فهرست مطالب elham ghasemi

The momentum of the new resurgent urbanism urgently needs to find new ways of designing in harmony with nature and culture due to spirituality. Insufficient attention to spiritual and moral principles, methods or teachings in urban development has exacerbated this issue .The research method of literature review is the systematic review. In order to refine the theoretical framework and draw a conceptual model, the Delphi method and semi-structured interviews with 51 professors of urban planning, architecture, Quran and hadith science, and 21 interviews with people have been used. Finally, literature review and interviews with professors are analyzed by the thematic analysis method to generate initial codes, review and define themes and finally draw the thematic network of data. The results show that the spiritual urban space is formed in a context that is based on religious or non-religious beliefs and each of these contexts leads to the formation of socio-cultural identity. These values and socio-cultural identity are the basis for the creation of spiritual urban spaces that have one of the elements of sacred or identity architecture in the physical dimensions, meaningful colors and materials and public art; In the visual dimensions, the sense of glory, unity, sacredness, humility, cultural landscape, sacred landscape and green landscape; In the perceptual dimensions of religious and cultural symbols and signs, the sacred sound landscape; In functional dimensions, sacred paths, sacred uses; In the natural dimensions of the environment, natural elements and environmental identity of the region; In socio-cultural dimensions, cultural identity, cultural and social events in a cohesive multicultural society; And in the dimension of time, the sense of time in historical contexts and religious-cultural uses are temporal. Perception and experience of such spaces have different effects on individuals, which include the person's optimal relationship with God, self, others and nature.

Patients’ preferences in breaking bad news to the patients may vary from one culture and society to another. This study aimed to determine patients' preferences for breaking bad news.

Methods & Materials: 

This scoping review study was conducted on the articles published in databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, Proquest, Embase, and Medline (PubMed) up to the end of December 2023. After removing the duplicate results. The titles and abstracts of the articles were reviewed to observe the probable connections with the review question, and the unrelated items were omitted. The original articles, which were published in English entered into the study. The articles that have reported patients’ preferences in emergency settings or parents’ preferences for breaking bad news, were excluded fromthe study. The textual data were extracted fromthe remaining articles and then analyzed using conventional content analysis.

Fifty-nine studies included in this review about the patients’ preferences were classified into four categories: “the right to know what is happening to them”, “receiving emotional support”, “participating in decision-making”, and “observing the requirements of giving the bad news to the patients”. Nonetheless, there were variations in patients' preferences among different backgrounds.

Given the influence of the patient’s background in breaking bad news, the existing solutions inWestern communities may not be practical or completely useful for Eastern. The results of this study can be used to observe patients’ preferences in breaking bad news fromdifferent backgrounds.

As a vulnerable group in HIV control programs, immigrants face various obstacles to HIV testing. Despite the effectiveness of peer interventions on health promotion in HIV testing, relatively little is known about how these interventions work. This realist review aims to understand why, how, and under what conditions peer interventions can improve immigrants’ HIV testing uptake.

We followed the steps suggested by Pawson and colleagues for conducting the realist review. To test a initial program theory, we first systematically searched databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane, as well as the websites of UNAIDS, World Bank, Global Fund, WHO, and IOM. After data extraction and quality appraisal, data synthesis was conducted to explain the intervention pathways corresponding to context-mechanism-outcome configurations.

Seventeen studies were included in the review. Peer interventions for improving immigrants’ HIV testing uptake worked through four pathways: Following the improvement of communications (as a proximal mechanism): 1) increasing awareness, 2) reduced stigma, 3) improved support, and 4) increased access to services could lead to improved HIV testing uptake among immigrants. The identified mechanisms were influenced by three groups of individual/ interpersonal, service delivery, and structural factors.

Peer interventions with multiple strategies to be designed and implemented considering the barriers to HIV testing and also moving beyond one-size-fits-all approaches can successfully improve the immigrants’ HIV testing uptake. The refined program theory in this study can help the healthcare providers and policy-makers promote the immigrants’ HIV testing uptake and reduce the risk of disease transmission.

