f. fotouhi

Ascorbic Acid (AsA) is a water-soluble antioxidant that makes plants resistant to environmental stresses by neutralizing free radicals. However, it is unknown to what extent this antioxidant may help Improve Irrigation Water Use Efficiency (IWUE) and reduce the adverse effects of water deficit on mung bean growth and yield. In an attempt to clarify whether exogenous application of this antioxidant could alleviate the adverse effects of water deficit on mung bean plants, two seasons (2019 and 2020) of field experiments were conducted using twelve combinations of three AsA levels (distilled water as a control and 10 and 20 mM of AsA) and four irrigation water amounts (25, 50, 75, and 100% of the plant water requirement). Based on the results, the maximum IWUE was obtained with W50AsA20 in the two seasons. The beneficial effect of AsA application on IWUE was determined under water stress conditions (W50). High water deficit (W50) plus applying 20 mM ascorbic acid, i.e. W(50)AsA(20) treatment, improved seed yield about 43.7% as in the two seasons compared to high water deficit without ascorbic acid, i.e. W(50)AsA(0). In 2019 and 2020, water saving in W(50)AsA(20) compared to the control, was equal to 50% (2,550 and 2,500 m3 ha-1, respectively). In W(50)AsA(20) treatment, the increase of seed yield ranged between 79-107% in both seasons. Thus, the results reveal the potency of AsA to save water under low water supply and increase yield in mung bean fields.

Implementing informed strategies along with changing the attitude of general dentists can lead to many improvements in child behavioral management skills. . Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the attitude of general dentists toward pediatric behavior guidance techniques

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 160 dental practitioners in Yazd city in 2018 were randomly selected and the attitude of them regarding pediatric behavior guidance techniques Collected by a valid and reliable set up questionnaire about five non-pharmacological and two pharmacological pediatric behavioral management techniques. Data were analyzed by SPSS23 software, and T-test.

There was a significant difference between the mean scores of attitude of men and women in using " hand-over-mouth " method (P = 0.034) and also in "sedation" method (P = 0.035) and " General Anesthesia  "(P = 0.041) There was a significant difference between the mean attitude score of under 35 years old and over 35 years old groups. Using behavioral control techniques among  general dentists who visit less than 10 children per month with general dentists who visit more than 10 children per month in attitude toward using voice control methods (P = 0.008), Positive reinforcement (P = 0.002) Tell-Show-Do (P = 0.016) General anesthesia (P = 0.029) There was a statistically significant difference.

the most acceptable methods for behavior guidance in children were Tell-Show-Do, positive reinforcement, general anesthesia, and sedation. Respectively female general dentist were more inclined to use non-invasive methods, and younger general dentists tended to use non-pharmacological methods.

Fear of dentistry known as a key factor in preventing children from referring to the dentist even delaying or cancelling dental appointments. In this regard the aim of this study was to identify the fear of dental dentistry in 3-8 years old children referring to pediatric dentistry department of Shahid Sadoughi dental school of Yazd and to compare the two aged groups in 2015-2016.

In this study, 158 children aged 3–8 years referred to pediatric dentistry were selected and Questionnaire (CFSS-DS) was used to assess fear and anxiety and Frankel was used to assess child behavior. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and T-test

The study was conducted on 158 children. Of these children, 124 (78.5%) ranged in age from 3 to 6 years and 34 (21.5%) ranged in age from 6 to 8 years, 92 (58%) boys and 66 (42%) girls and 112 (71%) had dental treatment history and 45 (29%) had no dental treatment history. The mean CFSS-DS scale score in the children under study was 45.60±10.55with a minimum of 21 and a maximum of 66 and the mean of the Frankel scale was 2.71±1.65with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 4.Results showed a significant correlation between CFSS-DS score and Frankel scale score with age variable (significant negative correlation with CFSS-DS
(r=-0.334, p=0.000) and significant positive correlation with Frankel (r=0.258, p=0.001)).

It seems that dental treatment in 3-8 year old children is associated with fear and stress and children's attitude towards dental practice is neutral (between positive and negative) and increasing age is the only factor affecting them. Reduce children's fear and stress and make their attitudes positive.