فهرست مطالب f. kalantari

Russia's main strategy over the past years has been to prevent NATO's advance and influence to the east and Russia's close security environment and prevent Ukraine from joining the European Union. Based on this, during a special operation, which is considered a preventive measure from the Kremlin's point of view, to prevent future threats, the war between Russia and Ukraine began. The main goal of the research is to analyze the characteristics, scenarios and goals of the war between Russia and Ukraine in the formation of the new world order. The type of research is applied and it has been done in a systematic, descriptive-exploratory qualitative method, the method of collecting data is documentary and library and interviews with 10 experts. According to the findings of the research, the features of war are described in 9 different categories, the war between Russia and Ukraine is erosive and both countries are practically caught in the swamp of war. What happened to Ukraine today is the result of trusting the West. Russia followed three maximum, medium and minimum goals in this war, which has reached the minimum goal, which is to control the Donbas region. The research results show that the war between Russia and Ukraine has 35 special features. Russia has won the minimum war in terms of military form, but it has failed from the point of view of the "War of Narratives". Ukraine's military doctrine is shifting from "defensive to deterrence and becoming offensive." Russia's military doctrine has changed from "offensive to defensive" in some areas. The primary result of this war is the formation of the multipolar order and the end of the unipolar order centered on America

Due to its geopolitical characteristics and strategic importance of the Persian Gulf area in multiple military, political and economic fields, It has always been one of the main centers of international politics and geopolitical interests of countries as a concept for explaining and pursuing their national interests in geographical contexts. In this regard, due to the special (illegitimate) characteristics at the time of its establishment, the Zionist regime has repeatedly drawn policies to increase the vital space and pursue its interests in order to realize geopolitical interests. One of the geographical bases of this regime's goal from the beginning has been the geopolitical area of the Persian Gulf, which with recent developments has increased the hopes of that regime to implement its primary goals in the direction of influence in this region. With these preliminaries, this study seeks to answer the main question, what are the geopolitical interests of the Zionist regime in the Persian Gulf region? In this regard, It uses mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) and through presenting a questionnaire to the statistical population of 39 experts from the Persian Gulf and West Asia, while coding the questionnaires using spss software. The most important geopolitical interests of the Zionist regime in the Persian Gulf were prioritized as follows: overcoming its strategic geographical isolation in the region,diversification and expansion of the technology export market to the Persian Gulf countries,creating strategic depth in the Persian Gulf area,expanding intelligence-security cooperation with the sheikhdoms of the Persian Gulf under the cover of communication-information exchanges against the Islamic Republic of Iran, dominating the water resources of the Persian Gulf through the establishment of water desalination sources in the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf and monitoring the strategic water area.

In land management, regulating the human relationship and human activities in space is a holistic, comprehensive and long-term approach to planning. By carrying out provincial planning, obstacles, problems and potential capabilities in various socio-economic and spatial fields of the country will be revealed. This study seeks to identify geographical, environmental and spatial factors affecting economic, political, military, cultural and environmental activities affecting the territorial planning of the northern provinces. The main purpose of this study is to explain the typology of land management in the northern provinces. This research is of applied and developmental type and has been done in a historical and descriptive method. The statistical population is 86 people and data collection has been done in two ways, field method and library method. Data were entered into SPSS software and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The questions of the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques and 7 components with 103 factors affecting the territorial planning of the northern provinces were obtained. Defense-security with 13 factors, geography with 19 factors, population with 15 factors, environmental with 16 factors, political with 15 factors, economic with 15 factors and cultural with 18 factors.

Geopolitical factors have impact on Islamic Republic of Iran’s defense strategy including all factors in the framework of geography, politics and power. Based on literature, geopolitical factors are consisted of six categories namely natural, human and cultural, economic, political, military and scientific and technological. This paper only focuses on the military factor. The research was carried out as a type of applied developmental one based on field case study methodology. Data collection was through fieldwork and deskwork with a sample size of 73 which were analyzed using expert analysis methods. The aim of this research is achieving the role of military geopolitical factors in defense and security strategy of Islamic Republic of Iran originated from Iraq. Iraq is not a threat for Iran presently. The main enemies are USA and Takfiri terrorist groups who threaten Iran using the space and geography of Iraq. The conclusions imply that 21 military geopolitical factors have impact on Iran’s defense strategy in the framework of strengthening, weakening, opportunistic and threatening context. Data analysis shows that 4 factors have role but are not effective, 3 factors have both features simultaneously. After calculation of strategic positioning it was concluded that Islamic Republic of Iran is in the mild aggressive position. Using the opportunities and strengths the weaknesses and threats can be overcame.