In this paper, in order to simplify calculation of the distributed target response, a new model of distributed targets is presented using monostatic SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery. Distributed targets are strategic, because they are important in various fields, especially in military. Calculating the response of these targets is difficult due to the complexity of modelling and scattering data calculation. We solve this problem with replacing the scattered pixels with canonical shapes. Besides the simplicity, this model gives the response close to the real model. This model facilitates the target detection, target design, scattering data analysis, and distributed targets interpretation of radar viewing. In fact, one of the goals of this paper is to predict the scattering data of a scene. For this purpose, the scattering field of a real model is calculated and compared with the proposed model.

Having the necessary skills to deal with problems and challenges is one of the essential needs that should be taught to children early. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of storytelling on affective perspective-taking and social problem-solving among elementary school Girl students. This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with the control group.

This research was a semi-experimental design with two experimental and control groups, and the statistical population was all female students of the sixth grade of elementary school in Tehran, 30 of whom were selected from girls' elementary schools in Tehran using available sampling methods from Region 5. They were randomly divided into two groups experimental (15 people) and control (15 people). The measurement tool of this research was the Affective Perspective Taking  Questionnaire (APT) by Mohammadi and Amiri (2015) and the Revised Social Problem Solving Questionnaire (SPSI-R) by Dzorilla et al. (2002). The experimental group was trained in storytelling during 8 sessions of 50 minutes.

Univariate and multivariate covariance analysis tests were used to analyze the data. The results showed that storytelling has a significant effect on Affective perspective-taking and all subscales of Social problem-solving except the Impulsive/Reckless Style (P<0.05).

Story-telling is Effective in Improving Emotional Perspective-taking and Solving Social Problems of Female Students. Therefore, if teaching these skills at the elementary school level is done through story-telling, in addition to improving the students' relationship with each other, it will lead to a more appropriate handling of challenges and issues

 The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, characterized by a temperature increase in urban areas compared to their rural counterparts, presents considerable environmental challenges, impacting public health, urban energy systems, and city sustainability. This phenomenon, fueled by rapid urbanization and industrialization, exacerbates heatwaves, posing risks to public health. Understanding the UHI effect is essential for developing responsive urban planning strategies both spatially and institutionally. This study, centered on Isfahan, Iran, explores the correlation between UHI intensity and environmental factors, encompassing both built and natural attributes across five scenarios, including four seasons and one analyzing the ambient effect of the ZayandehRud river.

Theoretical Framework:

The UHI phenomenon involves complex interactions among various urban and environmental factors. The density of the built environment contributes to UHI exacerbation through heat storage and anthropogenic heat discharge. Air pollution, especially with greenhouse effects, directly influences heat-trapping and UHI formation. Conversely, green infrastructure and water bodies offer UHI mitigation through cooling effects. This study integrates theoretical basics from urban planning, climatology, and sustainable development for an analysis of how both natural and built elements correlate with UHI intensity in the Isfahan metropolitan area.

A mixed-method approach is adopted to address the multifaceted nature of Urban Heat Island (UHI) and its potentially correlated environmental factors. Land Surface Temperature (LST) data, crucial for delineating UHI, were extracted from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors onboard NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites, covering a decade from 2011 to 2021. This extended timeframe facilitates the exploration of UHI patterns across various seasons, examining specific impacts during both the flow and dry periods of the ZayandehRud river, as well as distinguishing LST differences between daytime and nighttime periods—unlike Landsat Satellite Images.Additionally, Landsat 8 images are utilized to process the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) for mapping green infrastructures and water bodies. Air Quality Index (AQI) data from the year 2020 supplements the study, allowing for an investigation into the relationship between air pollution and UHI. The analysis of all datasets employs the Pearson correlation coefficient to ascertain the nature and extent of correlation among UHI and the identified environmental variables.

The findings reveal the persistent prevalence of Urban Heat Island (UHI) during nighttime across all scenarios in Isfahan. However, during daytime hours, the trend shifts, giving rise to cooler zones within the city borders, indicating the emergence of urban cold islands. A noteworthy revelation from the study is the significant exacerbation of UHI attributed to the density of the urban built environment. Intriguingly, air pollution, though exerting a lesser impact on Land Surface Temperature (LST) compared to built density, still plays a role in elevating LST during daylight.The study underscores the pivotal role of urban green infrastructure and water bodies in mitigating heat islands. Among these elements, green spaces, particularly vegetation, emerge as highly influential, surpassing the cooling effects of both water bodies and polluted air. The seasonal variation in vegetation cover also influences UHI intensity, with reduced vegetative cover in colder, drier seasons contributing to heightened UHI effects. These spatial and temporal dynamics emphasize the intricate balance between UHI and environmental factors, offering valuable insights for decision-makers. Such insights can guide targeted strategies in urban planning and design to address the challenges posed by UHI.

