faeghe zaree

Around the globe, tobacco use is a major risk factor that is associated with diseases, especially noncontagious diseases. Iran has not been an exception and has witnessed an exponential growth in tobacco use. This rising trend motivated the present study to explore the correlates of tobacco use in the south of Iran in Hormozgan Province.

This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2017 on 4,872 residents of Hormozgan who were selected through multi-stratified cluster sampling. The data were collected by researcher-made questionnaires which were analyzed in SPSS 19. A logistic regression analysis was run to find the foremost correlates of tobacco use.

The findings indicated that 1,085 (22.3%) of the sample used tobacco. Based on the obtained data, 25.1% and 20.3% of participants were males and females, respectively. The major correlates of tobacco use were found to be masculinity, higher age (P < 0.001), citizenship (P < 0.001), and low education level (P < 0.001). The unemployed or those with simple jobs showed a higher tendency to use tobacco compared to the more professional (P < 0.001). Finally, single participants demonstrated a higher rate of using tobacco in comparison with married ones (P < 0.001).

Significant differences were found between rural and urban residents, those with low and high education levels, men and women, the unemployed and employed participants, as well as the single and married ones. Accordingly, considering effective factors accounting for these divergences and designing effective interventions can help moderate the effect of these factors in controlling tobacco use in the future in Hormozgan.

Herpes simplex virus is a very common cause of sexually transmitted diseases and can cause serious harmful effects in neonates infected in prenatal stage. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 herpes viruses in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia in Bandar Abbas using Multiplex PCR. This descriptive and cross-sectional conducted on 110 pregnant women referred to laboratory of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas. In this study, 5 ml of blood from each pregnant women was taken and transferred to the lab for microbiological testing. After DNA extraction, replication was performed using PCR method. Variables such as age, pregnancy status, and so on were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation). The mean age of the subjects was 29.19 years. In total, 10 cases had type 1 and 3 had type 2 herpes virus infection. In no case, both types of the virus was detected. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of herpes virus in the subjects was 11.81. Considering the increasing trend of high-risk behaviors and sexually transmitted diseases such as genital herpes in the community, education, rising awareness, and support of pregnant women and the preparation of a clinical and laboratory screening program is recommended for prevention of such diseases.

Health literacy refers to the ability to obtain, process, understand basic information and services needed for proper health decision making. Considering the importance of mother's health literacy in their own health and their children, this study aimed to determine the health literacy of pregnant women and some related factors in pregnant women referred to Minab health centers in 2016.
This cross-sectional study was a descriptive-analytic study which was performed on 430 pregnant women referred to the health centers of Minab city. Data was collected using adult functional health literacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests.
In the current study, the mean age of the subjects was 27 ± 6.3 years. Health literacy was 58.9% of the mothers and 17.37% of the border. In this study, there was a significant relationship between the health literacy of the number of children and the place of residence and family income. There was no significant statistical relationship between health literacy and maternal education.
In general, the results of this study showed that the level of maternal health literacy was borderline. Therefore, pregnant women who have a borderline and undesirable health literacy should be provided with simple and understandable visual and oral education in addition to written teaching materials. Designed and used in the form of posters, pamphlets and brochures.

According to the report of World Health Organization, The prevalence of foodborne diseases is one of the nutritional problems of the world. Pastries are good environment for microbial growth because of the ingredients and conditions of production and maintenance. The purpose of this study was to identify microbial contaminations from wet and dry sweets in Sirjan.
300 wet and dry pastries samples were prepared from the confectionary units of Sirjan completely randomly and according to the national standard of Iran, the rate and type of microbial contamination were investigated. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA statistical test and SPSS software.
In this research we can mention to high contamination of wet sweets in spring was related to Bacillus, Mildew, Yeast (19/59 %) and in the summer season yeast (26.6%) and in dry sweets in the spring, Mildew (25.27%) In summer, Yeast and Bacillus (23.94%). The most common cause of this research is yeast, which indicates over-storey sweets in stores and poor storage and transportation conditions.
According to the results of this study, The contamination of wet and dry pastries is high in bacteria, as well as Mildew and Yeasts and Bacillus. Therefore, seems necessary using different ways to control microbial corruption, especially the growth of bacteria and Mildew, including the use of healthy and hygienic raw materials and promoting the level of health awareness of those involved in the preparation and distribution of these products.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anabolic steroids abuse and awareness of its side-effects among athletes, body builders
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 277 randomly selected males, referred to 20 body building club in Bandar Abbas, Iran. A self-administered questionnaire applied for related data gathering. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 19, descriptive and analytical analysis, and chi square test.
Athletes’ mean age was 27.9(±7.9) years and most of them had education of university level (51.4%). In general, 44.4% of participants had used anabolic steroids at least one time and around 32 percent were current consumer
The most common anabolic steroids were diyanabol (25.2%), dorabolin and testestron (13.0%), stanazol (12.2%), anadrol and oksinandral (8.9 %). The main reasons for taking this medication were beautiful physique (43.5%), body power (18.3%) and achieve championship (16.8%). The most common side effects related to using the anabolic steroids that they declared were breast enlargement (48.9%), liver symptoms (48.6%), psychological disorders (38.8%), akne (37.7%), heart diseases (33.3%), sexual problems (31.9%) and urinary problems (23.6%). There was a significant relationship between athletes’ age and anabolic steroids abuse (p = 0.04). The findings of this indicating that anabolic steroids abusing seems to be increased and become a public health concern and the awareness of it is not satisfied as well, that implies the need to implement educational programs by health care professionals and sport specialists.