The aim of this study was investigate the role of mediator emotional-behavioral problems in relation to the perception of inter-parental conflict and attitude to drug use.

The study is description and Structural Equation Modeling; the population of the study is All high school students of Qods town located in Tehran Province. Sample size is 600 students selected by multistage random sampling. The data were gathered through, perception of inter-parental conflict scale, Youth Self Report Inventory and attitude to drug use scale. In the present study, the criteria for entering the age of 13-17 years and studying in one of the secondary schools of the first or second moderate period and the criteria for the withdrawal of parents' divorce and the death of the father or mother was considered.

The results of structural equation modeling analysis showed the theoretical model of emotional-behavioral problems as a mediator variable in relation to inter-parental conflict and substance abuse from the model was a good fit indices with the data (df/d2χS-B= 2/71, CFI= 0/98 ،GFI=0/94, RMSEA= ،0/049). Also In this model Indirect path between of inter-parental conflict to tend to substance abuse With mediator emotional-behavioral problems significant (t-value= 9/14,β= 0/42) and direct path to conflict between parents tend to use substances not significant Obtained; So it can be said that mediation is a relatively significant. The results obtained from research on trends in drug prevention in schools and related institutions could be fruitful. However, it can be formulated when setting the treatment and therapy, family conflicts and emotional and behavioral problems as a risk factor to be considered and used in clinical interviews.

The countries following multifaceted passive defense strategies in the frame of strike-defense and non-striking defense less face threats. In the same vein, this study aims to clarify the role and position of passive defense in the defensive strategy of the IR of Iran. Accordingly, it makes up a population of 220 experts out of which 67 are put into access upon Cochran Formula in an objective relativity. Following, it gathers data on desk and survey and analyses them by means of Likert Spectrum. The outcome of the study reveals that the adoption of multifaceted defensive strategies besides increasing the survivability and immunizing the IRI system in front of multifaceted and technological threats, sustains and fortifies the security-defense constituents in the face f hostile attacks. Furthermore, the mass participation in enforcement of defense plans could be effective in defense power and total deterrence.

This study aimed to describe the principles of Basij`s doctrine, and its type is functional and it was conducted by field- case method. The statistic population is 230 that according to estimates of experts, we used Cochran formula and for determining the sample size to 69 people. The results indicate that the approved principles are the most fundamental principles that include 12 principles. The Basij`s doctrine caused from the valli-faghih intellectual basis and defense and security doctrine, that it located in the highest level of the organization. The Principles of Basij`s Doctrine is according to the conditions and requirements of flexible and dynamic, so is the fittest that the Basij`s organizational planning is done according to the doctrine`s principles. Basij is the objective and organized symbol of people attend to defend the country and so I.R. Iran`s deterrence is based on popular resistance and Basij is at the heart of the defense strategy.

Diarrhea is one of pediatric infectious diseases, which is the most frequent cases of child mortality. Diarrhea is a health problem in Iran; nearly 70 thousand children were died from diarrhea. Several bacterial agents can cause diarrhea, one of them is Campylobacter jejuni, which is less considered. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of Campylobacter jejuni in Semnan diarrheic children.

Stool samples were collected from diarrheic children who refer to Amiralmomenin hospital, Shafa hospital and hygiene centers of Semnan and these children did not receive any antibiotic treatment at the beginning of the study. A swab was inoculated in Stuart medium and transferred to clinical laboratory of Semnan hygiene center. The swab was inoculated on Preston blood free campylobacter agar and incubated at 42oC for 48 hours. In order to bacterial identification, gram stain, catalase, oxidase, lack of H2S production in TSI, susceptibility to Nalidixic acid, resistance to Cephalotin and Hyporate hydrolysis were used. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer method.

From 276 stool specimens (38.5% females and 61.5% males), Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 27 cases (9.8%; 44.4% females and 55.6% males). The most susceptibility was seen for Erytromycin (92.6%), and the most resistance was observed for Cotrimoxazole (44.4%).

In this study, the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni was more than other studies. Therefore, notification to Campylobacter jejuni in patient treatment and bacterial transmission prevention is necessary in this area.