فهرست مطالب elham kazemi

With the expansion and popularity of social networks among people, special attention has been focused on the activities, reactions, and feelings of people in these networks compared to other circles. Analyzing this volume of unstructured textual information of users requires new and optimal methods of text mining and natural language processing. The purpose of sentiment analysis is to examine a large volume of opinions about an entity by the machine and provide a summarized report of the sentiment expressed in it to the user. To achieve this goal, statistical techniques, data mining, and natural language processing are used. In this article, a new method based on Archimedes' optimization algorithm is presented so that users' opinions can be obtained in less time and with higher accuracy. Also, in order to eliminate one of the main challenges in sentiment analysis, in the feature extraction phase, all ironic sentences are collected and entered into the collection as sentences with a specific class, in order to eliminate this big challenge. This method can be applied to different languages and tries to increase the accuracy and speed of previous algorithms. The evaluation results of the data set show that the proposed method has an accuracy of 0.967.

Iran is in the period of transition from tradition to modernity. This shift is evident in the universities of this country, particularly the architecture faculties, which are one step ahead  in embracing modernity. Especially in the art faculties, where there is more freedom of action and there is an attempt to imitate the education of modern and sometimes post-modern societies. However, due to lack of necessary infrastructure for education in these societies, there are many problems. For example, the academic architecture education in Iran and America, which are the subject of the current article, were modeled after the architecture of the French University of Boraz, but the same method is used in the universities of Iran, with a slight change to the approved curriculum. The Ministry of Science has overseen the transformation of the term system into a workshop and vice versa. This change has involved scattered and repetitive experiences, disconnected from cultural and social characteristics, which have continued until now. However, in architecture school of Western countries, especially in the America, due to the societal progress and the post-modern era, the educational process of Bouzar University in France, which had a professor-centered education, has been abandoned and learning environment that relies on cooperation and learning from peers have been replaced, which requires flexible spaces and appropriate teaching methods. Architecture teaching and learning has gained a lot of attention in recent years. Combining architectural education with learning theories and their characteristics helps purposeful education and its improvement. This research aims to study the experience of architectural education in the two countries of Iran and America based on three Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Constructivism theories. The method used in this research is qualitative and phenomenological and is based on the purposeful sampling of eight professors of universities in Iran and America. The findings of this research have been shown in the form of two explanatory codes (academic education experience and academic environment experience) obtained by extraction from 115 descriptive codes, 12 interpretive sub-codes, and 6 interpretive codes. The findings indicate that architectural education in Iran is moving from the characteristics of behaviorism theory to cognitivism and architecture education in America is moving from the characteristics of cognitivism theory to constructivism. The experiences of the participants in this interview indicated that there is an obvious difference between the architectural education of Iran and America as developing and developed countries. The most fundamental differences are existence of a professor-oriented educational system, with centrist and general topics, determining role of professors and the role of inclusiveness, insufficient equipment and technology in Iranian universities. In contrast, the universities of America feature a student-oriented educational system, with regional and practical topics, the role of professors as facilitators, students as creators of knowledge, being equipped with technology and advanced equipment. Finally, solutions have been proposed to overcome the current problems of architecture education in Iran.

In this review, we will discuss the neuroimaging findings of patients with COVID-19 from the outbreak (late December 2019) to the end of October 2021. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, ProQuest, Web of Science and the World Health Organization database (January 01, 2020, to October 30, 2021) were searched for related published articles. In each of the databases, the appendix search strategies were performed and the below keywords were used: COVID-19”OR“coronavirus disease 2019” AND “brain MRI” OR “brain magnetic resonance imaging” OR “brain CT” OR “neuroimaging”. In total, neuroimaging findings of 1550 patients, with ages from 1-96 years, were analyzed. Most brain neuroimaging findings include hyperintensity, Cerebral venous thrombosis, intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage, infarction, leukoencephalopathy, acute ischemic strokes and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in adult patients and severe encephalopathy, stroke, infarction, CNS infection/demyelination, neuritis or polyradiculitis, venous thrombosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and longitudinally extensive myelitis, and myositis in pediatric patients. Our findings showed that the most important complication of the coronavirus is not just respiratory complications, because although transiently, COVID-19-related brain complications are seen in pediatrics as well as adults, and families should pay more attention to health care.

