farahnaz mohamadi

Due to the aging population and the relatively high cost of health care, it is important to have screening programs . ISAR screening tool aimed at seniors who are at risk of readmission to the emergency center is designed.
Aim of this research was evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Persian version of the tool "identify older people at risk in emergency centers (ISAR)" in the ELDERLY Iran.
This was a prospective descriptive study. The number of initial sample of 190 people aged over 60 years were available for selection and were enrolled in emergency departments in Sabzevar. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, tools ISAR, Barthel Index and GHQ-12 questionnaire at time intervals of 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after discharge samples collected by the software SPSSv-21 and draw ROC curve analysis and statistical analysis to examine the best cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity were ISAR tool.
The sensitivity and specificity of 85% and 75% for 2≤ cut-off point was assessed. AUC ROC (85/0), confirms the high differentiation power of the tool in identifying older people at risk.
ISAR tool is good in Iranians sensitivity and specificity And can be used as a valid tool to identify elderly people at risk of readmission to the emergency centers, geriatric assessment tests in the list of Iran.

Academic burnout results from mental fatigue and students uninterested to education is affected by various factors. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship betweengoal orientation and perception of classroom goal structure and parents goal orientation with academic burnout among kermanshahhigh school female students in the academic year 2014-2015. Methods This study is a correlation research.By using Morgan table, 375 students are randomly selected byMulti-stage sampling. Four standard questionnaires were used including, School-Burnout Inventory (SBI) and Patterns of adaptive learning scale (PALS). Data analysis was performed by SPSS-19. Results analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient has been clarified; between mastery goal orientation, performance-approach goal orientation, classroom mastery goal structure, classroom performance-approach goal structure, parent performance goal with academic burnout there are significant differences (P

Fatigue is the most common symptom of multiple sclerosis and the most common complaint in elderlies¡ which reduces the quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of slow stroke back massage on fatigue in elderly patients with multiple sclerosis living in Kahrizak Charity Foundation in 2014.
This was a quasi-experimental study¡ with one group before and after. The population consisted of 18 elderly male and female residents in Kahrizak Charity Foundation. Available sampling was performed based on the inclusion criteria¡ and for each individual¡ slow stroke back massage was applied for 20 minutes¡ in even days during a four-week period. Questionnaires were provided for demographic information and a questionnaire was used to assess fatigue. Fatigue was measured three times; before the intervention¡ at the end of the sixth session¡ and at the end of the twelfth session. Data Analysis was performed by SPSS version 16¡ and the statistical tests of Shapiro-Wilkes¡ repeated ANOVA and Friedman¡ Wilcoxon and Bonferroni¡ and U-Mann Whitney were used.
Of the study population¡ 55.6 % were female and 44.4% were male. The mean of age was 64.55. The mean scores of fatigue in pre- and post-tests were 50.2 and 44.3 respectively¡ and it was 40.5 at the end of the sixth session. The results of this study showed that fatigue had a significant difference before and after the intervention and slow stroke back massage was effective for reducing fatigue (P Fatigue is highly prevalent in elderly patients with multiple sclerosis. The implementation of slow stroke back massage by caregivers and nurses¡ which is a tolerable and light intervention style for the elderlies¡ can be effective in reducing their fatigue.

Many researches have been done on the addiction process، but few studies have examined the process of resiliency against addiction. This study was aimed to identify the facilitating and inhibiting factors in the young people’s resiliency process by analyzing their living experiences. This qualitative study was based on grounded theory with Strauss and Corbin’s approach. The data underwent open، axial and selective coding. The study focused on Darvaze Ghar neighborhood of Tehran. Data were collected through open unstructured interviews and focus group discussion. In total، 21 interviews were conducted with 12 respondents and a focus group discussion was held with 7 participants. Lincoln and Guba (1985) scales were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the study. The obtained codes were classified into 19 categories، including personal characteristics، family support، culture، spirituality، spiritual beliefs، environment، and social interventions. According to their nature، these categories were facilitating or inhibiting the process of resiliency against substance abuse. The youth with more religious beliefs، awareness، self-confidence، optimism and hatred towards drugs are more resilient against substance abuse. Moreover، the families with a higher sense of responsibility trust and monitor their children’s activities، talk to them about different issues and provide them with good trainings from the very childhood; therefore their children will be more resilient against addiction.

