فهرست مطالب emamgholi

Environmental issues in Iran are increasing. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and environmental concerns of the construction of Karun 3 multifunctional dam in Khuzestan province. To investigate eight variables (effects on water, sound effects, effects on land, effects on air, effects on Habitat, socio-economic effects, health effects and beauty effects). The method of the present research has been applied and the opinions of experts in this field in the form of questionnaires and interviews have been used to examine the mentioned factors. The sampling method was a combination of two methods non-probability targeted sampling and snowball sampling. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The results show the positive effect of social capital on environmental behaviors and attitudes and in addition, the inadequacy of social capital in improving environmental behavior and attitudes of dwellers. The results also indicate the desired effects and the creation of large and important benefits in the region through the construction of Karun 3 Dam. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired goals by applying appropriate environmental management systems, it is necessary to direct the set of activities in a way to minimize the possible negative effects of such a huge project. Findings from regression analysis also showed a 25% explanation for changes in environmental concerns with social capital.

In this study, a class of bis-1,2-(4-aryl-2-alkyl-1H- inden-1-yl) ethane was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods such as 1HNMR, 13CNMR, melting point and FTIR. bis-1,2-(4-aryl-2-alkyl-1H- inden-1-yl) ethane was synthesized by the reaction of butyl lithium, arylindenes and dibromoethane in a facile, one-pot strategy. It’s shown that these methods have a wide scope to afford libraries of aryl-substituted indenes. The prepared compounds was then applied as a ligand for the fabrication of a number of metal complexes which can be used as catalyst for the polymerization of the olefins.

To foster environmental friendly behavior, it is necessary to understand individual an social norms. Thus, this study aims toanswer the question that to what extent these norms are facilitating individual’s environmental behaviorand to what extent, they are filling the gap between attitudes and behaviors towards environmental behavior. This study was conducted among urban dwellers of Mazandaran province in 2016 with utilizing survey method. To identify the sample, a cluster sampling method was applied and 467 people were surveyed. The questionnaire was used as a mean of data collection and the validity was measured by utilizing some experts, while reliability of the questionnaire was measured by using Alpha Cronbach technique. The results of the study show that levels of individual and social norms are not so strong among surveyed people. However, the results indicate that above mentioned norms affectenvironmental behaviors. These types of norms also help to fill the gap between attitudes and environmental behaviors. The results of regression analysis also show that social norms have most influence on environmental friendly behavior and are a strong predictor compared with other surveyed variables. The paper is ended up with some explanation about norms weaknesses.

Background and Various methods for repairing defects and injuries such as wounds and cuts on the body have long been used. Biocompatible material into the body for the purposes of applying the Chitosan and gelatin are among them. On the other hand, recently the use and application of special cells in the bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) to produce a wide variety of growth factors and tropic factors in the healing and restoration of great concern was. In this study, a thin film of polymer solution (Ch-G) of mixture casting method, cells with BMSCs were obtained. For this purpose, cells were passage BMSCs after four steps, the thin membrane (Ch-G) were cultured. Adhesion of the BMSCs cells by inverted microscopy, the purity and the stem was examined by immunocytochemistry after the sixth day. Demonstrate that the proper proliferation and apoptosis of cells during this period was low on the membrane. The results showed no significant difference between the cells on thin membranes (Ch-G) compared with the control group. Considering that BMSCs can easily be on thin-film cells (Ch-G), growth and reproduction are good, so it can cover the cell membrane as a dressing Adhesive Bandage to repair some defects, wounds used and bone fractures.