Oral candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection of the oral mucosa with Candida spp. Candida species form a biofilm in patients who need orthodontics with removable plaque, and this structure can lead to Candidemia. It is important to find effective plant compounds, which have fewerside effects and are natural, to prevent biofilm formation. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of adding Thymus vulgaris and Cinnamomum verum essential oils to self- cure acrylic blocks on Candida albicans colonization.

In this experimental study, the antifungal activity of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris, Cinnamomum verum and nystatin against of Candida albicans ATCC10231 was evaluated in order to determine MIC according to CLSI-M27S4 guidelines. Powder and monomer were poured into tablet molds to make self-cure acrylic plaques. A total of 144 self- cure acrylic plaques were divided into 24 groups of 6 in petri dish. Three groups contained powder and monomer, three groups contained nystatin drug, and 18 groups contained different concentrations of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris and Cinnamomum verum. Then, the samples were incubated in artificial saliva enriched, with Candida albicans at 37°C and the effects of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris and Cinnamomum verum on the binding of Candida albicans were reported by the cfu/ml count method. Statistical analysis of data was done using Stata-15 software. ANOVA and Tukey's test were used to confirm the results.

The evaluating the sensitivity of Candida albicans ATCC10231 to essential oils of Thymus vulgaris, Cinnamomum verum and Nystatin were obtained as MIC= 120µg/ml, MIC= 340µg/ml and MIC= 1µg/ml, respectively. The attachment of yeast cells to self- cure acrylic blocks for Cinnamomum verum essential oil was significant in MIC= 340 µg/ml (p= 0.02), MIC= 680 µg/ml (p= 0.01) and nystatin 1 µg/ml (p= 0.00) compared to the negative control group. However, this amount was not statistically significant for Thymus vulgaris essential oil        (p= 0.14).

Adding essential oil of Cinnamomum verum to acrylic resin prosthesis can be effective in controlling the proliferation of Candida albicans on the surface of the prosthesis. However, its effects on the physical properties of acrylic resin dentures need further studies.

Critical discourse analysis is one of the new language tools used to investigate the hidden relationship between language and ideology in society. And it shows the moral and ideological values ​​hidden in the critical discourse. The present article aims to analyze the novel "Ahdab Baghdad" by the contemporary Iraqi novelist Riyad al-Qazi, relying on the descriptive-analytical method and based on Farklough's theory of critical discourse analysis, which is based on the proposition that: "Critical discourse as a tool for analysis social and cultural changes in three levels of description, interpretation and expression". Riyad al-Qadi has been able to provide the reader with a clear and transparent image of the Iraqi society by using narrative tools. One of the most important achievements and results of this research, which was conducted with a descriptive analytical method, is that in the Iraqi society, the discourse of power represented by the American occupiers and Iraqi autocrats has imposed its voice and ideology on the discourse of the society. And this has led to the spread of political, social and moral corruption, and the prevalence of embezzlement, theft, kidnapping, assassination, murder, smuggling, discrimination, cruelty, betrayal, family disintegration, etc.

In order to investigate the effect of humic acid on growth characteristics of tomato under deficit irrigation conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted in a CRB design with three replications. Factors included irrigation at field capacity (FC), irrigation in half of the field capacity (1/2FC) and irrigation in two-thirds field capacity (2/3FC) and three levels of humic acid (0, 1000 and 2000 mg/L) was applied. The results showed that chlorophyll index, relative water content of leaf, shoot weight, root dry and fresh weight, photosynthesis, total fruit and fruit weight decreased with irrigation reduction. The level of ion leakage, fruit TSS and percentage of fruit rot in low irrigation treatments showed a significant increase compared to control.The lowest shoot loss was observed in the treatment of 2000 ppm × 2/3FC humic acid at 10% relative to control. Root weights in the 2000 ppm humic acid treatment decreased at all irrigation levels and dry weight without using humic acid decreased in both irrigation treatments. Fresh weight of fruits decreased by 1/2FC and 2000 ppm of humic acid, and the dry weight of fruit was decreased in 1/2FC and all humic acid levels. RWC of leaves decreased with reduction of irrigation in all humic acid treatments compared to FC and ion leakage increased. The number of green fruits decreased by 1/2FC with zero and 2000ppm humicacid.The number of fruit with the blossom end rot in 1/2FC treatment increased in all humic acid concentrations and was lower in other treatments.

