فهرست مطالب erfan zaker

When men are exposed to the coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), they show severe consequences of this disease, including a higher death rate, than women. These differences are probably due to sex-specific behaviors, genetic and hormonal factors, and sex differences in biological pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several socio-behavioral factors are involved in pathogenesis in men compared to women. However, sex-biological differences and their effects on SARS-COV-2 outcomes have received less attention. Sexual-biological differences between healthy populations and age- and sex-specific conditions such as pregnancy and menopause are also discussed. More extensive studies with gender-specific reporting and robust analyzes are needed to determine how gender can alter the cellular and molecular pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2. This work will improve biomarker interpretation and clinical management of SARS-COV-2 patients by facilitating a personalized medicine approach to risk stratification, prevention, and treatment. The present review summarizes the available literature on proposed molecular and cellular markers associated with SARS-COV-2 infection, their association with health outcomes, and any reported variation by gender.

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) can unambiguously identify, quantify, and purify an antigen or particular epitope at a large scale. The superiority of these antibodies lies in their specificity for the antigenic determinant. So, this study aims to prepare mouse mAb-secreting hybridoma against human gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and determine the produced antibody's characters.

Mouse splenic B lymphocytes immunized with recombinant human IFN-γ were fused with mouse SP2/0 cells. The hybridized cells were selected by hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine and hypoxanthine-thymidine media to obtain monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma cells. Finally, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and western blot were used to confirm the creation of antibody-secreting hybridoma cells.

mAb against IFN-γ were produced by fusing SP2/0 mouse non-secretory myeloma cell line with the spleen cells of immunized mice. This antibody's indirect ELISA optical density was 2.055 on average, and the desired antibody bands were confirmed in SDS-PAGE compared to Septicol® (commercial antibody). Also, in the western blot, the desired antibody could bind to the antigen. IFN-γ transferred on nitrocellulose membrane. In ELISA and western blot tests, anti-mouse IgG conjugated antibodies were used; therefore, the mAb IgG isotype was taken into consideration.

 In this study, a mouse mAb was obtained by immunization of Balb/C mice and fusion of spleen cells of these mice with the SP2/0 cells, which can specifically bind to recombinant human IFN-γ and can be used to detect IFN-γ secretion in all types of intracellular infections, including latent tuberculosis.

Aims and For a long time, intestinal parasite infections are among the major problems of Public health in Iran. Our aim was epidemiological studies on the frequency of intestinal parasites in patients referred to medical centers of Shahid Sadoughi University in Yazd during 2015-2016.
In a two years cross-sectional study in the medical centers of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, 31000 stool samples were evaluated for parasitic infections by direct smear and formalin-ether concentration methods.
Results and The results showed that Incidence was 3.8%. Protozoan infection were Blastocystis hominis (1.75%), Giardia lambelia (1.45%), Chilomastix mesnili (0.35%), Trichomonas hominis (0.05%) and helmints in infections were Hymenolepis nana (0.11%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.08%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (0.01%). There was a significant difference in parasite prevalence between age categories. However, no significant difference was found with gender. The intestinal parasites, especially helminthic infections have been decreased during recent years.