eznollah azar gashb

Sedentary lifestyle has been associated with many chronic conditions and is recognized as a leading cause of total mortality.Regular physical activity can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and osteoporosis and increase fitness, balance, muscle strength, and improve psychological function and self-satisfaction.

Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the physical activity level among employees working at the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran to find any relationship between physical activity level and job satisfaction, which is crucial for professional success and productivity.

In thiscross-sectional study, 300 administrative staff members were randomly selected in the proportion of their numbers from various deputies, faculties, hospitals, health networks, and centers of the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences using multistage sampling. The subjects were selected from both male and female employees. The data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Visoki, and Chrome's Job Satisfaction Questionnaire.

Meanand standard deviation of physical activity of employees were 3021.83 and 2688.65 MET-minutes/week, respectively. The average was slightly higher than the moderate level of physical activity according to IPAQ. The averageand standard deviation of job satisfaction of workers were 112.36 and 26.16, respectively, which were relatively good. Physical activity and job satisfaction of female workers were higher than those of their male colleagues (P= 0.019, P= 0.036 respectively). A significant difference was observed between the level of physical activity of workers and their job satisfaction as workers with higher levels of physical activity had more job satisfaction (P< 0.001).

Regarding the significant relationship between physical activityand job satisfaction, physical activity and exercise of employees in the workplace are crucial. Future prospective studies can validate this association.

Evidence indicating the association of cancers and chronic inflammations is increasing. The importance of urinary tract and sexually transmitted infections (UTIs and STIs) in the development of prostate cancer is still unclear. Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is one of the most important causes of UTIs and STIs. Here, a case-control study was performed on the Iranian population to assess the association between C. trachomatis and prostate cancer (PC).

Paraffin-embedded prostate tissue specimens collected from 62 PC and 62 PBH (benign prostate hyperplasia) (as controls) patients were screened to detect C. trachomatis 16srRNA gene using nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) method. A p-value < .05 was interpreted as a remarkable difference using SPSS statistical software Ver. 16.

There was a significant difference regarding the prevalence of C. trachomatis (p < .001; OR=10.07; 95% CI [2.81-36.001]) between the PC (33.87%) and BPH (4.84%) samples. Furthermore, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were statistically higher (p< .05) in C. trachomatis-positive patients than in patients with negative C. trachomatis.

It could be concluded that patients with a history of C. trachomatis infections are more likely to develope PC. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of C. trachomatis infection may help the prevention of PC. Moreover, nested PCR is a suitable method for C. trachomatis detection in paraffin-embedded prostate tissue specimens.

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of insomnia after coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and compare them.

This cross-sectional study was done in Masih Daneshvari and Emam Hossein Hospital of Tehran during a period of 12 months in 2016. The study group consisted of patients who were admitted to these hospitals with heart disease and had to go under CABG or angioplasty. Each participant completed a detailed Persian version of the insomnia severity index and demographic questionnaire which includes demographic questions and questions about the onset or durability of sleep as well as questions about the use of alcohol, caffeine, cigarettes, and sleeping drugs 2 days before the surgery and 1 week after that. The state of insomnia was measured before and after the CABG and compared with the state of insomnia before and after angioplasty.

About 150 patients were included in the study (80 men [67.4%] and 70 women [43.6%]). In the CABG group, 14.67% of the preoperative patients and 24.0% of the patients after the operation had insomnia, and the difference between them was significant (P = 0.003). Furthermore, in the angioplasty group, 14.67% of the preoperative patients and 20.0% of the patients after the operation had insomnia, and the difference between them was significant (P = 0.001).

Insomnia after both CABG and angioplasty was significantly increased but in CABG group this increase was more than angioplasty.

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are among the major public health problems, especially in developing countries. Northern Iran is highly endemic area for these infections. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IPIs among people referred to the medical centers of the coastal cities in Guilan Province, Northern Iran.

In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, 1232 stool samples were collected during 2015-2017. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic characteristics, and stool examination was performed using direct slide smear, formalin-ether concentration, trichrome and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques. The results were analyzed using SPSS and Chi-square test.