Quality education and accurate understanding of the course of architectural design and urban planning, which is in fact a means to acquaint civil engineering students with the field of architecture and also to eliminate the deep gap between the two disciplines, is necessary. The purpose is to evaluate the quality of education of the mentioned course for undergraduate students of the faculty of civil engineering. The employed investigation method is qualitative-Analytical and applicable.  The statistical society is comprised of whole students, which passed architecture design and urban development lesson in B.A degree of civil engineering in Tabriz University. The achieved results demonstrated that the quality of education was 24.44% weak, 67.77% moderate, and 7.77% high. The investigated parameters in educational point of view were mostly relatively undesirable and in configuration point of view were relatively desirable. Finally, suggestions have been made to improve the quality of education in this course.

The purpose of this study is comparison of construction violations in collecting streets with local streets in District 10 of Tabriz Municipality as worn texture. The used method in this study is description-field investigation. The buildings were studied and photographed in the field, and with the help of relevant organizations, the identity cards of each building (80 on the collector street and 25 on the local street) were extracted by studying their files.The buildings were further classified into four distinct groups including buildings with authorized constructions, building with authorized constructions with attention to the 100th act of municipality, buildings with authorized constructions with slight correction in their permissions, and the buildings with unauthorized constructions. The results show that in both collecting and local streets, respectively, 23.5% and 20% of buildings have authorized construction, 27.5% and 36% have unauthorized construction, 47.5% and 36% have constructions with attention to the 100th act of municipality, 1.25% and 8% commissions have constructions with slight correction in their permissions. In order to overcome these problems, it is necessary to correct the structure of economy, and ceasing the laws in 100th act of municipality, in which financial penalization do matter the most. Furthermore, reviewing and updating the laws, in particular, the detailed implementation of urban planning plans, including a detailed plan and no change of residential to commercial use, and monitoring the non-change of residential use to the parking lot, reducing the time to obtain a permit and enforcing it on local street is emphasized.

Chemolithotrophs are specific bacteria that utilize inorganic compounds as their energy source. These bacteria as the main source of organic molecules have more advantages in various sciences. Unlike phototrophic and organotrophic bacteria which generate their energy via the fascination of sunlight or oxidation of complex organic molecules, chemolithotrophic bacteria can exploit unconventional sources of energy, including various industrial wastes. Therefore, chemolithotroph bacteria play a key role in the remediation of micropollutants such as synthetic hormones, pharmaceutical residues, and sanitary wastes. In addition, secondary metabolites including organic acids, enzymes, and antibiotics derived from these bacteria can be used as pharmaceutical compounds. It seems that the discovery and study of the novel chemolithotrophic bacteria and investigation of their features can be helpful in medical and pharmaceutical sciences. Accordingly, it was attempted to present a comprehensive review on chemolithotrophic microbes, their energy sources, and their applications.

The philosophy of openings, including doors and windows, and their formation process is very sophisticated. These elements are considered important aspects of the history and aesthetic values of the buildings. The architecture of these areas is of remarkable interest in sentimentality, structure, geometry, design principles, scale, decoration, consistency, etc. However, further investigations are required to recognize these valuable elements for future research and the progress of the studies and efforts. In recent years, the salesmen admit that the opening areas in Amir Arsan complex have been changed tremendously. In addition, the performance of these areas has also been transformed. The high-quality wood materials used to reconstruct opening areas have been recently replaced with metal frames. There, the openings do not seem compatible with the whole environment anymore. In some cases, the openings have been projected from the building, blocking the passages and deteriorating the building legibility. Moreover, the new decorations in the openings are not related to Bazar’s architecture, and the initial architectural precise details of Bazar have been lost. Most of the opening inscriptions that were added to the stores in the form of Azari Kalil vaults have been destroyed now, and only a few have remained. The aforementioned variations indicate the loss of originality in these valuable places. The continuation of this miss-performance may cause severe damages and destroy the identity of these areas.

