f. panahi

Plasma egg yolk (PEY), due to simple preparation and easier access, could be a suitable alternative to raw egg yolk for preserving canine semen.

The present study investigated suitable concentrations of PEY and glycerol for preservation of canine semen.

Semen was collected by digital manipulation (seven replicates from four dogs). Following initial raw semen evaluation, the semen was diluted in a tris-based extender supplemented with varying concentrations of chicken PEY (0, 20, and 40% v/v) and glycerol (3%; v/v). After cooling the specimen to 4°C within 1 h, the specimens were diluted with an equal volume of freezing extender consisting of similar concentrations of chicken PEY and 0 and 7% glycerol to reach the final glycerol concentration of 1.5 and 5% for short-term storage of canine semen. Samples with different concentrations of PEY and 5% glycerol were frozen. The sperm viability parameters including total motility, progressive forward motility, plasma membrane integrity, and live percentage of sperm were assessed following short and long-term storage.

Sperm viability parameters of semen extended in an extender supplemented with 20 or 40% chicken PEY with either 1.5 or 5% glycerol remained superior until 72 h after semen collection compared to the specimen that did not receive any PEY (P<0.05). Post-thaw sperm viability was also greater in samples extended in extender supplemented with either 20 or 40% PEY compared to 0% PEY.

Tris-based extender supplemented with either 20% chicken PEY could be suitable for short and long-term preservation of canine semen.

This study aimed to determine entrance surface dose (ESD), calculate effective dose (ED), organ dose, and local dose  levels in three general hospitals of Khorramabad in common diagnostic radiographic examinations, including Chest and Skull.

Exposure parameters and data of 110 patients were collected during 6 months. In this study, three radiological devices including Shimadzu R-20, Mehran Teb DMT II and Varian Rad-8, were evaluated. Four radiographic views, including Chest posterior-anterior and lateral projections (PA/LAT), and Skull PA/LAT were also assessed. The index used for comparison and measurement of radiation dose was ESD measured using thermo luminescent dosimeter (TLD). In this study, a pc program for X-ray Monte Carlo (PCXMC) software was used to calculate the organs’ dose and effective dose.

The results obtained show that there is a significant relationship between mAs and kVp changes with ED and ESD values. ESD range in Chest PA, Chest LAT, Skull PA, and Skull LAT examinations were 0.1075-0.8844, 0.2059-2.2997, 0.0729-1.44, and 0.03478-1.15 mGy, respectively. In this study, the mean ESD estimated was lower than the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) recommended by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), the Commission of Europian Communities (CEC), and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), but the ED calculated was relatively higher than other studies.

A combination of experimental and simulation methods usually makes the accuracy of the dose estimates more reliable. The mean ESD estimated in this study is lower than the DRL published by NRPB, CEC, and IAEA. Also the published ED is almost more than other studies. The results of this study are used to optimize the dose level of patients.

The fabrication of polypropylene composites using various types of reinforcements to improve the mechanical properties has received much attention in recent years. In this paper, enhancing the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites by adding different classes of natural and synthetic particle and fiber reinforcements were reviewed. Accordingly, it was found that the fabrication of polypropylene composites leads to an increase either in the strength of samples and corresponding mechanical properties. Moreover, surface modification and processing reinforcements, especially natural fibers via chemical and physical methods were studied. The results show an increase in the adhesion of reinforcements surface inside the polypropylene, which results in strength enhancement and improving the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites. The evidence from this study points towards the idea that the increased use of modified natural fibers in polylropylene composites and those natural or synthetic reinforcements which form hybrid composites provide promising research topics in the future.

Trend analysis of climatic variables has got a great deal of notice from researchers recently. This study aimed to investigate the Spatio-temporal variability of extreme temperature indices based on the station data and gridded dataset analyses over the Bakhtegan-Maharloo basin in Iran from 1980 to 2010.

Climatic data related to the Bakhtegan-Maharloo basin was extracted from AgMERRA dataset for the study period (1980-2010) using R software. Daily temperature data were also extracted from the Meteorological Archive of meteorological stations located in the basin during the study period. Warm nights (TN90p), maximum monthly value of daily minimum temperature (TNx), cold nights (TN10p), and cold spell duration indicator (CSDI) indices had been chosen from the indices recommended by the Expert Team for Climate Change Detection Monitoring and Indices (ETCCDMI) and calculated by RClimDex software package.

The results of AgMERRA and stations data revealed an increasing trend in warm extremes including TN90p and TNx with the trend changes ranging from 0.135 to 0.721 and 0.061 to 0.139, respectively, but a declining trend in cold extremes including TN10p and CSDI with the trend changes ranging from -0.517 to -0.125 and -0.987 to -0.167, respectively.

The results of this study may contribute to a better understanding of regional temperature behavior in the study area. The results indicated that the frequency and intensity of cold extremes have declined, though warm extremes increased. Due to the intensive impacts of temperature extremes on human life, it is essential to speculate the effects of these extreme climatic events in future plannings in various sections.

Arctium lappa is a medicinal plant of Asteraceae. Seeds have a little germination due to seed dormancy. In order to break dormancy and increase the germination of its seeds an experiment with 28 treatments in a completely randomized design with four replications (25 seeds). Treatments were consisting of chemical scarification with sulfuric acid solution 98% for 10 and 20 min, hormone treatments of 24 and 48 hours of Gibberellic acid (GA3) (300 & 500 ppm), moist prechilling for 7 and 14 days at +5 °C temperature, and combined moist prechilling and hormonal treatments, hot water (70 °C, for 10 and 15 min.) humic acid (54 kg/L). Results showed that the effect of treatments on percentage and rate germination of Arctium lappa was significant (P≤%5). The maximum coleoptile length, radicle length, seedling length, germination percentage and germination ratio was related to 14 days moist prechilling treatment with GA3 (500 ppm- 48h) (98/78 %). On the basis of the results and with regard to the negative effect of H2SO4 and hot water on the consequential growth of seedlings, usage of 14 days moist prechilling accompanied with application of GA3 was appropriate.

From February to March 2010, 4 lambs with GI tract disorders and sudden death were reffered to Mardabad Hospital of veterinary faculty, University of Tehran. In necropsy, macroscopic findings were valvular and epicardial petechiae and ecchymoses,myocardial paleness ,mucosal gastritis, petechiae and ecchymoses with heavy milk clotsin abomasum, hydrothorax,hemopricardium and yellow fibrinus clots in abdominal cavity. Cysticercosis,cerebraland renal lesions, pericardial vegetative red masses ,pulmonary atelectasis, hepatic scirrosis and fibrosis with parasitic migration lines were other observations. In Bacteriological tests, in abomasum, spleen and kidney E-coli wasisolated and so in intestinal contents, E-coli and c.perfringens wre isolated.