The study emphasizes the importance of considering UHI in urban planning, design, and sustainability discussions. Strategies include reducing built density and integrating green and blue infrastructures. Addressing air quality and vegetation cover in shaping urban thermal landscapes suggests comprehensive policies. Guarding against UHI through natural space preservation and innovative design solutions tailored to Isfahan's climate can enhance urban livability. Future work should quantify contributions of different elements for comprehensive UHI mitigation models. This Isfahan case study serves as a cornerstone for wider applications across similar cities, aiding in combatting global warming and UHI effectively.

Hiding military equipment is one of the essential factors in establishing military superiority. Nowadays, most of the military devices, from night vision cameras to cameras mounted on military weapons, are equipped with infrared cameras. By using the temperature emitted from the objects, they can be identified in different situations, including absolute darkness. The multiple capabilities of these cameras in monitoring the other party's military capabilities have made camouflage technologies in this field more important, so that the development and research of new infrared camouflage methods and thermal cameras have become the focus of strategic development of countries around the world. This paper is a review paper in the field of infrared cameras, which is not similar in any other reference, and with a comprehensive view, while explaining the applications and principles of operation of infrared systems, it examines various methods of countermeasure with this type of camera. Also, at the end of the paper, a comprehensive classification of methods to countermeasure with this type of camera is presented.

The historical context of Isfahan in the Shahshahan neighborhood, in the vicinity of Isfahan Jame Mosque, has valuable historical elements that provide the possibility of culture-led regeneration in this area. Also, various religious and ritual cultural events, numerous handicraft workshops, and artists' presence in this field have given a unique structure to this context. However, the lack of a culture-led regeneration approach and physical approach to the restoration of historical buildings without taking into account the construction pattern of the entire structure and activity changes and the injection of new uses, the lack of consideration of the cultural and artistic values ​​of this area and the neglect of the requirements of the tourism industry have caused this. Historical context cannot attract tourists to the extent of its capabilities. Therefore, this research seeks to apply strategic studies to provide a network of interconnected tourism axes along historical elements and ritual and cultural poles in the Shahshahan neighborhood to transform it into a creative handicraft neighborhood as a target area for tourism development. This research is descriptive and exploratory based on the type of applied research, and in terms of method, it is among the qualitative research based on the research strategy. The research process was carried out to prepare the theoretical framework of creative tourism and culture-led regeneration. In the next stage, the studies related to the project "Redefining the Role of Tourism Target Neighborhoods in the Direction of Tourism Development" of the Shahshahan neighborhood were reviewed and based on the theoretical framework of research, analysis, and The goal achievement matrix was presented based on the regeneration components with creative tourism approach. Finally, the action plans were presented as a network map of creative tourism routes and a list of proposed projects in restoration, functional, urban space, and beautification projects. The results show that this neighborhood, with its many historical elements and buildings with architectural value, the activities of handicraft workshops and artists, and a variety of religious and ritual activities, has unique capabilities to become a creative neighborhood of handicrafts and a tourist destination of the historical context of Isfahan city. As Isfahan is a part of the network of creative cities in the field of handicrafts, the design of the network of tourism routes is an excellent opportunity to create a suitable space for presenting capacities, abilities, workshops, and handicraft works as creative industries in the order of experience-oriented touristic routes with a particular theme in this area.

In this paper, the Joule-Thomson (JT) adiabatic expansion isinvestigated for generalized Ayon-Beato-Garcia (ABG)\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,1.00}{regular} black hole. It has amagnetic charge which makes central region of the black holemetric to be AdS spacetime and so become non singular.\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,1.00}{Thus we not need to use anadditional cosmological parameter coming from ADS/CFTcorrespondence for production of pressure coordinate in the blackhole equation of state. Form this point of view our work is a newapproach versus to conventional methods which are addressed in thereferences of this paper. However we will see important behaviorof parameters of this modified ABG black hole on possibility ofbeing of JT adiabatic expansion.} This black hole is characterizedby five parameters including mass $m$, magnetic charge $q$, andthree \textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,1.00}{other} parameters related toform of used nonlinear electromagnetic interaction fields.\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,1.00}{Inversion points are in fact aparticular T-P curve at constant enthalpy and it separates coolingand heating phase of the modified AdS ABG black hole.}

The increase of galectin-3 and disturbance in the lipid profile are considered as risk factors for cardiac events in old age, and exercise has been proposed as a modulating solution to this situation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of multicomponent training elderly.