The present study was performed via field research, documentology of the existing literature, and the use of questionnaires analyzed on a Likert scale. This study is comprised of two questionnaires that are based on the researcher’s investigations. An evaluated statistical society has been chosen randomly. The statistical population in the first questionnaire is composed of 30 passersby and 30 salesmen. The error coefficient was measured as 5% using the Cochran equation. The second questionnaire was distributed among 20 experts. In the first questionnaire, the quality of openings has been investigated based on three parameters, including performance, appearance, and identity. The obtained data were further analyzed with SPSS software, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to measure the normal distribution of the scores for the studied parameters. In order to compare the three aforementioned parameters for two sub-groups, including the passersby and the salesmen, a one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was utilized. The second questionnaire was based on location and compared the quality factors in two groups of design principles and architectural principles in seven locations.

A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized in the first questionnaire to help the two groups of salesmen and passersby evaluate the parameter of “performance” and its sub-factors. According to the results, the salesmen liked the parameter of “performance” (in the design of openings) more than the passersby; their average score values were 33.77 and 28.48, respectively. In the “energy” sub-factor, the passersby were more in agreement (9.84 average) than the salesmen (9.53). The sub-factors of “accessibility” and “strength” were scored 12.09 and 10.92 by the salesmen, which was more than the average score scored by the passersby (8.40 and 10.59). The obtained results in the “form” parameter suggest average value scores of 30.16 and 28.79 for the salesmen and passersby. In the case of sub-factors related to “entrance openings” and “main space”, the salesmen scored higher (9.78 and 12.57) than the passersby (8.34 and 11.50). Eventually, in the case of the third parameter, “the connection of the two openings entrances and main space”, the passersby admired the openings in these spaces more than salesmen, and their average scores were 8.78 and 7.76. The parameter of “identity” was the last investigated one, which was comprised of two “history” and “ecology” sub-factors. In the case of these two sub-factors, passersby scored 27, 18.37, and 8.88, which were more than the values scored by salesmen (25, 16.25, and 8.53). In the second questionnaire, concerning the quality of openings from the experts’ viewpoints, the obtained scores in the seven investigated locations (ranged from 19 to 109) indicate three weak (19-49), medium (50-79), and good (80-109) scales. Overall, the quality of openings in Amir Yard, the north Amir Timcheh, and south Amir Timcheh, Amir Rasteh (alley), east Dalan (corridor), west Dalan, and southeast Dalan was scored 55, 57, 56, 51, 54, 53, and 45, respectively. These scores were finally evaluated as weak.

The results reveal that there are 12 kinds of openings with inscriptions and 7 kinds of openings with coloring patterns in this Arsan. The average numeric values of the opening quality are scored 65 and 71 by salesmen and passersby from a total score of 115; they are indicated as low values. The quality of openings scored from 31 to 151 in three different rates (poor: 31-71, medium: 72-111, and good: 112-151). The quality of openings was scored in three rated from 19 to 109 according to expert’s opinion (poor: 19-49, medium: 50-79, and good: 80-109). As a result, the quality of openings in Amir yard, north Timcheh, south Timcheh, Amir Rasteh (alley), east Dalan (corridor), west Dalan, and southeast Dalan was scored 55, 57, 56, 51, 54, 53, and 45 respectively, which can be evaluated as medium scores. The quality of designing principles for openings in north Timcheh had the highest score, and the other places such as east Dalan, south Timcheh, Amir yard, west and east Dalans were rated differently. The quality of architectural principles had the highest score in south Timcheh, and the lower scores were related to the Yard, north Timcheh, east and west Dalan, Amir Rasteh, and southeast Dalan, respectively. The weakness areas of the openings are related to the lack of identity in the openings, ignoring the effect of color in the reconstruction of openings, narrow openings in Amir yard, the inconsistency of the yard openings due to different opening heights (the height of window surface to yard surface), visual distortions, and various changes in southeast Dalan. Consequently, paying attention to the parameters with low scores and proposing different solutions for improving the opening quality is necessary. It is also essential to enhance the existing potentials such as traditional and historical structural forms that are compatible with the environmental aspects.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the value of using Islamic-Iranian cultural indices to design practices in lessons of architecture design introduction. For this reason, college of fine arts in Tehran University was selected as case study. The method of investigation was descriptive-analytical via taking photographs from courses held in ateliers, 5 and 6. This study was an applicable study in the terms of results. The statistical society was comprised of 44 teachers of architecture in Tehran and Tabriz universities, which was collected by random sampling method. The questions were categorized into three concepts of geometry, innovation, form and space and each concept was comprised of Islamic-Iranian architectural parameters. In order to investigate the content of questionnaires, CVR (content validity ration) was applied among 10 specialists and their stability was determined as 0.88 by Cronbach's alpha. The analysis was performed via descriptive methods of statistics and conclusive statistics in SPSS software. The acquired results demonstrated that Islamic-Iranian cultural indices were evaluated as weak (4.54%), medium (86.36%), and strong (9.1%). Based on detachments, Islamic-Iranian indices have been followed in architecture design intro, 3 with average of 64.94 and this parameter was followed in architecture design intro, 2 and 1 with average values of 49.05 and 39.26 respectively. Eventually, it can be concluded that a little variation by teachers in designing practices and including low score parameters to each of the three lessons could provide appropriate practices based on Islamic-Iranian cultures.