The overall prevalence of IPs in our study was 17.8% (219/1232). The most common IP was Blastocystis sp. 154/1232 (12.59%), followed by Giardia lamblia 50/1232 (4.1%) and Entamoeba hartmani 45/1232 (3.7%). Out of the 219 positive patients, 82 (55.14%) and 137 (44.85%) were female and males, respectively. Regarding the socio-demographic variables, educational status (P=0.226), contact with domestic animals and soil (P=0.476), age years (P=0.78), Occupation (0.637) and Gender (P=0.417) were not significantly associated to IPIs.

In the past, parasitic infections were more prevalent in different parts of Iran. However, today it has declined indicating a significant improvement in level of individual hygiene, and environmental standards.

  Ischemia of skin flaps is an important complication in reconstructive surgery. This study evaluated the efficacy of topical vitamins A and E on improving flap survival. Twenty-four white-albino male rats were randomly divided into two groups of treatment and control. Standard rectangular, distally based dorsal random pattern skin flap was elevated. Intra-peritoneal cephazoline was administered to prevent any unexpected infection. No pharmaceutical agent was administered for the control group, but pure vaseline ointment. In treatment group, vaseline plus vitamins A and E were administrated daily after surgery for 10 days. The rats were evaluated on the 10th day after surgery for viable and necrotic portions of the flaps. The mean values of necrosis in the flaps were 625±189.56 and 920.00±247.31 in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Vaseline plus vitamins increased flap survival significantly. Topical vitamins A and E may be effective pharmaceutical agents to increase viability of random skin flaps in rats. They can be added to vasoactive topical agents to reach better results.

Telomeres are evolutionary, specialized terminal structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes containing TTAGGG repeats in human. Several human diseases have been known to be associated with dramatic changes in telomere length. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between the relative leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and infertility in a group of Iranian azoospermic males.
In this case-control pilot study, relative telomere length (RTL) of peripheral blood leukocytes from a total of 30 idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermic males and 30 healthy fertile males was evaluated using real-time PCR. RTL was calculated as T (telomere)/S (single copy gene) ratio and compared between infertile and fertile groups.
Patients with azoospermia showed significantly shorter RTL than fertile males (0.54 vs. 0.84, p Our findings demonstrated a probable association between telomere shortening and azoospermia in a population of Iranian infertile men affected by idiopathic azoospermia.

Early experience of clinical arena as first situations can be effective in selection or refusing medicine as profession is so important that programmers and administrators should consider these settings as one of the most elements in educational programs.
This study was a cross-sectional study and including presently studying students in medicine field of medical sciences universities. Sample size was estimated for 275 students. Participants were selected from schools of medicine: Iran University (IUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, and Islamic Azad University using stratified random sampling method. Data was collected in March of 2016 by a researcher made questionnaire determined its validity and reliability. Data was analyzed using chi-squared test, t-test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test.
Mean score of medical students’ attitude from 15 five-degree scale questions was 51.22 ± 6.32. The mean scores of attitude in men and women were 51.37±6.16 and 51.06±6.53, respectively (p=0.687). Overall, 13.8 % of students had positive attitude towards first contact with patient, 10.5 % of students had negative attitude and 75.6 % had no opinion. The mean scores of attitude towards first contact with patient in Iran university, Shahid Beheshti university and Islamic Azad university were 50.40±5.00, 52.71±5.91 and 46.12±5.97, respectively (p As respects more positive attitude of students in reformed educational system in comparison with old educational system, special attention to courses of early contact with patient may contribute to decreasing educational insufficiency and distance between theory and practice and lead to the satisfaction all of beneficiaries.