In this s Quasi -experimental study, 40 inactive overweight elderly men with an age range of 60 to 75 years were selected using a targeted and accessible sampling method and were randomly assigned to two training and control groups. Multicomponent training including aerobic (40 to 65% of maximum heart rate), resistance (5 to 8 pressure perception according to OMNI) and balance sections was performed for eight weeks (3 sessions per week).  Galectin-3 by ELISA method, lipid profile by enzymatic method and psychological well-being by Riff questionnaire were measured.  Data were measured using independent t-tests, analysis of covariance and Pearson correlation.

Eight weeks of multicomponent training caused a significant decrease in galectin-3 (P=0.01), TG (P=0.001), TC (P=0.01), LDL (P=0.001), WHR (P=0.01), fat percentage (P=0.01) and a significant increase in HDL (P=0.01) and psychological well-being (P=0.01). Also, there was a positive correlation between the psychological well-being score with HDL (P=0.01) and an inverse correlation with Galectin-3 (P=0.01) and LDL (P=0.03).

Multicomponent training seem to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cognitive disorders in the elderly by improving body composition and reducing galectin-3, fibrinogen, and blood lipids.

The coronavirus pandemic and the controlling measures have had disparate impacts on older adults’ physical, mental, and social health.

This study examined the psychological status, vitality, happiness, loneliness, and anxiety among active and inactive older men during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In this causal-comparative study, 400 men aged 60 - 75 were selected by convenience sampling. Subjects were assessed for cognitive status, vitality, happiness, loneliness, and coronavirus anxiety. Data were analyzed statistically using covariance and Pearson correlation coefficient tests.

There was a significant difference between active and inactive older adults regarding cognitive status, happiness, and vitality, such that the active older adults scored higher (P < 0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding coronavirus anxiety and loneliness, such that the inactive group scored higher in these two variables (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation between cognitive status and coronavirus anxiety in both active and inactive groups (P < 0.05).

An active lifestyle and physical activity in older adults are important factors in improving cognitive status and vitality and reducing anxiety, especially during the coronavirus outbreak. Therefore, engaging older adults in physical activities will elevate their mental health and cognitive status.

In the present study, the structural and magnetic characteristics of Fe-Co-Cr system, with 28 at. % of Cr content, during casting, solutioning and thermo-magnetic treatment has been investigated. Based on results, the formation of single α-phase solid solution in the Fe72-xCoxCr28 (10<xThe Co content had negligible effects on magnetic characteristics of Fe62Co10Cr28, Fe60Co12Cr28 and Fe58Co14Cr28 alloys. Fe72-xCoxCr28 (10<x with a constant Cr content of about 28 at. %, were outside the miscibility gap in the equilibrium phase diagram, and therefore TMT had no effect on the final magnetic properties.</x</x

 Increased inflammation and oxidative stress are the main causes of many common diseases of old age.

 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of combined training on inflammatory and oxidative markers and the general-social health of overweight older male adults.

 In this quasi-experimental study, 40 overweight older male adults with an age range of 60 - 75 years were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two training and control groups. The training program included aerobic, resistance, and balance training for eight weeks and three days a week. Study variables were measured 48 hours before and after the intervention. The statistical analysis of the data was done by two-way repeated measure analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05.

 After eight weeks of combined training, levels of TNF-α (P ≤ 0.01), hs-CRP (P ≤ 0.03), and MDA (P ≤ 0.01), the mass of fat (P ≤ 0.04) decreased, while the level of superoxide dismutase (P ≤ 0.01) and the score of social health (P ≤ 0.01) increased significantly.

 It seems that combined training in the elderly is a suitable option for modulating and regulating inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers and improving general social health.

One of the challenges of today's world is the crisis of spirituality, which occurred mainly due to the focus of modernism on materialism and consumerism. In the last twenty years, the ideas of thinkers about spiritual architecture and urbanism have started. The purpose of this research is to understand the dimensions of the quality of spirituality and measure it in some urban spaces of Isfahan.

