f. salmani

Humans, as social groups, are always interacting with each other to meet their needs. Today, this interaction has encountered with many challenges, with one being the extreme preference of individual and personal interests and ignoring collective ones. In Iranian society, this problem has a long history, but now it has become acute. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the causes of preference of individual over collective interests in everyday life of citizens in Tehran. The survey sample size was estimated to be 385 people through Cochran's formula, and the required data was collected through multi-stage cluster sampling method from regions 1, 7, 11, 14 and 20 of Tehran in the winter of 2019. The explanation was also based on the concepts taken from culture-base theories of Parsons (affective neutrality), Merton (reference group and innovation) and Homans (stimulus proposition) and their synthesis. For this purpose, bivariate and multivariate tests were used. The findings showed that even in the traumatic situation of Covid-19, when according to Durkheim's theories, people should always prioritize collective interests over individual ones; a considerable number of respondents (94%) prioritized individual interests. They prefer collective interests, with market place shrewdness attitude and culture playing a major role. Specifically, it became clear that the higher the emotional neutrality, higher the tendency to reference groups, tendency to innovation, and tendency to stimulus, the preference of individual interests over collective interests.

Dairy products are important groups in diets. Consumption of dairy products decreases risks of breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases and stroke and controls blood pressure. This study was carried out to assess consumption status of functional dairy products based on the stages of change model in female employees of Birjand, Iran.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 534 female employees of Birjand were selected using stratified sampling method. Study tool included a standard questionnaire on the stages of changing consumption of functional dairy products. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.19, descriptive statistical test and logistic regression test
(p < 0.05).

The mean age of women was 40.32 y ±7.6. Based on the model of stages of change, the highest quantity of consumption of functional dairy products was associated to low-fat yogurt with 54.3% and the lowest quantity of consumption was associated to iron-enriched milk with 11.2%. In total, 35.74% of women consumed functional dairy products. Regression analysis showed that age, level of education and people's familiarity with functional dairy products and purchasing from hypermarkets were predictors of functional dairy consumption behaviors in women.

Findings showed that people's level of familiarity, age and level of education, as well as purchasing from hypermarkets predicted consumption behaviors of functional dairy products. Because the two factors of purchasing from the hypermarkets and people's familiarity with these foods included the ability to change and be affected by educational intervention, it is possible to increase the quantity of functional dairy products by designing and implementing educational interventions.

The number of new cancer cases in the world and in developing countries such as Iran is still growing. Success in early detection of cancer largely depends on people’s awareness of the early warning signs of cancers. This study aimed to determine the level of women's awareness about the warning signs of cancers and its association with demographic and clinical characteristics.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 160 women referred to the four health centers affiliated with the Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The data were obtained using two researchers-made questionnaires, including demographic-clinical characteristics questionnaire and questionnaire of awareness for cancer signs.

The mean age of women in this study was 29.9 ± 7.1 years. According to the results, over 50% of women were not aware of five signs out of 10 warning signs of cancer. More than half of the women (56.2%) had a low level of awareness and poor knowledge of cancer warning signs. The results of linear regression analysis showed that only the women's level of education was significantly associated with their awareness of the warning signs of cancer (p =0.007, β =0.28). In total, 11% of the variations in women's awareness of the warning signs of cancer were predicted by this variable.

considering the low level of knowledge of women about the warning signs of cancers, there is an important need for community/ public health nurses in the community. In addition, the findings reinforce need for implementing intervention programs from school phase to adulthood supported by health policy makers.

The purpose of the present study was to study factors associated with domestic discordances through a survey method. Collins’s theory was the theoretical framework of the study. A sample of 30 couples referred to the courts of Bastak participated in this study. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Its face validity was evaluated by sociologists and its Cronbach’s Alpha was assessed to be 0. 94. A use was made of SPSS tocodify، extract and analyze data. Statistical analyses included univariate analysis (descriptive statistics)، and bivariate analysis (t-test، spearman correlation coefficient، one-way ANOVA). The results of the study suggested that there was a significant relationship between variables such as marriage age، couple’s education، couple’s job، couple’s romantic relationship، families’ interference، and the partner’s mental illness anddomestic discordances.