Today healthcare problems of the elderly has gained new and extensive dimensions in the community due to their increased population. According to statistics, depression is one of the most important psychological problems in the elderly that needs attention. In this regard, this study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of recreation therapy on depression in old adults. The current research is a quasi-experimental study. The statistical community included the elderly aged over 60 years who attended Yas day-care center in Tehran and met the inclusion criteria(n=200). The subjects were assigned to experimental (n=32) and control (n=32) groups randomly.2 persons omitted from control group. The intervention included 10 recreation therapy sessions over 10 weeks which were held for the experimental group. Depression was measured before and after intervention and also two weeks after intervention in both groups. The research instruments included GDS (alpha: 0.9), AMT (alpha: 0.99) and ADL (alpha: 0.93) questionnaires. Data were analyzed in SPSS 18 using statistical tests of Chi-square, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Generelized Estimating Equatios Model and Shapiro-wilk Test. The mean score of depression in the experimental group before intervention, after intervention and in fallow up were 5.58±4.2, 2.59±2012,3.03±2.2 and in control group were 5.20±3.01, 5.16±2.9,5±2.8. These results were statistically significant at the 95% level (p=0.001). The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference in the level of depression before intervention between the experimental and control groups (p=0.932); however a significant difference existed between pretest-posttest and pretest-follow up in the experimental group(p=0.001, p=0.007). Due to Generelized Estimating Equatios Model in the experimental group there was a significant difference between the pre-test, post-test and follow-up(P<0.0001) while there was no significant difference between the pre-test, post-test and follow-up(P>0.05). The findings showed that recreation therapy significantly improves depression in the elderly.

The aim of this study is exploring the resiliency process in Darrvaze Ghar neighborhoods of Tehran teenagers and youths with the substance abuse through discovering dimensions of experiences. The present research was carried out by using a methodology of qualitative research using grounded theory based on Strauss and Corbin’s approach. The study focused on Darrvaze Ghar neighborhoods of Tehran in 2011. Data was collected through open unstructured interviews and focus group discussion. In total، 14 interviews with 12 teenagers/youths were held and focused group discussion was held with 7 participants. Findings of the research have shown that 5 major elements are affecting the resiliency process of teenager and youths with the substance abuse as fallow: 1) Targeted efforts and hope for the future to identity achievement 2) Employing strategies to maintain their 3) For overcome cultural factor and social nasty stigma، underdevelopment، risky environmental and concern of safety issues 4) Identity achievement 5) Experiencing facilitator and confounding factors. The most important part of the other elements around it is identity achievement. The result uncovered، be confirming، the achieve meaning of life، achieve success are issues that are formed and resulted through process of resiliency with the drug abuse. Resiliency process of Darvaze Ghar teenager and youths are begging from training childhood and with efforts to overcome obstacle and achieve success will be continued.

There is worldwide growth in the elderly population. Family care of elderly is key to long term care system and main duty of women at home. Qualitative study about facilitating and hindering factor of family care giving process provide clarified viewpoint on female caregivers need to plan and make effective supportive health policy.Methods & Materials: The present study was conducted by grounded theory. A purposive sample of 12 family caregiver participated in this study and data was gathered by deeply semi-structured interview and observation in the field. All of them were transcribed word by word and were analyzed through open, axial and selective coding according to Strauss and Corbin's approach (1998). Triangulation of the data gathering from different methods, prolonged engagement with caregivers, member check by participants and experts, was used to increase rigor of the study. Female caregivers experience facilitator and hindering factors that affect the care giving process. These factors were categorized in 3 main classes of personal, familial and external factors and 9 subcategories of caregiver's knowledge on elderly care, personal characters of caregiver and care recipient, care giving burden, background of interpersonal relationship between caregiver and care recipient, familial supportive network, family member participation, formal supportive system, context of family care giving at home, and community based health care systems for elder people. Naturally, intervening factors in care giving process can confront caregivers with relief or difficulty Based on caregivers experiences, modifying facilitator and hindering factors by more family participation, psychosocial support, care giving education, improvement of care giving context and establishing appropriate age friendly health care systems would be effective in managing of the process by female caregivers, and could be helpful for them to be success in this manner.