected polyps or cancers were determined.

 Between 2016 and 2019, the number of participants in the program reached 345 207 individuals (nearly 40% of the eligible population of 874 674). Totally, 21 264 participants (6.1%) had positive tests, of whom about 20% underwent the recommended colonoscopy with available reports, and 971 (24%) and 110 (3%) patients were diagnosed with polyps and CRC, respectively.

 Over four years of screening with FIT in Isfahan, 40% of the eligible population participated. Among those with positive FIT results, 20% underwent colonoscopy, and approximately 26% of these individuals were identified as having polyps or cancer. This study provides valuable insights into the uptake and outcomes of a population-based CRC screening program in Isfahan, Iran. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to increase participation rates and improve the detection of polyps and CRC cases.

Oral health is an important factor affecting quality of life. This research examined the correlates of demand for basic dental services among the Iranian households.

This research was a secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data in which the data extracted from National Survey of Iran’s Household Income and Expenditure Survey-2018 were analyzed. The study sample included 17548 eligible households from whole country. The logistic regression model was used to analyze demand for basic dental services. Three regression models were estimated.

The probability of demand for basic dental services was reduced as households’ heads were more educated, non-married or unemployed (p value < 0.05). The probabilities of demand for basic dental services were higher among households of higher income quintiles comparing to the first income quintile (p value < 0.05). Furthermore, the probability of demand for basic dental services was higher among those households with elderlies aged more than 70 years old or those households with children aged between 6-12 years old (p value < 0.05).

The possibility of demand forbasic dental services was correlated to demographic and economic factors as well as age component of household’s members. As a result, dental health policymakersshould pay attention to demographic and economic status and age status of population.

The number of rhinoplasty surgeries has increased dramatically in the past decades in Iran. Researchers have analyzed different affective variables considering this growth, but a less talked subject is the psychological role in this surgery’s applicants. This research was performed to investigate the effects of physical appearance perfectionism and unconditional self-acceptance and life quality on the prevalence of applying for rhinoplasty surgery.

  The study was performed using case-control method on 73 women asking for rhinoplasty with an age range of 20-35 years and 73 women not applying for rhinoplasty with the same age range as the control group. Both groups were selected from patients of five ENT doctor offices in Tehran. All candidates were analyzed using body dismorphic disorder scale proposed by Yale-Brown. Those with positive results were removed from the research. Both groups were evaluated using physical appearance perfectionism survey (PAPS), Unconditional self-acceptance query (USAQ), and short life quality form (SF-36).

The age of requesting group was 27.5 ± 5.2 years and the control group 26.9 ± 4.4 years. Both groups were similar in gender and education, economical, and social status. Scores of physical appearance perfectionism in case group was 8±6/38 and 9±2/33 in control group (P<0.01). There was a difference between Unconditional Self-acceptance query and life quality between the two groups (P<0.05).

It seems that physical appearance perfectionism, unconditional self-acceptance, and life quality have roles in demanding for rhinoplasty surgery.

In recent years, there has been a high concern on childhood disorders among experts and parents. A large number of therapeutic interventions were based on the direct interaction with the child's therapist. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) in reducing depression, anxiety and stress in children. This randomized clinical trial was conducted at Bijan Substance Abuse Treatment Center in Tehran, Iran, from December 15, 2013, to November 20, 2014. Fifty children (N=50, aged between 4 and 6 years, and M = 5.2 ± .38) who achieved scores above the cut-off point based on DASS-21 questionnaire, were selected and randomly divided into two experimental (n=25) and control (n=25) groups. Parent-child interaction therapy was performed in terms of the independent variable for ten 45-minute sessions. The data was analyzed using chi-square and MANCOVA model. Also, the qualitative data, which resulted from the demographic evaluations, was coded and analyzed by instrument of analyzing qualitative data, Atlas.ti, Version 5.2. The results showed that CPRT had significantly reduced depression, anxiety and stress in children (p

Anxiety is one of the most common disorders of childhood. The treatment Interaction therapy can be used for determining anxiety symptomsis . In line with this, the Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) has been successful in America as well as in some other countries. However, the application of this approach was more limited in Asia. The present study aimed at evaluating the extent of the effect of PCIT approach on child’s anxiety level according to mother’s anxiety index.
This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Bijan Center for Substance Abuse Treatment in Tehran, Iran, from December 1, 2013 to November 1, 2014. It involved parents referred to two addiction clinics for methadone maintenance treatment in regions of 7 and 9 in Tehran. A sample of 72 mothers and children (aged between 19 and 41 years with an average age of 29.4 years) were selected by convenient sampling method. According to the assumed cutting point score in anxiety index (response rate=94%), the subjects were assigned to two groups, i.e., control and experimental. Based on the three levels of mother’s anxiety, i.e., low, medium, and high levels (response rate=91%), the subjects were sub-divided into six groups. PCIT protocol was presented to experimental groups during the six weekly sessions. A pretest and a posttest (after 12 weeks of training) were administered to the participants. The analysis of data was done by two-way factorial variance analysis test (ANOVA), Scheffe Post-hoc test, and Chi-square using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
The results showed that PCIT has been effective in reducing the anxiety among children whose mothers had low anxiety level (P0.05). Confidence interval of scores of children’s anxiety in the group of mothers with low anxiety was 95%, which was estimated to be 6.94(3.68-10.19) in experimental group and 12.91 (9.59-16.22) in control group.
Implications of these protocols are discussed with regard to their unique potential to address the clinical needs of young children with internalizing problems. However, further research into the evaluation of PCIT using a randomized controlled trial is recommendable.

This paper classifies green envelopes as green roofs and green walls according to effective factors, which were derived from literature to compare the green envelopes’ thermal and energy performance in a more effective way. For this purpose, an extensive literature review was carried out by searching keywords in databases and studying related journal papers and articles. The research method for this study was bibliographic and logical reasoning. The paper proposes five classification factors: contextual factors, greenery factors, scale factors and surface and integration factors. It also demonstrates the influence of physical and geometrical properties of plants and their supporting structures on the thermal performance of green envelopes. The paper argues that climatic conditions also have an important role on the thermal behavior of green envelopes and it determines the types of greenery integration into building envelopes.