فهرست مطالب esmail azimi

Due to the importance of self-regulated learning in distance education (especially online learning environments), researchers are constantly looking for a suitable instrument to evaluate it more accurately. The purpose of this study was to investigate validity and reliability of the Barnard’s et al (2009) Online Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire in Iranian context. The study was a descriptive survey that implemented a correlational research design. The population of this study were all postgraduate students enrolled in the online courses at universities located in Tehran in the academic year 2017-2018. A sample of 450 students were selected by Cluster random sampling and responded to the Barnard et al (2009) Online Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire, of which, 418 questionnaires could be analyzed. The findings showed that the questionnaire had acceptable formal and content validities. The results of exploratory factor analysis by the principal components method, confirmed six factors named goal setting, environment structuring, task strategies, time management, help seeking and self-evaluation. These six factors account for 56.78 % of the overall variance. To determine the factor validity, a confirmatory factor analysis was used, and the results showed that the model appropriately fit to data. All of the tests confirmed the model. (Χ2/df=1.930<3, RMSEA=0.064, GFI=0.94, NFI=0.92, CFI=0.94). The results of this study showed that Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ranged from 0.84 to 0.94 and Intraclass correlation coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient of test-retest were 0.77 and 0.78, respectively. The instrument appears to be appropriate for assessing self-regulated online learning among Iranian students for research or intervention purposes.

Treatment refusal with personal responsibility can be a threat to the health of the patient, as the patient's life may be compromised due to a lack of adequate and timely medical treatment. This study aimed to determine the causes of treatment continuation refusal and the level of awareness of this refusal in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Behshahr, Iran, affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed on patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Behshahr, affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences selected via census sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-based questionnaire, and data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using descriptive statistics.

From 918 patients, 559 (60.89%) were male and 359 (39.10%) were female, and the mean age for subjects aged below and above 18 years was estimated at 8.5 and 37.8, respectively. According to the results, the rate of discharge with personal consent was reported to be 5.74%. In addition, the emergency ward and ICU had the highest (27.3%) and lowest (1.3%) rates of discharge with personal consent, respectively.

There was the highest rate of discharge with personal consent in the emergency department. To alleviate this problem, it is necessary to explain the consequences of discharge with personal consent to patients.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure, validity and reliability of the questionnaire to measure the level of reflective thinking. This research is a non-experimental research that has been done by descriptive-analytic method. The population of this study were all students enrolled in the teacher training courses in the academic year of 2016-2017 in Tehran, a sample of 680 students were selected by Cluster random sampling and responded to the Kember et al (2000) reflective thinking questionnaire of which, 636 questionnaires could be analyzed. Data were analyzed using spss21 and Lisrel8.8 softwares. The findings showed that the questionnaire had acceptable formal and content validities. The results of exploratory factor analysis by the principal components method, confirmed four factors named habitual action, understanding, reflection and critical reflection. These four factors account for 59.51% of the overall variance. For determining the factor validity, a confirmatory factor analysis was used which results showed that the questionnaire appropriately fit with data. All of the tests confirm the model χ2/df=1/855As a result, it can be said that the translated version of reflective thinking questionnaire in studies related to professional development, among Iranian learners, is acceptable. This questionnaire can also be used as a learning and assessment tool.

The purpose of this study is to produce Dicteyar Educational Multimedia Effectiveness on improving Dysgraphia students ‘Auditory and Visual Memory Problems in learninig spelling. An quasi-experimental research method and two-groups with pre-test and post-test research design are used. The statistical universe contain Dysgraphia students in the second grade of primary schools in Arak province during academic year of 1390-91. Among these students, 20 persons in experimental group and 19 persons in control group were randomly replaced. In 15 sessions, Students in experimental group were trained by Dicteyar and control group were trained by the traditional method. Revised Wexler Scale, clinical interviews and spelling test wrer used to identify these students in learning disabilities center. The academic achievement of spelling exam was used in order to collect data. analysing data, Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney U tests were used. The result has shown that the multimedia Dicteyar meaningfully improved Auditory and visual memory problems than traditional method(P<0/001). So, multimedia Dicteyar is more effective in improving Dysgraphia students ‘Auditory and visual memory problems. It is suggested that the multimedia educational dicteyar should be used in training Dysgraphia students and develop multimedia for other learning disability.

Gorham’s disease is rare and is associated with progressive bone destruction. The first case was reported in 1838 and until now 175 cases with Gorham's disease have been reported in the literature. In this article a patient with concurrent involvement of lumbar spine and trochanteric region is reported. Case report: A 32 years old woman with intensive back pain and paraplegia was admitted to our center. Radiological and laboratory studies were done. Spinal x-rays revealed L3 collapse and a potential metastatic lesion in L3 and trochanteric region. Patient underwent cord decompression and stabilization of the spine and biopsy was done. Histological studies demonstrated that the lesion is due to Gorham's disease. Gorham’s disease can involve spine and cause paraplegia and in this conditions, decompression can be helpful. Also, our case portrayed that this disease can involve distant bones concurrently.