Leptin is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by adipose tissue. Considering the association between obesity and asthma, the current study aimed at investigating if leptin was in the pathway of obesity-asthma relationship in children and if it played a distinctive role in children with asthma and obesity versus the ones with obesity but without asthma.
The current case-control study was conducted on 23 children with asthma and obesity and 13 children with obesity but without asthma (body mass index ≥ 95%) aged 6 to 15 years from October 2011 to October 2012 in Mofid Children’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Group 1 included 23 children with asthma and obesity with a mean BMI of 24.3 kg/m2, while group 2, included 13 cases with obesity but without asthma and a mean BMI of 26.6 kg/m2. Both groups were evaluated for their serum leptin, triglyceride, cholesterol, and IgE mean levels. The serum leptin levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The results were analyzed with SPSS version 19. The Mann-Whitney test was employed to compare the results.
The mean serum leptin level in the children with asthma and obesity was 2.19 ng/mL and in the ones with obesity but without asthma was 2.85 ng/mL (P = 0.006). The mean serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the group 1 were 175.4 mg/dL and 189 mg/dL, respectively, while in the group 2 were 175.4 mg/dL and 226.2 mg/dL, respectively. A significant difference was observed in serum leptin levels between the children in groups 1 and 2 (P = 0.006), but surprisingly the increased leptin was detected in the group 2 subjects.
The current study findings indicated that serum levels of leptin were significantly higher in the cases with obesity but without asthma. Therefore, other cytokines appeared to play a role in the children with asthma and obesity.

Malarious areas in Iran are close to Afghanistan and Pakistan that urge the researchers to extend their knowledge on malaria epidemiology to the neighboring countries as well. Vectorial capacity differs at species or even at population level, the first essential step is accurate identification of vectors. This study aimed to identify Anopheles species composition in selected malarious areas of Afghanistan and Iran, providing further applied data for other research in two countries.
Adults Anopheles spp. were collected from four provinces in Afghanistan (Badakhshan, Herat, Kunduz, Nangarhar) by pyrethrum spray catch, hand collection methods through WHO/EMRO coordination and from Chaba­har County in Iran by pyrethrum spray catch method. Identification was performed using reliable identification key.
Totally, 800 female Anopheles mosquitos, 400 from each country were identified at species level. Anophe­les composition in Afghanistan was An. superpictus, An. stephensi and An. hyrcanus. Most prevalent species in Ba­dakhshan and Kunduz were An. superpictus, whereas An. stephensi and An. hyrcanus were respectively found in Nangarhar and Heart. Anopheles species in Chabahar County of Iran were An. stephensi, An. fluviatilis, An. culicifa­cies and An. sergentii. The most prevalent species was An. stephensi.
Current study provides a basis for future research such as detection of Plasmodium infection in col­lected samples which is on process by the authors, also for effective implementation of evidence-based malaria vec­tor intervention strategies.

BACKGROUNDDue to shortage of local donor tissue and unreliable blood supply, free flaps were the mainstay of treatment for tissue defects in the lower leg and foot region, but it requires a qualified microvascular surgeon. Recently, attention has been paid to reverse superficial sural artery flap (RSSAF) and its modifications as a good alternative to pave the way to simple and friendly techniques.
METHODSExcluding each patient with septic and severely ischemic foot, every patient with tissue defect in distal leg and proximal foot region were studied. Various methods were applied including spout technique with sufficient follow up. No imaging was used to evaluate the blood supply.
RESULTSFive patients underwent spout technique with excellent results in four cases. Spout technique in one case failed due to narrow base. In five cases, RSSAF was performed with creating skin tunnel and very good results.
CONCLUSIONRSSAF is a good alternative for free flap to cover the leg and foot tissue defects. We also advise wide base pedicle (>4 cm) in every patient.

In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) the bone marrow loses its ability in the differentiation and maturation of blood cells at different stages. Zinc and copper are important co-factors for several enzymes and play an important role in maintenance of DNA integrity. Changes in serum levels of zinc and copper have been found in lymphoproliferative disorders. In the present study, the aim was to compare serum levels of zinc, copper, vitamin D, and inflammatory markers after eight courses of chemotherapy.
Participants of this study included 30 ALL patients in the age range of 15 to 65 years. A 10 mL blood sample was taken before and after eight courses of chemotherapy. The concentration of Zinc, Copper, hs-CRP, vitamin D and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured.
There was a significant increase in serum zinc (121.7 ± 18.05 µg/dL before chemotherapy and 156.6 ± 25.00 µg/dL after chemotherapy) and a significant decrease in serum copper (661.9 ± 190.1 µg/dL before chemotherapy and 402.2 ± 93.5 µg/dL after chemotherapy) and a significant decrease in Malondialdehyde and serum vitamin D were observwd. Further, no significant differences were observed in hs-CRP after chemotherapy.
Results showed that chemotherapy could decrease the burden of disease by increasing serum zinc and decreasing serum copper.