A simple review method was used to review the literature, a Delphi method and a semi-structured interview with elites and an in-depth interview with citizens were used to identify the characteristics of spiritual urban spaces. Interviews analysis with thematic analysis.

The opinions of two groups of elites and citizens in order to rank 22 selected spaces of Isfahan city based on a Likert scale were analyzed using a questionnaire and Friedman's test to rank the perception of spirituality and variance analysis has been used to compare the perception of spirituality of different groups.

The results show that the spiritual urban space is formed in a context based on religious or non-religious beliefs and each of these contexts lead to the formation of social and cultural identity in the city. Such spaces have different effects on people, which include a good relationship with God, himself, others, and nature. Also, based on the scores of two groups of professors and citizens, Jame Mosque has the highest score and Hassan Abad Bazaar has the lowest score for the level of spirituality in the urban spaces of Isfahan.

Instead ofscalar-tensor gravitymodels which are applicable fordescription of cosmic inflation with unknown dark sector ofmatter/energy, at present tensethere are presented different alternativescalar-tensor-vector gravitieswhere meaningful dynamical vector fields can support cosmicinflation well without to use dark matter/energy concept. One ofthese gravity models was presented by Moffat whichits modified Schwarzschild black hole solution is used tostudy thermodynamic phase transition in presence of the AdS spacepressure in this article. To doso, we obtained an equation of state which asymptotically reachesto equation of state of ideal gas for large black holes but forsmall scale black holes we obtained a critical point at phasespace where the black hole can beexhibited with a phase transitionat processes ofisothermal andisobaric. By looking at diagrams of the Gibbs free energy and theheat capacity at constant pressure which are plotted versus thetemperature and the specific volume one can see an inflectionpoint which means that the phase transition issecond order type. In fact thereis small to large phase transition for the black hole which isequivalent to the Van der Waals liquid-gas phase transition inordinary thermodynamic systems. The phase transitionhappens below the critical pointin phase space when the gravitational charge of the black hole isequal to its mass.

Instead of the work cite{1} given by Glaven and Lin in which in according to the Lovelock theorem it is not applicable for all types of 4-dimensional curved spacetimes of Einstein Gauss Bonnet gravity, authors of the work cite{2} applied breakdown of diffeomorphism property to present a consistentEinstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity theory in 4-dimensions. In this work we use the latter model by adding an Ayon-Beato-Garcia type of nonlinear electromagnetic field Lagrangian density to study effects of Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant on the thermodynamic phase transition and Joule-Thomson adiabatic expansion of a 4-dimensional de Sitter/Anti de Sitter Gauss-Bonnet-Bardeen black hole. In fact we will see importance of parameters of this black hole namely the magnetic charge and the Gauss Bonnet coupling constant parameter on its heating-cooling phase transition. Physical importance of this type of black holes is non-singular property which they have and are applicable to study black hole structure of center of galaxies.

Physical activity as an educational tool has broad psychological-social goals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an aerobic training on bio-motor ability, aggression, anxiety and academic progress of high school female students during the corona pandemic.

In this semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, 40 overweight female students of the second secondary schools of Zabol city were cluster randomly selected and divided into two control and experimental groups. The training program was followed for 12 weeks with an intensity of 65-80% of maximum heart rate. Physical fitness factors, academic performance, aggression and anxiety were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The research findings were processed using paired t-tests and analysis of covariance.

After 12 weeks of training, the scores of academic performance, aerobic power, anaerobic power and the number of repetitions of muscular endurance increased significantly, and the score of aggression, anxiety and sprint time decreased significantly (p<0.05). The average changes of these indices were significantly different from the control group (p<0.05). 

Aerobic training can improve the physical and psychological health and academic progress of students in the days of Corona and quarantine.