In order to evaluat the effect of nano-fertilizers on yield and yield component of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.Moench) Payam cultivar, (And comparing this effect with the common chemical fertilizers of the area that are used in high quantities annually, with the aim of preventing the excessive use of these fertilizers and replacing them with the nanofertilizers) under different water stress an experiment was conducted as split plots arranged in randomized complete blocks design with four replications at Sistan region during summer 2017 and 2018 .The experiment was conducted as split plot design in randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Main plots were three levels of water stress (water stress before flowering, after flowering and without stress) and sub plots were (micro nano-fertilizers, macro nano-fertilizers, micro nano-fertilizers + macro nano-fertilizers, chemical fertilizers and control). Sorghum properties were significantly affected by stresses and fertilizers. Results showed that the interaction between water stress,nano fertilizers and chemical fertilizers in leaves number,stem diameter,panicle lengh,grain yield,panicle weight,weight of thousand seeds weight, flag leaf area and biological yield were significant. The highest biological and grain yields was achieved at normal irrigation + chemical fertilizers and normal irrigation + micro and macro nano-fertilizers, respectively. Overall, the application of nano-fertilizers with a concentration of 2 grams per liter of water can be recommended for more environmental protection.

City is the most important habitat for the man and the greatest cradle of civilization. Due to this fact, studying this phenomenon is of paramount importance. The problem today is that in the contemporary society many of Islamic traditions have been neglected. The impact of religious values on the construction of city spaces is of even greater importance. Cities are created according to ideologies and worldviews and the most sublime example of space occupation is Islamic beliefs and values. The mosque in an Islamic city, for instance, has been a site of political, nonmilitary, legal and economic gatherings. Nowadays, some religious rituals and ceremonies are held in spaces other than mosques and due to the paucity of favorable and appropriate space in the cities, streets and roads are occupied and traffic problems created. 200 students participated in this study and a close-ended questionnaire with a rating scale of 5 was used to gather data.  In this article I have tried to emphasize the necessity of holding religious rituals out of mosque space, and suggest and provide the procedures needed for the definition and formation of appropriate spaces for the aforementioned rituals and ceremonies.

At the beginning of the third millennium, global politics has a greater focus on social dimensions and components. In the same vein, the upstream documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran, such as the 1404 Prospectus Document and the Five-Year Development Plans, have paid more attention to the concepts of social development and the improvement of its position. The purpose of this study is “to identify the position of social development in the fourth and fifth development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran". This research is of descriptive and content analysis type. The statistical population of the study is the text of the fourth and fifth plans of economic, social, and cultural-political development of the Islamic Republic of Iran presented in 31 provinces of the country. The unit of observation is the articles, sections, and clauses of the plans, whose contents are inferred. In this research, content analysis forms are categorized into seven categories that are extracted from the relevant data in the context of the plans, including seven main categories and 44 sub categories: economic justice (4components), social justice (4components), social capital (5components), social welfare (19components), sustainability (3components), social development ethics (4components), and social security (5components). The findings of the research show that the number of social development components in the fifth plan has decreased by 8% compared to the fourth plan. Therefore, based on the findings, it can be stated that in the fourth plan, more attention has been paid to the components of social development than the fifth plan. Therefore, the dimensions and components of family health and stability, youth status, literacy of the general population, promotion of mental health, prevention of addiction, and social capital in the five development plans of the country have not been adequately adapted to the needs, requirements, vulnerabilities and necessities of Iranian society.