Aim: Prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasites among children ? 12 years old in Nahavand county western Iran, was the objective of this search.
Intestinal parasites (IPs) are important health problems among most societies.
This cross sectional study was carried out during 6 months from April to September 2014 in Nahavand County western Iran. Fecal samples were collected from 500 children suffering from gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) and examined by macroscopy and microscopic (using saline and iodine wet mount, formalin-ether sedimentation, Trichrome and modified Ziehl Neelsen staining) methods. Finally, data was analyzed using Chi-square (Chi2) test and Fisher’s exact test as well as logistic regression.
21.8% (109/500) of the samples were infected by one or more IPs. The most common parasites were Blastocystis sp. (16.2%), followed by Cryptosporidium spp. (2.6%), Giardia lamblia (1.6%), and Entamoeba coli (1.6%). Prevalence of intestinal parasite infections were significantly associated with age (OR= 2.280; CI 95% = 1.375-3.830; P Blastocystis sp. was the most prevalent parasites among children in Nahavand County and Helminthes infection have been dramatically decreased. Our finding shown that gender, age, season and contact with domestic animals or soil polluted are main predictive factors for intestinal parasite infections among children in this region. Moreover, IPs infection among children with gastrointestinal disorders were significantly associated with diarrhea and vomiting or nausea signs.

Sharp injuries are very common among health care workers. They make injured worker concern and they need fallow up with diagnostic tests and preventive medications. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence of sharp injuries, locations and their main causes among medical and nursing students.
This was a cross-sectional study. Data was collected by a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics, frequency of sharp injuries, the ward that sharp injuries was occurred, locations of injury and reasons for them. Estimated content validity index and Reliability of questionnaire were 0.831 and 0.786. Data was analyzed by Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test using SPSS 16.
Findings: In 41.3% of students sharp injuries had been occurred at least once. The prevalence’s were 48.4% in medical and 28.3% in nursing students. 66% of medical students and 100% of nursing students had been received preventing information. Most injuries were occurred in the emergency and internal medicine wards. Indiscretions and distraction were the main causes of injuries. The second finger of left and right hand was the most common place of sharp injuries and the injury rate were 31% and 26% respectively.
This study showed a high prevalence of sharp injuries among medical and nursing students. Thus, to reduce the sharp injuries, precise educational programs are suggested. According to the results more injuries were happened in the second finger of both hands, strengthening of the gloves in these areas is recommended.