Modernism has played an important role in the development of human life in technological dimensions, but its aterialistic view has made cities and urban spaces face basic challenges in social, cultural, environmental and spiritual fields. Therefore, paying attention to the quality of spirituality in the construction and measurement of urban spaces is an important step in dealing with these challenges. Therefore, the aim of this research is to understand the dimensions of the quality of spirituality in urban spaces and evaluate it in some urban spaces of Isfahan. In the qualitative part, the literature of the subject has been explained by a systematic review. In the quantitative part, the votes of two groups of elites (51 people) and citizens (400 people) in order to rank the perception of spirituality from 22 selected spaces of Isfahan city based on the Likert scale were analyzed using a questionnaire and using Friedman’s test to rank the perception of spirituality. One-way analysis of variance has been used to compare the perception of the sense of spirituality in the respondent group. According to the scores of two groups of elites and citizens, regarding the level of spirituality in the urban spaces of Isfahan, Jame Mosque scored the highest and Bazarche Hassan Abad scored the lowest. Also, among the types of space, “Cemetery” has received the highest score in terms of spirituality. Therefore, the two important cemetery of Isfahan, Takht Foulad Cemetery (the public tomb and the tomb of religious and cultural celebrities) and Golestan Shohada were selected as case study to conduct in-depth interviews with citizens (21 people) and the interviews were analyzed by thematic analysis. The results indicate that silence, solitude, peace, Islamic architecture of buildings and monuments, the integration of nature and natural elements with the tomb, the visibility of the sky and the vastness of the area; Also, the mental dimensions of the space, including the sense of remembrance, the sense of separation from the world, the connection with divine saints and religious elders are among the most important factors in creating spirituality in these cemetery.

Hypothyroidism is one of the thyroid disorders that increases the levels of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the vascular endothelium. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training and Nasturtium officinale consumption on the serum levels of hs-CRP and FABP4 in overweight subclinical hypothyroid patients.

This study is a single-blind randomized clinical trial that 40 people with overweight subclinical hypothyroidism with average age (30.50±6.41 year) and average weight (73.20±6.48 kg) were randomly divided into four groups: training, training + supplement, supplement and control. For 8 weeks, training and training + supplement groups followed the program of three sessions per week of high-intensity interval training and training + supplement and supplement groups followed the daily consumption of 500 mg of Nasturtium officinale extract supplement. Study variables were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The data were analyzed using paired t-tests, analysis of covariance and Tukey's post hoc analysis and using SPSS version 20 software at a significant level (P<0.05).

Eight weeks of high-intensity interval training and Nasturtium officinale supplement caused a significant decrease in hs-CRP and body mass index in training, training +supplement and supplement groups (P<0.05). While FABP4 was significantly decreased only in training groups (P<0.05).

It seems that intense interval training and Nasturtium officinale regulate energy metabolism and improve inflammation in overweight people with mild hypothyroidism.

Ever since the concept of functional foods was introduced and consumer awareness of the relationship between health and food consumption increased, there has been a rise in demand for super healthy foods. There is a considerable amount of dietary fiber in date seeds, which plays a key role in disease prevention. Iran is one of the top date producers in the world, and considering the nutritional value of this product, the application of date seed, as a byproduct of the date industry, in human and animal nutrition has attracted great interest.

In this study, date seed germ was prepared and compared with date seed in terms of antioxidant properties (Scavenging activity to DPPH radical, Total phenol determination), fiber, proteins, fats, and mineral salts.

The results showed an increase in antioxidant properties (Scavenging activity to DPPH radical, Total phenol determination), amount of fiber, protein, fat and minerals in date seed germ compared to date seed powder.

Therefore, both date seed powder and date seed germ can be used in food formulation as functional foods.

A successful response to the risk of human immunodefficiency virus (HIV) infection among immigrants requires improved access to HIV prevention, diagnosis, and treatment services. However, most immigrants face significant challenges in accessing HIV/AIDS services. The aim of this study was to explore the aspects influencing access to HIV/AIDS services among Afghan immigrants in Iran. This was a qualitative study using conventional content analysis that was conducted from June 2018 to April 2020 in Tehran, Iran. Purposeful sampling method was performed. We conducted 25 semi-structured interviews with three groups of stakeholders including Afghan immigrants infected with or at risk of HIV (n=8), service providers (n=8), and policymakers/managers/experts (n=9). Inductive qualitative content analysis was applied according to the Granheim and Lundman method. Data were analyzed using Open Code software version 4.03. Aspects influencing access to HIV/AIDS health services were categorized into 3 themes (that were extracted from 9 categories): 1. Cultural aspects (cultural similarities and differences, values and beliefs); 2. Psychosocial aspects (social support, stigma and discrimination); and 3. Service delivery related aspects (awareness, health services coverage and integrity, health services financing, accessibility, and continuity of care). The findings suggest that efforts to improve Afghan immigrants’ access to HIV/AIDS health services in Iran need to consider the cultural aspects, increasing HIV awareness, providing support, reducing stigma and discrimination, and improving health services coverage, integrity, financing, and continuity of accessible services.

