elaheh sadat ziaee

 Seeing as the active participation of faculty members in the development of world science depends highly on their language knowledge, the Deputy of Education of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences with the approach of developing academic interactions has implemented wide range of language instruction programs. This study endeavored to determine the views of faculty members on the English language instruction program, measuring the level of learning and examining opportunities and challenges through evaluation based on the Kirk Patrick model.

 The population of this cross-sectional descriptive study consisted of faculty members participating in English language instruction classes in the academic year 2020, who were included in the study by census during three semesters (72 individuals). The instrumentation was a questionnaire developed by the researchers to examine the views of the respondents, with authenticated validity and reliability. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and average comparison tests, Pearson, Spearman, and Paired t-test.

 Sixty-five questionnaires were analyzed. The average final score of the questionnaire is 87.94 out of 130. Suitability and useability of the course, interest in participating in subsequent program and recommending to other colleagues, and the importance of persuading the lecturer to learn English from the opportunities of the program and intensive and stressful course and interference with professors' classes or not having the opportunity to do homework It can be considered as one of the challenges of the course Besides, the scores evaluated by teacher after the English language instruction program led to significantly higher scores, which in turn indicated the applicability of the program.

 Faculty members had a high score of the language instruction program and the level of learning has increased. Obtaining the findings of this study and examining its opportunities, it is possible to elevate the English language instruction programs and greatly reduce its shortcomings.

Knowledge of the history and developments of a discipline paves the way for comprehension of what has happened before as well as understanding the contemporary phenomena and creating insight for the future; this way, it creates knowledge and leads to the creation and reconstruction of a discipline. Accordingly, understanding evolution from historical facet in nursing seems indispensable. Despite the fact that more than 50 years have passed since the establishment of schools and nursing education in Isfahan not much information is available and a very few studies have been done in this regard; in so doing, this study endeavors to examine the evolution of nursing education in Isfahan.

The is a qualitative research with historical survey that 12 in-depth interviews were conducted and 80 journals, booklets and old books, 350 historical and old photographs were examined. The codes obtained from the interviews as well as the items obtained from the texts were put together to develop the structure of the narrative, which shows the evolution of education in the nursing in Isfahan.

The obtained narratives were as follows: Higher School of Nursing from the years 1968 to 1976 and 1976 to 1982, educational complex of Isfahan belonging to the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the evolution of the Isfahan faculty of Nursing and Midwifery during and after the Islamic revolution.

Since nursing care and nursing education has grown rapidly in other countries, it seems that nursing education, especially in Isfahan as one of the metropolitan cities in Iran has many prospects in the future and can move towards promotion of professionalism and specialization.

Although chronic diseases are the most common and expensive health problems, they are preventable too. Nurses play a key role in the care of these patients. One of the important roles of nurses is consultation role. Due to the high impact of nurse consultant role on health promotion and also the fact that this role is not fully understood in Iran, this study aims at clarifying the role of nurse consultant.

This is a qualitative study with content analysis approach conducted through semi‑structured interviews in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from April to December 2017. A total of 35 participants (11 patients, 9 nurses, 6 faculty members, 4 postgraduate students, and 5 nursing managers) were included in the study. Sampling was done based on purposive sampling method, and participants were asked to express their opinions about nurse consultant.

In this article, we discussed the following three categories and seven subcategories: (1) nursing consultation as a treatment facilitator (nursing consultation as a way to reduce the treatment course, nursing consultation as a way to reduce complications, and nursing consultation as a way to reduce costs); (2) professional performance in nursing consultation (nursing consultation based on problem‑solving and evidence‑based practice and management and teamwork in nursing consultation); and (3) prerequisites for the nursing consultation role (supporting nurses and introducing the role in decision‑making units and creating demand).

Nursing consultation has an essential role in patient health promotion. Therefore, it is better that nurses and other health‑care team should be familiar with this vital role.

Nursing consultation is one of the important roles of nurses and is very effective in improving care results. But this role is unknown in Iran and there are no respective organizational positions. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting the position of this role. This study, as a qualitative research was conducted from April to December 2017 using content analysis approach. We performed semi‑structured in‑depth interviews with 23 participants who were selected using purposeful sampling and were asked to describe the factors affecting the organizational position of nurse consultant. The mean (standard deviation) age of the participants was 44.5 years (10.68). 279 meaning units, 39 codes, 6 subcategories and two categories were obtained in this essay. The two main categories include necessity for nursing consultation role with two subcategories (nursing consultation role as one of the main roles in nursing, and the need for nursing consultation in healthcare system in Iran), and the obstacles of nursing consultation role with four subcategories (healthcare system problems, problems associated with physicians, problems associated with nurses and problems associated with patients’ culture). Considering the importance of nursing consultation role in improving the health of the patients, the policymakers should take into account the consultant role of nurses and they should understand the importance of and the need for this role. As such, we hope that managers and policymakers create a role position by removing the obstacles and considering the necessity of this role.

Adherence to prescribed therapeutic regimen is an important element of self-care behaviors in cardiac patients. Awareness of disease may play an important role in patient adherence. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between awareness of the disease and adherence to therapeutic regimen among cardiac patients admitted to selected hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. Using a descriptive correlational design, 340 patients with heart disease were selected using convenience sampling from five hospitals in Mashhad during December 2009 to May 2010. Data were collected using three questionnaires including demographic information, awareness of disease and treatment adherence (including medication, diet and physical activity). Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were examined by content validity and test-retest, respectively. Also, inter-rater reliability was examined for two data raters. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, using Spearman and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The results showed that only 15 percent of the study subjects had a good awareness of their disease. The majority of patients followed a good medication adherence (79 %), good diet adherence (60%), and weak physical activity adherence (61%). A significant correlation was found between knowledge and adherence to therapeutic regimen (P=0.001, rp=0.32). This study showed that awareness of disease and adherence to physical activity was low in the majority of patients. It is recommended that studies should be conducted to explore effective educational programs and strategies to improve adherence to therapeutic regimen among cardiac patients.

One of the issues facing humanity and it is the death. The fundamental change is defined as death from medical community. And with regard to organ transplantation and its association with brain death, The main question is whether brain death as death is certain? The purpose of this study is the basis of brain death and medical education on this topic. This study is a literature review that was done by the books and databases such as Iranmedex, SID, Google Scholar. Advocates tell a soul, seizing body through higher cells of the brain, so that any damage to the brain cortex, between mind and body can cause a association to leave. On the other hand, opponents are expressed that In connection with matters of life and death should consider the safety policy. Since organ transplantation is a crucial role in saving lives as holy religious, has placed special consideration to life and human health as the most important imperatives, it can be said with proper understanding of man; privacy of research, education and human treatment will be determined and community health and human survival depends on this understanding. Also for medical staff and social awareness and positive attitudes toward organ donation, recommended training programs need to be considered in this regard.