The aim of this study was to translate and validate the psychometric properties of the Quality of Life Kindl questionnaire.
Parents of 4-7 yr-old healthy and ill children referred to Mofid Children Hospital in Tehran in 2013, Iran were sampled randomly in two groups each of which 130 people. After translation, the questionnaie’s validity and reliability was evaluated and was confirmed for face and content validity. Questionnaire was also completed by two (one healthy and one ill) groups for which inclusion criteria included consent of the parents, age of the children being beween 4 and 7 yr, and presence of the child in a nursery school, kindergarten, school or any class at least for one month. Exclusion criteria were inability of the parents in answering the questions accurately. Inclusion criterion for the ill group was having chronic cardiac, neurologic, hematologic, or respiratory diseases, lasting longer than 3 months for which they were followed up in outpatient clinic in the hospital. The reliability of questionnaire was measured by the Cronbach’s alpha.
Data were analyzed using factor analysis, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test.
The reliability was 0.85 and 0.81 in healthy and ill groups, respectively. The results of factor analysis showed that each of eight subscales of questionnaire had acceptable construct validity. Only two of 52 questions of the questionnaire did not have proper correlation coefficient.
Quality of Life Kindl Questionnaire is a valid and reliable test for assessing healthy and ill children in Iran.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is one public health issue that affects both maternal and child health. This research studies the effect of health volunteers’ telephonebased support on decreasing PPD. This randomized controlled trial evaluated 203 women who had uncomplicated deliveries. The women completed the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), 10 to 15 days after childbirth in order to be assessed for pre-trial depression scores. The cut-off point for depression was considered to be a score of >10. We randomly assigned 54 eligible mothers (n=27 per group) with mild and moderate depression to the intervention and control groups. In both groups, mothers received routine postpartum care. The intervention group additionally received telephone support from health volunteers. A questionnaire was used to gather demographic and obstetric information. By the end of the 6th week, mothers completed the EPDS to be reassessed for depression after intervention. Data were analyzed using the chi-square, Fisher’s exact, t- and paired t tests. The mean depression scores before intervention (10 to 15 days after childbirth) in the intervention and control groups did not significantly differ (P=0.682). Depression scores of the intervention and control groups showed a significant difference after 6 weeks (P=0.035). In addition, there was a significant decrease in depression for the intervention and control groups (P=0.045). Health volunteer telephone-based support effectively decreased PPD and may be beneficial to women with symptoms of mild and moderate PPD (Registration number: IRCT201202159027N1).

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) cause serious public health problem in the world, especially those located in tropical and subtropical areas. This study was conducted with the aim of obtaining frequency of intestinal parasites in referred people to the Nahavand city laboratories, Hamadan province, western Iran. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among checkup individuals and patients referred to laboratories of Nahavand County. A total of 371 stool samples (150 from checkup individuals and 221 from patients) were selected by using systematic random sampling during summer 2014. The stool specimens were examined macroscopically, and microscopically by using direct slide smear (saline wet mount and lugol staining), formaldehyde - diethyl ether concentration, trichrome staining and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and Chi-square test. Ninety two patients (24.8%) were infected with single or multiple intestinal parasites. The overall prevalence of IPIs in checkup individuals and patients was 21.3% and 27.1%, respectively. The frequency of the observed intestinal parasites was: Blastocystis spp. 72 (19.4%), Entamoeba coli 7 (1/9%), Endolimax nana 7 (1/9%), Giardia lamblia 5 (1/3%), Cryptosporidium spp. 3 (0.8%), Entamoeba hartmanni 3 (0.8%), Entamoeba histolitica/E. dispar 1 (0.3%), Trichomonas hominies 1 (0.3%), Chilomastix mesnili 1 (0.3%), Iodamoeba butschlii 1 (0.3%) and Enterobius vermicularis egg l (0.3%). The proportion of observed protozoan parasites 91 (24.5%) is higher than helminthes infection 1 (0.3%). The worm infections in Nahavand city was dramatically decreased over the past decades, induced increases in public health at the community level. Blastocystis spp. was the predominant intestinal parasite in people referred to the Nahavand city laboratories. Proportion of pathogenic IPIs among patients 4.07% (9 of 221) was higher in compare to the checkup individuals in which only one out of 150 (0.66%) Giardia lamblia was observed.

research results of Iranian scientists in accredited journals. As the result, many research projects or dissertation findings remain unpublished. This study aimed to assess the quality of writing of the “results” section of some original articles published in Iranian Farsi and international English journals. This analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 dental articles published in 3 international English and 3 Iranian Farsi journals. Selection of journals was non-random but articles were selected randomly based on specific criteria. A checklist containing 32 criteria regarding general statistics, context of the results, statistical tests, tables, charts and graphs was prepared. Obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 10 using Fisher’s exact and chi square tests. Farsi articles met 64.1% and English articles met 65.8% of the checklist criteria. No significant difference was found in the quality of the results section of Farsi and English papers (P>0.05). Most papers did not provide adequate details in the results section to help readers better comprehend the subject.