Gelatin and Chitosan are known as biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymers. These biopolymers have recently received increasingly more attention for tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to survey of effects of Gelatin-Chitosan film in viability, proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation on bone marrow stromal cell (BMSCs) culture in rat. Fist, gelatin- chitosan composites film were prepared by solution mixing, of both biopolymer in %75 acetic acid. After two passage of BMSCs culture, cells in the four groups including control, gelatin, chitosan and chitosan-gelatin were grown. The cells viability during the second, fourth and sixth days by tripanblue, proliferation by cell account and cell apoptosis by Acridin Orange were examined. Also cell differentiation during the second, fourth and sixth day were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. The results showed significant reduction in cell proliferation in chitosan alone group (P<0.05). But the gelatin and chitosan-gelatin groups were similar to the control group as the cell proliferation was increased. Also all groups had no cell differentiation. Results of proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis cultured BMSCs on a gelatin-chitosan film showed that gelatin-chitosan film can be used as a good model of a biodegradable scaffold in tissue engineering and cell therapy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the most important environmental factor affecting changes species diversity in rangelands of Bijar protected region. Sampling in each plant type that was determined from field method was done along four 300 meter transects. 15 plots (1m2) established along each transect in 20 meter distances. The kind and the amount of existing species and the percentage of vegetation cover were determined in each plot. Also were taken soil samples from beginning and end of each transect from 0-20 and 20-100 cm depth. Measurement environmental factors in this study were included: soil texture (clay, silt, sand), gravel percentage, slope, aspect, altitude, organic material, EC, pH and lime. Species diversity in each type with counting total species as species richness were considered. Simpson and Shanon-Winer index as heterogeneous index and also Simpson, Kamargo and Smith-Wilson indices were considered as homogenous indices. Above mentioned case calculated using from Ecological Methodology. After collecting data, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to determine environmental factors affecting on changes of species diversity. The results showed that Ac. millefolium-S.barbata and D.mucronata-Th.kotschyanus types have the highest and lowest species diversity respectively. The obtained results of this study was showed that among studied factors, texture include clay, silt and sand percentage gravel, lime; altitude and slope had the most influence on changes of species diversity in studied region.Results from this study can be used to manage, restore and improve vegetation in areas with similar environmental conditions.

Increased environmental problems make inevitable the requirement of changing attitudes, knowledge and behaviors of different social groups towards the environment. The main purpose of this survey is to examine the level of knowledge, attitudes and environmental behavior of high school students in SanandajCity (Kurdistan, Iran). The research applies survey method. The statistic sample of the survey includes 386 high school students. The samples have been selected by multistage cluster sampling method and the data was gathered by using questionnaire. The survey findings show that about 68 percent of the surveyed students reported environmentally friendly responsible behavior. In addition, findings show that student's environmental knowledge was scored very high and there was rare essential appointment to do environmental behavior. While about 55 percent of the students indicated positive environmental attitude, the remainder had shown to hold technological attitude. Among determinants, environmental attitude showed to have most effects on environmental behavior which means, it is the most powerful predictor of the environmental behavior. The results also show that there is a weak relationship between environmental knowledge and environmental behavior. To explain this gap, the possible reasons have been expressed and the paper ends up with some implication for education policy makers to promote environmentally responsible behaviors among students.

Mycophenolic acid(MPA), a fungal mycotoxin, is produced by Penicillium brevicompactum and is used for the synthesis of immunosuppressive drugs in pharmaceutical industries. The present study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of mycophenolic acid(MPA) production by standard strains of P. brevicompactum at laboratory level. Three strains of P. brevicompactum were provided from microbial culture collections. To stimulate MPA production, barley was used as culture medium, and dry heat, wet heat, and gamma radiation were used to sterilize the culture medium. Samples were taken from the culture medium at different intervals, and their MPA level was assessed by HPLC method. P. brevicompactum strain which was prepared from Finland(VTT D-061157) was able to produce MPA more than two other strains(from Germany and Iran). The amount of MPA enhanced linearly until day 10, and after that became relatively constant. Gamma radiation was a suitable method to sterilize the substrate, and nylon bags were evaluated as an easy and cheap container for growing the fungus. Production of MPA with simple and cheap culture media to provide primary substance for immunosuppressive drugs such as mycophenolate mofetile and sodium mycophenolate would be possible.