In this study, a periodic zigzag channel with rectangular cross-section has been used in order to obtain a high-efficiency system for cooling a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. An appropriate function of fuel cells and enhancement of their lifetime require uniform temperature conditions of around 80°C. On the other hand, due to volume and weight constraints, a low-density compact heat exchanger is required, where the coolant fluid is water and the flow regime is laminar with a Reynolds number of 200. In order to consider these problems and increase the heat transfer rate under these conditions, a three-dimensional periodic zigzag channel is employed and the results are compared with the results which have been obtained for the straight channel. The results indicate that the zigzag channel generates chaotic advection and provides a good mixture of the hot fluid adjacent to the wall and the cool fluid away from it. This leads to a uniform temperature distribution along the channel. In addition, the values of Nusselt number and friction coefficient show that average Nusselt number in the zigzag channel is 6.5 times larger than that in the straight channel while the pressure drop remains approximately constant.

Cerium (IV) sulfate tetrahydrate, Ce(SO4)2.4H2O used as a new inorganic solid acidic catalyst for the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives via four-component Hantzsch reaction of aromatic/aliphatic aldehydes, 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione (dimedone), ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate under solvent-free conditions at 120 °C. This method has the advantages of high yields (88-97 %), clean reaction, simple methodology, and short reaction time (15-25 min). However, the aromatic aldehydes whether electron donating or electron withdrawing showed simple transformation with the excellent yields than the other aliphatic. Furthermore, the catalyst is inexpensive and readily available and can be recovered conveniently and reused efficiently without considerable decrease in its catalytic activity.

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infections, in addition to stomach disorders, are associated with colonization in the genital tract, causing some gynecologic problems, infertility and abortion. The prevalence of this contamination is about 50% in the world and is higher in third world countries. Recent studies have proposed the association between the infection with this bacterium and the gynecologic diseases, pregnancy problems, ovarian cysts, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS / PCOS), abortion and even male infertility. This review article was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of Hp infection on pregnancy and gynecologic diseases.

This review article was performed by searching the key words including Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori, abortion, breast cancer, PCOS, hyperemesis gravidarum, anemia and pregnancy, and their possible combination using the databases of Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, Iran medex and SID since 2001 to 2017. Then all Persian and English articles which had the inclusion criteria were evaluated.

31 articles were eligible for inclusion in the study. In most of these studies, the significant relationship was found between Hp and infertility (P<0.05); but there was contradiction with some variables such as ovarian cyst and abortion. There was also no significant relationship between Hp and breast cancer and ectopic pregnancy. Some studies have suggested the role of Hp in iron deficiency anemia and hyperemesis gravidarum.

Considering the role of Hp in the etiology of infertility, abortion, PCOS, anemia and hyperemesis gravidarum, it is recommended that serologic Hp tests be performed before starting treatment in all these cases.

One of the serious injuries caused by substance abuse is Brain damage and cognitive defects, which has a fundamental theoretical and clinical significance. The aim of this study was to compare of Brain Behavioral Activation and Inhibition activity mechanism (BAS/BIS), cognitive flexibility function in substance abuse disorder & normal women. The present study was comparative-causal schemes. The statistical population of this study included all normal and substance dependent women in addiction treatment camps in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 30 dependent women (purposeful sampling method) and 30 healthy women (cluster sampling method). The tools were simple Stroop test software, Wisconsin test software and researcher-made demographic questionnaire. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference in Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and cognitive flexibility function. As in Wisconsin's psychological nursing test The drug-dependent group had a weaker performance than the normal group.But there was no significant difference between the two groups at the Behavioral Inhibition System(BIS). used to drug Shows more and longer deficits In the prefrontal cortex of the brain and the psychological nerve functions (executive). Investigating the neuro-behavioral foundations in the drug-dependent community can help the clinicians to use appropriate therapies and Preventive interventions in addiction.

In this study, we compare the level of two inflammatory markers, high sensitive C‑reactive protein (hs‑CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), in pregnant women with mild and severe preeclampsia (PE) and women with normal pregnancy.

