f shabani

The ability to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy by piezoelectric materials makes them suitable alternatives to use in energy harvesters. So, the efficiency of a piezoelectric energy harvester is the main limitation. One of the desired approaches to increase efficiency is using a piezoelectric array in the harvester. In this paper, a numerical method has been used for the comparative study of series and parallel array behavior in different types of input force. The effect of input force type, frequency of input force, and type of array connection on energy harvester efficiency with the proposed design have been investigated. Numerical results have been verified with experiments. Results indicated that a series connection can produce 2.2 times the maximum voltage larger than a parallel connection. Also, they show that the input force shape function is the effective parameter for a piezoelectric energy harvester with an array structure. The results show a similar effect of the input force shape function on the behavior of piezoelectrics in both types of electric connections (parallel or series). In general, it can be seen that the waveform of the output voltage after applying the load with a square function was similar to its function. Also, the change in the parameters of the input force with the sinusoidal function causes a direct change in the same character of the generated voltage waveform.

The lateral bud death disorder in almond (cv. Shahroud 12) is observed in some replanted orchards in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary province. The abundance of plant parasitic nematodes, phytophthora species and zinc deficiency were more in trees with symptoms than the asymptomatic trees. Experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with seven treatments including pesticides like fluopyram (Velum Prime®; EC, 41.5%), Abamectin (Vertimec®; EC, 1.8%), Fosetyl-Al + Propamocarb (Previcur Energy®; SL, 840), Fosetyl-Al (Elite®; WDG, 80%), Diazinon (Bazodin®; EC, 60%) , Zinc sulfate (ZnSO4H2O, 33%) and control with five replications on Shahroud 12 cultivar almond trees along Zayandehrood during 2018-2020. A week before the application of chemical treatment and three months later, soil and root samples were collected for the measurement of plant-parasitic nematode population and isolation of Phytophthora species and the zinc content. Four branches per tree were selected from different directions, a week before the chemical treatment and five months later, and  healthy (containing leaf and fruit) and dead buds were counted. The results show the treatments of Velum Prime, Abamectin, Diazinon, Zinc sulfate, Previcor and Elite reduced the bud death and improved the disorder of the almond trees by 66.1%, 53.2%, 36.3%, 33%, 19.3% and 16.9%, compared with the control, respectively. Although compounds with nematicidal properties were more effective in improving this disorder; other treatments were also significantly different compared with control in terms of reducing the symptoms of bud death. The role of other factors in causing this disorder can not be ignored; therefore, the interactional effects of these factors in causing or exacerbating  the symptoms of  bud death of almond (Shahroud 12 cv.) may be more effective than a single cause alone.

Particulate separation has many applications in medicine, biology and industry. In this research, the separation of polystyrene particles with a diameter of 10, 20 and 30 μm in the fluid flow of a microchannel is investigated. The microchannel consists of a spiral region and a straight region under the influence of acoustic waves. In the spiral region, the particles under hydrodynamic effects undergo the initial separation; then the particles enter the straight region of the microchannel, and the final separation of the particles is done by the force generated and exerted through the acoustic waves. The effects of acoustic frequency and the number of spiral region loops on separation are investigated. The results show that for measured dimensions and parameters, at 1 MHz acoustic wave, when the number of loops is 2 for the spiral region, the particles at the end of the path are in a suitable position for separation. In addition, the results show that the separation of particles with this hybrid system is better than that done by the simple methods, and the separation rate can be as high as 100%

Many changes of female reproductive system are based on the vascular activity and blood flow. In ovarian follicular development, re-anastomosis is critical and permits cells and oocytes to utilize nutrients as well as the hormones. Moreover, it plays a main role in corpus luteum formation. Female reproductive system undergoes several angiogenesis programs which are considered essential in order to reach a follicle to preovulatory stage and to set up a network between granulosa cells and blood vessels through the theca layer. Up to the first 3 days after transplantation and reanastomosis start, a large number of follicles especially advanced types, begin an early death due to their severe dependence on nutrients of blood supply. Loss of the nutritional sources of granulosa cells leads to a decrease in survival and supporting factors and thus, cell death increases. Considering the importance of this issue, the present study intends to investigate the activity of angiogenic and apoptotic factors in transplanted ovarian tissue.

Lower-red, Qom and Upper-red Formations with Pliocene conglomerates were all folded in Shurab syncline containing northwest-southeast axial trace in southeast Qom city. In the southeastern part of the northern limb of the Shurab syncline, gypsum and marl elastic units of the Qom Formation have played a detachment surface role against the most competent layers of the Upper- red Formation due to high competency contrast. Rock units of the Qom Formation were thickened and locally folded with about north-northeast orientation in the southeastern part of the northern limb of the Shurab syncline. The thickening and folding in this part of the Shurab syncline is interpreted as the shearing process which has been produced in a shear zone initiated between the detachment surface and the Qom fault segment in the northern part of the Shurab syncline that was activated by right-lateral strike-slip displacement of the Qom fault in post Miocene.