فهرست مطالب eraj negahdar

Criminalization in the cyberspace has sought to identify cybercriminals and impose punishments in domestic and international laws, and this has made it necessary to redefine the concept of cybervictims in legal concepts. However, cyber security is a new concept, the violation of which leads to wide consequences, but in the shade of purely criminal definitions, it has not been addressed as it should be from the perspective of criminal policy, and this view is the reason for the lack of recognition of the concept called security violation. cyber and its victims.

The present research is qualitative and according to the nature of the subject, in terms of purpose, it is practical and in terms of collecting information in a documentary way and through the study of valid laws and sources and the obtained information has been analyzed descriptively and analytically.

The findings indicate that in Iran's criminal policy, there is no specific differential support system for victims of cyber security violations, in this context, by using strategies to support victims of cyber security violations, including identification and cyber validation, the need for literacy promotion mechanisms. Cyber ​​media and knowledge enhancement, the need for preventive protections for the victims of cyber security violations, the creation of guardian institutions, the need to formulate a charter for the prevention of victims in the face of cyber security violations, a coherent criminal policy can be achieved in this field.

Due to the lack of an independent criminal policy, the occurrence of victims due to cyber security violations is an existing phenomenon, and as a result, their support requires the adoption of an interactive differential criminal policy in the field of legislation and amending regulations in the light of coherent and efficient policies.

Security is the most important component in the political authority of governments and the cyber world violates it by acknowledging its valuable achievements. Therefore, developing an effective preventive criminal policy against cyber security violation is so important that neglecting it can cause the criminal system to face irreparable challenges. Despite the approval of the international document on cyber security, this paper, using the method of document analysis and a descriptive analytical method, seeks to read the strategies of Iran's cyber security order in the upstream laws and documents and examine the state of social preventive criminal policy in the laws of other countries. It seems that criminal policymaking in Iran can play a significant role, especially in the field of social preventive measures against cyber security violations. In this way, different countries have adopted several security approaches to prevent cyber security violations. Based on the findings of this research, although Iran has considered different strategies in strengthening the security foundations of cyber encounters, due to the lack of appropriate differential policy, it has not yet succeeded in adopting centralized social preventive mechanisms and efficiency in preventing cyber security violations has not been considered and the measures applied are often non-technical in nature, such as training and promotion of digital Knowledge.

Prevention of security breaches today depends on understanding the concepts and examples of cyber security breaches as well as appropriate examination of the measures applied by governments in adopting preventive criminal policies. This is a relatively new issue but important one in thatit constitutes the most important component in expressing the desired governance of countries. Furthermore, as the evidence show, the cyberspace is the target of complex security-violating actions it has induced the governments both in the domestic and international arenas to apply efficient and effective approaches and guidelines of active and comprehensive preventive criminal policies and to seek suitable solutions against the cyber security breaches. The present article follows descriptive-analytical methodology inanalysing the situational preventive approaches of Iran against cyber security violations as stipulated under laws and legal documents as well as the international instruemts. It seems that, despite the fact that the legal system has taken different cyber security approaches in situational prevention of the cyber breaches but, the criminal policies of Iran, in spite of the attempts at strengthening of the cyber security foundations, lacks the differentiation bases and have not been successful in adopting centralized and effiient policies in preventing the cyber space breaches

Orwell wrote the novel Animal Castle with a critical approach in a symbolic form of animal language against the totalitarian system and with a humanistic social style.  The purpose of this paper is to study interdisciplinary novels based on criminal policy models and Criminological Doctrines. The present paper is based on a descriptive and analytical methom, with a review of the novel based on library sources. The findings based on the analysis of the novel's content show that this nostalgic novel tells the story of the formation of a revolution and the transformation of rebellion into power and shows the stupidity of the masses and the emptiness of the promise of socialism to the proletariat, ie equality and the end of authoritarian oppression. With a view consistent with the Marxist criminological view, Orwell presents the models of authoritarian and totalitarian criminal policy in the form of a story consistent with the totalitarian rule of socialist societies.