In this case–control study, normal pregnant women and pregnant women with PE were enrolled. Pregnant women with diagnosed PE were selected as case group and classified into two groups with mild and severe PE. Serum samples for measurement of hs‑CRP and PCT were obtained and compared in studied groups.

In this study, 50 normal pregnant women and 59 pregnant women with PE, 26 (44.1%) mild, and 33 (55.9%) severe were studied. Mean of hs‑CRP and PCT was higher in pregnant women with PE than normal pregnant women (7.71 ± 6.19 vs. 5.44 ± 3.94, P = 0.02 for hs‑CRP and 0.05 ± 0.03 vs. 0.04 ± 0.01, P = 0.001 for PCT). Area under curve for hs‑CRP and PCT was 0.611 and 0.646, respectively. The optimal cut‑off point for hs‑CRP was 5.24 with a sensitivity of 62.7% and a specificity of 56%. The optimal cut‑off point for PCT was 0.042 with a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 54%.

The findings of this study indicated that higher level of hs‑CRP and PCT in pregnant women with PE than those with normal pregnancy could potentially explain the exaggerated inflammation in PE. Regarding significantly increased level of hs‑CRP in severe PE than mild PE, we could suggest that hs‑CRP is more appropriate marker for investigating pregnant women with severe PE, and its clinical usefulness is superior to PCT in this regard.

The Satureja bachtiarica is a valuable medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family which was widely used in Iranian traditional medicine. In this research plant materials were collected and dried under shade condition. The aerial parts of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. with local name Merzeh in blooming stage were collected from Ilam Province. Plant samples were subjected to successive soxhlet extraction with methanol solvent in a factorial experiment base on completely randomized design. The antimicrobial effects of these extract and two antibiotics (Tetracycline and Gentamycyna) were determined against two Gram positive bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus and two Gram negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli. Results of statistical analysis showed that plant extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains, with different degrees. Plant extracts affect tested Gram negative bacteria more than Gram positives.

The purpose of this study was Compare the self-esteem and resilience between blind and sighted subjects in Isfahan city. The type of research was descriptive, causal-comparative and the statistical society consists of all the blinds with high school diploma and range of from 20-40 years old of both sexs(male and female) in the period of spring (2015) lived in Isfahan city.According to the well-being organization of Isfahan, of the people announced,70 persons. 60 who were chosen by the available.60 sight persons who were in terms of educations, sex and age were matched with group blinds .The research tools were:TheRozenberg self-esteem questionnaire(1965) and Conner-Davidson resiliency questionnaire(2003) .Data were analysed by using SPSS and the Multivariate Variance. The results showed significant difference regarding the subjects and the levels of resiliency of the blind individuals (P>0/01).A significant differenc was identified between the level of the self-esteem of the blind and sighted individuals (P

Since historical monuments carry national values and identity, their maintenance and protection is necessary through methods which provide holistic stability and originality preservation. Nanotechnology creates the possibility of monitoring the intrinsic traits such as melting temperature, magnetic properties, and load capacity. The colour of materials could even satay changeless in their chemical composition by developing some structures in Nano-meter scale. This means that fewer materials with better quality will be required for a determined function. In this research, it is tried to present solutions for removing deficiencies and damages of historical monuments by application of nanotechnology. Humidity is the main cause of historical monuments damages. Although current insulators prevent penetration of humidity, but they remove adobe and stone surfaces respiration and cause new problems. In this research, it has been tried to provide building respiration by application of nanotechnology and insulators produced by this technology. Religious monument of Blue Mosque is one of the valuable phenomena that relate to the period of Garagounlu. The outstanding feature and publicity of this mosque relies on wonderful and combinatory architecture and mosaic and combination of adobe and tile and solid motives that ornamented the monument interior and exterior surfaces. By selection of case study of Tabriz Blue Mosque, it was tried to investigate nanotechnology performance in this monument based on the region climate and used materials. The research will then present solutions for sections damaged by natural disasters through author laboratory analyses and descriptive and analytical methodologies to preserve this valuable monument in Tabriz architecture history.

