فهرست مطالب esfandabadi

Adaptive algorithms play an important role in order to improve performance of diffusion distributed network. In comparison of diffusion Normalized least mean square algorithm, family of diffusion subband algorithms have faster convergence rate when the input signal is highly correlated. This paper solves the problem of distributed estimation in the diffusion networks based on improved multiband-structured subband adaptive filter (IMSAF) and diffusion improved multiband structured subband adaptive filter (DIMSAF) is established. In proposed algorithm, convergence behavior improved due to using several input projections instead of single vector of input data. In addition, when the projection order is increased, the convergence rate of the proposed algorithm improves. The validity of the DIMSAF in comparison of DLMS, DAPA, VSS-DAPA and DRLS algorithms is demonstrated by several computer simulations. The results show fastest convergence rate.

In the process of sperm cryopreservation, apart from cryoinjury, the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can adversely affect the integrity of chromatin and cellular membranes. Addition of natural antioxidants to freezing me-dium is an approach to reduce the destructive effects of ROS on sperm. In this study, during 60 min of cooling process, the ejaculates of five stallions were diluted in the following media: INRA 82 medium as Control (C), INRA 82 medium supplemented with 0.25% Sericin (S), INRA 82 medium supplemented with 1.5 mM Glutathione (G), and INRA 82 medium supplemented with 0.25% Sericin+1.5 mM Glutathione (S+G). In the frozen/thawed sericin supplemented group, while the integrity of DNA and the activity of catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) were increased, the lipid peroxidation and midpieceab normality decreased, compared with other groups (p<0.05). The proportions of sperms with abnormal head in group S and the sperm with distal droplet in G and S+G groups decreased, compared with group C (p<0.05). In CTC assay, the percentage of capacitated spermatozoa in treatment groups was lower than control (p<0.01). In conclusion, the presence of sericin in freezing medium of stallion semen could improve sperm DNA integrity and its resistance to ROS and lipid peroxidation.

Despite the successful pregnancies and live births that have been reported from transferring embryos derived from cryopreserved oocytes in several mammalian species, developmental competence of frozen-thawed oocytes is low. The aim of this study was examining the effects of short term treating of the immature ovine oocyte with glycine and supplementation of vitrification and warming solution with glycine on post vitrification and warming quality. Abattoir-derived immature ovine oocytes vitrified with (GLY) or without (CON) treating with glycine and after In vitro maturation the nuclear maturation and the rate of apoptosis of them compared with their unvitrified (FRESH) counterparts. A difference at a level of P<0.05 was described significant. The survival rate of the oocytes in vitrified groups was significantly lower than of the FRESH group. Treating with glycine had no beneficial effect on post IVM survival rate. Apoptotic oocytes were significantly lower in the GLY group than CON group and were comparable to FRESH group. In conclusion, glycine can improve the quality of ovine immature oocytes after vitrification and warming.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Heatsynch and Ovsynch(two methods of ovulation synchronization) on pregnancy rate in dairy cows. This study was carried out in a large dairy herd in suburbs of Esfehan province. In total 113 dairy cows with 50-200 days in milk entered in the study. In this experiment cows were alternately assigned to three proups.1) control group (n=50) received no treatment. Cows that were detected in estrous were inseminated by on farm technician.2) Ovsynch group (n=46) received an i.m injection of 10 μg GnRH analog on days 0 and 9 and an i.m injection of 500 μg of PGF2α on day 7, then inseminated 16-20 hour after second GnRH injection. 3) Heatsynch group (n=37) received an i.m injection of 10 μg GnRH analog and 500 μg of PGF2α on days 0 and 7 respectively and then then 1mg estradiol cypiyonate 24 hour after PG injection. Cows that were detected in estrous after estradiol treatment were inseminated as a.m. / p.m.protocol. Timed artificial insemination(TAI) was performed for cows that were not detected in estrous 48 hourafter estradiol treatment.Pregnancy detection were performed on day 30 and between days 40-45 after insemination by ultrasonography and rectal palpation respectively. The differences in Conception rate between three groups were analyzed by using Chi-Square method. Although conception rate in Ovsynchgroup (%41.3) were higher than Heatsynch(%37.8) and control(%36) groups, but there was no significant differences in conception rate between three groups.