The burned face involved with lip, chin and upper neck causes many problems in natural appearance. The treatment of drooped lip and disturbed cervicomental angle is difficult. The aim of this article is to introduce a new technique for recreation of this angle. In a clinical research 14 patients underwent to use a triangular fatty dermal flap and full thickness skin graft (FTSG) after releasing scar tissue. Wilcoxon test used to determine for correcting neck face angle. This study was conducted on 14 patients involved lower face, upper neck scar contracture. These patients gained a good functional and aesthetic result without complication. This study revealed a simple and reliable method in burned lower face, neck. It provides to restore movement and contour in spite of sever tissue deficiency for reconstruction.

Considering the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and its association with urinary tract infection in women and treatment of gynecologic problems occur when a high recurrence of bacterial vaginosis is often treated with antibiotics.. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on pathogenic bacteria isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis.. Ninety-six samples were obtained from vaginal discharge of women with bacterial vaginosis by a gynecologist with a Dacron swab and put in sterile tubes containing TSB broth and Thioglycollate broth. Then were immediately sent to the laboratory in cold chain for further assessment. Afterward, culture was transferred on blood agar, EMB, Palcam and differential diagnosis environments. Then cultures were incubated for 24 hours at 37 °C. Lactobacillus reuteri strains were cultured in MRS environment and transferred to laboratory. After purification of pathogenic bacteria, Lactobacillus reuteri inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and antibiogram. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software v.16.. The results of this study demonstrated the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on some pathogenic bacteria that cause bacterial, including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus, Listeria monocytogenes and E. coli. Microscopic examination of stained smears of most Lactobacillus and pathogenic bacteria showed reduced. The prevalence of abnormal vaginal discharge, history of drug use, contraceptive methods and douching were 61%, 55%, 42% and 13%, respectively. Significant difference was observed between the use and non-use of IUD in women with bacterial.. Our findings indicated the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on pathogenic bacteria that cause bacterial vaginosis. The results of this study confirmed the inhibitory effect of probiotics on pathogens growth that cause bacterial vaginosis, which can be considered in the prevention and treatment of bacterial vaginosis in further investigations..

Hypospadias is one of the common external genitalia disorders in children. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of closed and open urine discharge care on acute complications of hypospadias after repair operation. This controlled clinical trial study was done on children admitted to the Mofid children's hospital. Sample selecting method was random. 108 selected children were divided into two experimental (open) and control (closed) groups. Acute post-operative complications (bleeding at the surgical site, fever, positive urine culture, urinary catheter removal by patient, the urinary tract fistula and urethral stricture) were compared in two groups. Among all studied subjects in 60 children (55.5%) one or more acute post-operative complications were observed. There were significant differences between the frequency of urinary catheter removal by children in two studied groups (p<0.001). There was significant difference between received Acetaminophen (p=0.005), the number of urinary catheter washing (p=0.001), those with less than normal 24hour urine discharge the (p=0.196) and fixing time of the stent catheter in the urinary tract (p=0.001) between two groups. There is no significant difference in acute complications in open and closed urine discharge care method. However, open urine discharge method reduces “the number of urinary catheter removal by child”.

Considering the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and its association with urinary tract infection in women and treatment of gynecologic problems occur when a high recurrence of bacterial vaginosis is often treated with antibiotics. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on pathogenic bacteria isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis, respectively. 96 samples from women with bacterial vaginosis discharge referred to health centers dependent Shahid Beheshti University in 91-92 were taken by a gynecologist with a dacron swab and put in sterile tubes containing TSB broth and Thioglycollate broth and were immediately sent to the lab location in cold chain for the next stages of investigation. From Thioglycollate and TSB medium was cultured on blood agar and EMB and Palkam and Differential diagnosis environments, and then incubated for 24 h at 37°C. Strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus were cultured in MRSA environment and were transfered to the lab. After purification of pathogenic bacteria, MIC methods and antibiogram, Lactobacillus rhamnosus inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria is checked. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software v.16. The results of this study show the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on some pathogenic bacteria that cause bacterial vaginosis, including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Entrococcus, Listeria monocytogenes and E.Coli. Microscopic examination of stained smears of the large number of Lactobacillus and pathogenic bacteria showed reduced. The prevalence of abnormal vaginal discharge, history of drug use means of preventing pregnancy and douching, respectively, 61%, 55%, 42% and 13% respectively. Significant difference was observed between the use and non-use of IUD in women with bacterial vaginosis infection. Our findings indicated the Inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the pathogenic bacteria that cause bacterial vaginosis. The results of this study confirm the hypothesis of inhibit of pathogens growth that cause bacterial vaginosis supported by probiotics and can have beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of bacterial vaginosis.

Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in Iranian women, meanwhile the Iranian patients are relatively young. Granzyme H (GZMH) is a functional cytotoxic serine protease of NK cell granules, which expands the cell death-inducing repertoire of innate immune system. GZMH is constitutively and highly expressed in human NK cells, in order to possess chymotrypsin-like (chymase) enzymatic activity. The purpose of this study was to determine GZMH level, in BC and healthy women. 30 breast cancer patients, and 30 control women in premenopausal status, have participated in this study. GZMH, Estrogen levels, and ER,PR have been measured in cancer and healthy women subsequently, as using ELISA, Radioimmunoassay, and Immunohistochemistry methods. Mean GZMH value was lower in BC than healthy women (p<0.0001). our study has implicated suppressor existence, or the problem for producing of GZMH in patients group, and levels of estrogen that could not effect on making positive ER, PR.

Objective (s): The framework approach was developed in the 1980s as a method to manage and analyze qualitative data in applied policy research. The aim of this article is to introduce the Framework analysis for qualitative data analysis.

Electronic literature search was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, Ovid, ProQuest, and Google. Then relevant literature was retrieved and was reviewed.

A number of scientific evidences were identified. In general there were two types of papers: those applied framework analysis in healthcare and social investigations, and those explained about the framework analysis processes. The five steps of framework approach constitute a hierarchical thematic framework that is used to classify and organize data according to key themes, concepts and emergent categories.

The framework approach has become popular, especially among novice healthcare researchers, due to flexibility, easy and clear steps.

Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are members of the intracellular lipid binding protein (iLBPs) family and most of them show tissue specific expression. FABP9/PERF15 (Perforatorial15) is the male germ cell-specific fatty acid-binding protein. It was first identified as the major constituent of the murine sperm perforatorium and perinuclear theca. To date, investigations in mice have demonstrated that this protein has a role in the male reproductive system, especially in spermatogenesis. Also, it has been reported that FABP9 can protect sperm fatty acids from oxidative damage. Recently it was shown that it can affect sperm morphology in mice. Based on these findings, we designed a study to evaluate if mutations of this gene can affect sperm morphology in humans. In this case-control study, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 100 infertile males with normal sperm count but with a number of morphologically abnormal sperms in their semen that was above normal. Four exons and one intron of the FABP9 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), re-sequenced and then analyzed for mutation detection. We did not detect any mutation in any area of the four exons, intron 3 and splice sites of FABP9 gene in any of the studied 100 samples. There was no mutation in the exonic regions and the poor sperm morphology. However, we didn’t analyze the promoter, intron 1 and 2 to establish conclusions regarding the association of these genic regions and sperm dysmorphology.

Some studies suggest that detection of epileptic discharge is unusual during the first postictal week of febrile seizure and others believe that EEGs carried out on the day of the seizure are abnormal in as many as 88% of the patients. In thisstudy, we intend to compare early and late EEG abnormalities in febrile seizure. EEG was recorded during daytime sleep, 24-48 hours (early EEG) and 2 weeks (late EEG) after the seizure in 36 children with febrile seizure (FS), aged between 3 months and 6 years. EEGs that showed generalized or focal spikes, sharp, spike wave complex, and slowing were considered as abnormal EEG.Abnormalities of the first EEG were compared with those of second EEG.The most common abnormal epileptiform discharges recorded in the early EEG were slow waves (27.6%) and sharp waves in late EEG (36%). Distribution of abnormalities in early and late EEG showed no significant statistical difference.The early and late EEG recording had the same results in patient with febrile seizure.