Ever since the concept of functional foods was introduced and consumer awareness of the relationship between health and food consumption increased, there has been a rise in demand for super healthy foods. There is a considerable amount of dietary fiber in date seeds, which plays a key role in disease prevention. Iran is one of the top date producers in the world, and considering the nutritional value of this product, the application of date seed, as a byproduct of the date industry, in human and animal nutrition has attracted great interest.

In this study, date seed germ was prepared and compared with date seed in terms of antioxidant properties (Scavenging activity to DPPH radical, Total phenol determination), fiber, proteins, fats, and mineral salts.

The results showed an increase in antioxidant properties (Scavenging activity to DPPH radical, Total phenol determination), amount of fiber, protein, fat and minerals in date seed germ compared to date seed powder.

Therefore, both date seed powder and date seed germ can be used in food formulation as functional foods.

An imbalance in the production of PGC-1α and myokines impairs the energy expenditure, increases adipocyte and develops metabolic pathologies, but physical exercise is able to regulate the secretion of myokines through PGC-1α. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training vs. continuous training on serum Irisin levels and expression of skeletal muscle PGC-1α gene in male rats with metabolic syndrome 32 Wistar male rats, with six weeks’ age and weight 150-180 gr, randomly divided into two groups including standard diet (n=8) and high fat diet (n=24). They were then placed on a pre-exercise diet for 12 weeks. 24 rats from high fat diet group were divided randomly into two groups including metabolic syndrome control (Ctr+MS), continuous running (CT-MS) and Interval running (IT-MS). Continuous and interval training for eight weeks were performed on 65-75 and 80-100% of the maximum speed on the treadmill for mice, respectively. The ELISA method for measuring serum Irisin levels and real-time PCR method for expression of PGC-1α gene were used. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's post-hoc test and Pearson correlation at P < 0.05 level. After eight weeks of interval and continuous training, PGC-1α expression (P = 0.01 and P= 0.001) and serum levels of Irisin (P = 0.01 and P= 0.001) increased compared to the metabolic syndrome control group, and this increase was more evident in the interval group than the continuous group (P = 0.001). Muscle expression of PGC-1α was also positively correlated with serum Irisin levels in mice (P = 0.001, r = 0.8). It seems that the use of interval exercises can increase the expression of PGC-1α gene and Irisin as much as continuous exercise and possibly improve metabolic disorders in people with metabolic syndrome.

In this letter we choose generalized Ayon Beato Gracia (ABG)magnetic charged black hole with five parameters to investigatepossibility of thermodynamic phase transition and coexistence ofdifferent gass/liquid/solid phases of this black hole. In factthis work is an extension of our recently work where ABG blackhole with three parameters was used to seek the phase transition.In this work we obtain other physical values on the parameterswith respect to our previous work where the phase transition ishappened together with coexistence point of different phases inthe phase space.

One of the main solutions to deal with climate change and its resulting crises in cities is urban resilience. Resilience refers to the ability of any urban system to withstand and recover quickly from multiple shocks and pressures and to continue to provide services. A resilient city is a city that is ready to rebuild the damage caused by any crisis, such as climate change, while maintaining its basic functions, structures and identity, as well as adapting and progressing against constant change. This issue has found a special place in various researches and international documents, and since Iran is exposed to many climatic challenges, the necessity of such researches is fe lt more than ever. In this research, the main question is how climatic resilience is formed in the city and how its dimensions, especially physical resilience, should be evaluated. Considering that Isfahan is exposed to climate change and based on different scenarios, wide changes in temperature and rainfall of this city are predicted for the coming decades, the present study has been designed and carried out to evaluate the physical resilience of urban neighborhoods to climate change through the case study of Naqshe Jahan Neighborhood in Isfahan. The first step was to study the theoretical framework of urban resilience and extract the in dicators of physical resilience. Then data collection was performed by methods such as documentary studies, interviews and observation and the data obtained were analyzed by GIS and SPSS software. Finally, the level of climate resilience was evaluated and analyzed in five categories of environmental- physical, urban structure, resistance and compatibility, density and access to services. In Naqshe Jahan District, the final score indicates that physical resilience to climate change is moderate. Therefore, strategies were proposed to improve it.