Hepatitis A is a common health concern both in developing and developed countries. Hygienic and socioeconomic parameters deeply impact the prevalence and transmission of this disease. Evaluating the epidemiological distribution and risk factors for Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is necessary for policy makers to improve local and national preventive measures.
The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of hepatitis A infection in a sample of Iranian adolescents living in different provinces of Iran and to assess its family- and community-related risk factors.
In this cross-sectional study, serum samples of 10 to 18-year-old adolescents, who were studied in a national health survey, were examined for anti-HAV antibodies. A total of 2,494 subjects were included from 16 provinces by multistage random cluster sampling. Demographic and socioeconomic factors related to HAV transmission were extracted by valid questionnaires. A multilevel analysis using mixed-effects logistic regression (melogit) was used to evaluate the association of risk factors with HAV infection.
The weighted prevalence of HAV varied significantly across the studied provinces (P = 0.001), ranging from 50.43% in the Fars province to 78.81% in Markazi province. HAV was significantly more prevalent in children whose mothers worked outside of the home (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.14-2.62; P = 0.009).
The risk of symptomatic HAV infection is considerable in adolescents of all studied provinces; thus, universal HAV vaccination is recommended for all adolescents, regardless of their socioeconomic level. However, the risk is higher in some provinces, which seem to be transitioning from intermediate to low endemicity.

Energy consumption in food industries is high and increasing due to the growing population, inadequacy of cultivating farms, and life condition improvement. This growing consumption is a threat to the environment and human’s health. Sugarcane industries are considered as high consuming industries which have a tangible impact on the environment and emission of greenhouse gases. Sugarcane industrial energy consumption share among other industries is 4.3% and more than 70% in total energy of food industry consumption. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of CMD application on the reduction of fossil fuel energy consumption and GHGs emission reduction in Haft Tappeh Sugarcane Factory.
The results of the factory energy auditing indicated that one of the proper methods to benefit from CMD is to replace the old boiler which has low efficiency with a new boiler. Pre-feasibility assessment of the environmental and economical aspects of implementing the project has been calculated using “Proform” software. It ran through three scenarios assuming the investment, installation, and maintenance costs; the new boiler consumption rate with higher efficiency and cost-effectiveness of replacing the new system with the old one having lower efficiency. Calculation was based on carbon credit value in global market.
As results show in case if scenario C is applied, the Net Present Value (NPV) will equal 21,000,000 dollars and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) will become 39.18%. Carbon credit was considered 20 dollars based on the reduction of CO2 equivalent which was calculated by carbon supply and demand market for CERs of CDM projects that are sold and purchased in carbon exchange market. IRR is higher than 16% discount rate; consequently, it proves that implementing such a project is cost-effective. Provided that the new high efficient boiler is used, the emission of CO2 equivalent during implementing the project-25 years- will reduce to 763,353 ton equal to CO2 equivalent; furthermore, 13,607,000 GJ is saved on consumption of natural gas.
Considering the boilers with high energy consumption and low efficiency in this factory, the replacement of old boiler with the new one through CDM project is cost effective

The number of malaria cases is declining worldwide; however, it remains as a serious health problem. Diagnosing unusual cases is the most im­portant issue to manage the problem. This study designed to describe the number of falciparum and vivax malaria infected patients referred to Malaria Reference Labora­tory in Tehran University of Medical Science from 2000 to 2012. A retrospective study was conducted based on the collected question­naires from each patient referred to the laboratory. Diagnosing results and demo­graphic information for positive cases were analyzed using SPSS software. Problem­atic cases were evaluated for any difficulties in diagnosis or in clinical signs. Scanning and molecular methods were performed whenever there was an atypical case referred to the laboratory. Some of the samples had various difficulties for diagnosing such as presence of fussed gametocytes and schizonts of Plasmodium falciparum in peripheral blood and CCHF like hemoragic disorders. Plasmodium vivax caused a large proportion of the cases (76.1%) in con­trast with P. falciparum that included smaller proportion (22.8%) and the rest (1.1) belonged to mixed infection. Most of the positive cases (69.6%) were belonged to Afghani people. Men (94.6%) showed more infection than women (5.4%), moreo­ver the most infection (44.5%) was seen at a range of 21-30 yr. In the case of existing atypical issues to diagnose, it is needed to per­form more precise microscopical examination beyond the current standard condi­tions. Sometimes molecular method is required to verify the exact agent of the dis­ease.