Testis tissue xenografting and the resultant sperm in a xenograft may provide a unique approach to rescue the genetic material of males that die prematurely and is a model for the study of human spermatogenesis and can represent an alternative approach for fertility preservation in cancer patients. This study was aimed to evaluate the xenogenic dog sperm in formation of male pronucleus following injection into the sheep oocytes. The in vitro matured slaughterhouse derived sheep oocytes were subjected to Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) with epididymal، testicular، and xenogenic dog sperm. The ICSI was performed after scoring of the sperm midpiece using an IX71-Olympus inverted microscope with Nomarsky optics. Within 1 hr after injection، the injected oocytes in activated group were exposed to 5 µM ionomycin for 5 min. The data were analyzed by Chi-square and ANOVA using SigmaStat، version 3. 5، and p<0. 05 was considered significant. The formation of female pronucleus after ICSI of xenogenic sperm was higher than epididymal and testicular sperm in non-activated oocytes. The corresponding rate in activated oocytes was higher or comparable with testicular and epididymal sperm. The rate of male pronucleus formation after ICSI of xenogenic sperm was comparable with injection of two other sperm sources. Oocyte activation had an inductive role in female and male pronuclear formation. Dog xenogenic sperm was capable to induce oocyte activation and proportion of male pronucleous formation was comparable to the testicular and epididymal sperm.

This study investigated the concentration/time dependent effects of nanosilver colloid on the motion parameters of the ejaculated ram spermatozoa in vitro. After incubation of sperm samples for 30، 60، 120 and 180 min in the presence of nanosilver colloid (0، 0. 001، 0. 01، 0. 1، 1 and 10 ppm)، the motion parameters were evaluated by computer assisted sperm analysis. There was a significant (P<0. 05) decrease in most motion of sperm parameters (the fast، slow and non-progressive motility، VCL، VSL، STR، MAD، ALH، WOB، VAP and LIN) in treated groups compared to their corresponding controls، especially after 120 min of incubation. On the other hand، there was a significant (P<0. 05) increase in sperm immotility in comparison with the control group in all times at 1 ppm nanosilver colloid. At a concentration of 10 ppm، spermatozoa were completely inactivated. It is concluded that nanosilver colloid depresses sperm functions، especially motility parameters، which can be a causative agent for sperm infertility induced by nanosilver cytotoxicity.

In this paper we present a general formalism for the establishment of the family of selective partial update affine projection algorithms (SPU-APA). The SPU-APA, the SPU regularized APA (SPU-R-APA), the SPU partial rank algorithm (SPU-PRA), the SPU binormalized data reusing least mean squares (SPU-BNDR-LMS), and the SPU normalized LMS with orthogonal correction factors (SPU-NLMS-OCF) algorithms are established by this general formalism. In these algorithms, the filter coefficients are partially updated rather than the entire filter coefficients at every iteration which is computationally efficient. Following this, the transient and steady-state performance analysis of this family of adaptive filter algorithms are studied. This analysis is based on energy conservation arguments and does not need to assume a Gaussian or white distribution for the regressors. We demonstrate the performance of the presented algorithms through simulations in system identification and acoustic echo cancellation scenarios. The good agreement between theoretically predicted and actually observed performances is also demonstrated

In this paper, thermal effects of laser irradiance on biological tissue is investigated using computer simulations. Earlier attempts in this field made use of finite difference and finite element techniques. Here a novel approach is adopted to improve the results. The effect of our implicit approach on the convergence procedure and accuracy of results, with different timing steps, is explored. Monte Carlo method is used in combination with the finite volume algorithm in order to obtain a profile of light distribution and heat transport in tissue. It is shown that implicit finite volume technique has not only acceptable accuracy, but also high stability for different timing steps.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of behavioral disorder among of primary school students in Abhar. 600 primary school students (300 boys and 300 girls) of public primary schools in Abhar, Iran were used as the sample for this study. Their behavioral disorder scores were obtained by means of Rutter's teacher's questionnaire. Using a cutpoint of 9, the prevalence rate of behavioral disorder was 43.3% among subjects, with boys showing higher rates of behavioral disorder (44.7%) than girls (42%) but no significant differences were found by gender on rates of behavioral disorders. 6.3 percent of the subjects had severe behavioral disorder. Academic achievement was negatively related to behavioral disorder. Significant differences were found by mother's education on children’s rates of behavioral disorder. Significant differences were found by father's occupation on children’s rates of behavioral disorder.