فهرست مطالب elham torbati

Context: After about 40 years from the discovery of bone marrow stem cells, the adipose stem cells (ASCs) were identify and the applications of these cells in different fields including the medical and biomedical fields have always attracted the attention of the scientists. The great quantity of stem cells obtained from adipose tissue allows the scientists to rapidly apply these primary cells without culture expansion..
Evidence Acquisition: Human has different types of fat tissues and each has its own applications, which means that the ASCs are harvested from different niches and each could be applied for different purposes. There are also specific biomarkers on the surface of the stem cells which is specific for every kind of these cells and the ASCs have also their own surface markers which help to easily detect..
Already the ASCs are clinically applied in many other purposes but the first clinical application of ASCs was reported in 2004 for the treatment of traumatic calvarial deficiency in a 7-year-old girl. However in the last decade a huge number of studies has been done on ASCs and the ASCs are used for different reasons and in different medical fields including the treatment of cardiovascular and immune diseases, for healing the wound scars and also is applied for skin rejuvenate, radiation injury, scar remodeling, and skin engineering..
This review was to focus on the roles of ASCs in different applications and also provide the researcher general information about the history and current applications of ASCs. We found that the ASCs have a potential role to be used for the treatment of different sorts of disorders, with the less side effects and is also a new approach toward new remedies..

The influenza virus is globally pathogenic and it is usually associated with zoonotic respiratory diseases. This virus has caused a number of pandemics with high mortality rates. The non-structural protein-1 (NS1) of influenza A viruses is a non-essential virulence factor that has multiple accessory functions during a viral infection. This protein is highly conservative. It has been shown that this protein plays a major role against the immunity responses of host cells. The aim of this study was to produce the recombinant influenza NS1 protein by the use of a bacterial production system, in order to evaluate the immunological and structural features of this protein in future researches. The NS1 gene construct was artificially synthesized; subsequently it was sub-cloned into the pQE30 expression vector. The expression vector was then transformed into the BL21 cells and induced by IPTG. Finally, the expression was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting techniques. The NS1 gene was successfully cloned and transformed into expression cells. As a result, a 23 kDa band was observed both on the SDS-PAGE and nitrocellulose paper after Western blotting. Based on the results of this study, it could be concluded that the NS1 gene of influenza A H1N1 virus (A/Shiraz/14/2010 strain) could be cloned and the rNS1 protein (recombinant NS1 protein) could be expressed using a bacterial protein translation system. Since this protein is a conservative protein among influenza A viruses, it could be used as a potent vaccine for the prevention of various types of pandemics caused by influenza A.

Hepatitis infection represents one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, however there is not any effective vaccine against hepatitis C which is one of the significant problems in vaccine project. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of HCV core protein in inducing IFN-Gamma secretion and TCL activities as a vaccine in Balb/C mice. Our previous cloned plasmid (HCV Core gene into pETDuet-1) applied for protein expression in bacteria. The expressed and purified recombinant protein together with Freund’s adjuvant was injected to 15 Balb/c mice. The total IgG and IgG2a of immunized mice sera were evaluated after a week. Two weeks after booster injection, we studied the proliferation and IFNγ secretion of spleens, inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes lymphocytes by ELISA and ELISPOT. The FSFC (Frequency of spot forming cells) of secreting cells of immunized mice with HCV/Core protein and sera IgG2a were considerably higher than the control groups. The core protein together with proper adjuvant can be a candidate vaccine against of HCV infectionBalb/C Mice. Hepat Mon. 2012;12(6): 391-397. DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.6141.

Methamphetamine use and dependency is a serious public health problem with implications across multiple areas from societal impact to burden on psychiatric and medical resources (1). Different areas such as East and Southeast Asia, Australia, Middle West and Western areas of United States and some regions of Great Britain are suffering from Methamphetamine use and related problems (2). An estimated 8% of admissions to substance abuse treatment programs are associated to stimulants with Methamphetamine misuse (1). The comparison of demographic characteristics and variety of substances in Methadone maintenance clinic of Baharan Psychiatry Hospital in Zahrdan, Iran in 2009-2011, has reported an increasing proceeding of methamphetamine use from 6% to about 20% (3). The Administrator of Health and Social anti-drug campaign declared that the substance related psychotic symptoms are noticeable among Methamphetamine users, it has also been reported that 50% of patients of psychiatric wards consist of Methamphetamine users psychosis patients, which would bring a number of harmful demerits to this the wards (4). Methamphetamine is a potent form of amphetamine, administrated through different routes such as: inhalation, smoking, intravenous injection and orally (2, 5). The primary effect of Methamphetamines is at the point of the catecholamine release (specially Dopamine), from the presynaptic cells, these effects are stronger among ventral tegmental Dopaminergic neurons connected to the cerebral cortex and limbic system, the activation of this reward pathway may probably lead to amphetamine dependency (5). Craving is the principal cause of drug abuse; Ekhtiari et al. reported that Methamphetamine is a common stimulant substance in Iran, which produce high level of cravings (6). Short term effects of methamphetamine such as initial rush, increased level of energy, appetite and general sense of well-being, would last 6-8 hours. Methamphetamine increases the sex desires and enhances the sexual experience, which is directly related to high risk behaviors including multiple sexual partnership, pregnancy, infectious diseases such as hepatitis and syphilis (7). Restlessness, insomnia, hyperthermia and probably seizures are the side effects of Methamphetamine (2). Addiction, mood disturbance, paranoia, agitation, psychosis, cognitive impairments, poisoning and death are the long-term effects of Methamphetamine (2, 8, 9). In the past few years, the rate of drug poisoning has been increased among the youngsters (10). Methamphetamine abstinence after a long term consumption leads to withdrawal syndrome such as; dysphoric mood, weakness and lethargy, anxiety, nightmare, insomnia, sweating, tension headache and abdominal cramps (6, 11). The withdrawal syndrome will be peaked within 2-4 days and will eliminate after a week and depression associated with suicidal ideation and attempts are the most important symptoms of abstinence (5). The efficiency of pharmacological intervention for treatment of Methamphetamine related disorders is not clear yet (2, 12). Different drugs such as sertraline, bupropion, mirtazapine, Modafinil, Dextroamphetamine, Ondansetron, Risperidone, Aripiprazole, Baclofen, Gabapentin and Nalterxon as a treatment of methamphetamine-related disorders were examined, it has been reported that Aripiperazol is the most common drug used (1, 12).Maintenance therapy for Methamphetamine dependency has been suggested, due to increased rate of methamphetamine dependency, low effectiveness of methamphetamine related drug therapy and the good effects of methadone and buprenorphine maintenance therapy in treatment of opioid dependency. Preliminary studies have shown that Dexamphetamine maintenance therapy increases patients’ retention in treatment program and decrease methamphetamine consumption (2).Consistent with low effectiveness of pharmacological interventions and risky behaviors which increase the risk of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis transmission among Methamphetamine abusers, it is expected that further investigations related to Methamphetamine dependency and appropriate treatment approaches for more effective treatment would increase the retention of patients by providing therapeutic protocols, however we should consider that Psychotherapy despite the high relapse rate, is still the main treatment. Further surveys with the use of combination models, will provide beneficial and useful treatments to patients with methamphetamine addiction.