faramarz ehsani

Radiotherapy, a highly effective method of radiation-based treating cancers, can reduce the size of tumors and affect healthy tissues. Radiation-induced lymphopenia as a side effect of radiation therapy can reduce the effectiveness of the treatment.
This study aimed to examine how taurine can protect peripheral blood lymphocytes from radiation-based apoptosis.
In this experimental study, the effects of the taurine on lymphocytes were studied, and blood samples were divided into three groups: a negative control group that was not treated, a positive control group that was treated with cysteine (100 μg/ml), and a group that was treated with taurine (100 µg. mL-1) in three different doses (4, 8 & 12 Gy) before irradiation. The percentage of apoptotic and necrotic lymphocytes was measured using flow cytometry 48 and 72 hours after the irradiation, respectively.
According to the groups treated with taurine, the number of lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis was lower and higher compared to the negative and positive control groups, respectively. The decrease in this value was more pronounced 48 hours after radiation compared to 72 hours. Furthermore, there was a slight increase in the number of apoptotic lymphocytes with increasing radiation dose. 
Taurine effectively protects human peripheral blood lymphocytes from radiation-based apoptosis.

In the Iraq-imposed war against Iran, A large number of military and civilian people were injured or killed in the face of these factors. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating how chemical weapons are used, the effects of these weapons and the management approaches of chemical casualties during the holy defense period.

This study is a scoping review study in which the researchers searched the qualified sources in the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran and library sources to review the literature related to the topic and purpose of the research. After the search, a total of 235 sources were obtained. 75 articles were retrieved based on the title and abstract, and finally 23 articles were selected and included in the study and their results were analyzed.

Military healthcare personnel were involved in many problems during the war. The key to the success of the relief and treatment of chemical injuries was the planning, training and organization of medical teams from the front line to the cities behind the front.

Now, more than 30 years have passed since the war, many physical, mental and chemical injuries have been left behind. Discovering, maintaining, sharing, exchanging, applying and developing the knowledge of health care personnel, especially health care personnel of the armed forces, can help preserve the experiences and lessons learned during the holy defense period and improve the response to possible and similar incidents in the future

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between job stress and spiritual health of nurses working in the inpatient wards of the Covid-19 disease.

Methods and Materials:

The present descriptive-cross-sectional study done in 2019, examined the job stress and spiritual health of nurses working in the inpatient wards of the Covid-19  in Afzalipur Medical Education Center, Kerman, Iran. 177 nurses were selected using simple random sampling from wards  where patients with coronavirus were hospitalized. The data collection tools were a three-part demographic characteristics questionnaire, HSS-35 hospital job stress scale, and SWBS spiritual well-being scale. Data analysis done through SPSS software Ver.22 and GraphPad Prism software version 8 was used to draw graphs.

The mean age of nurses was 34.93 ± 8.39 years. The highest number of nurses were women (86.4%). The mean total scores of job stress and spiritual health of nurses were 3.40 and 3.76, respectively. There was a significant relationship between job stress and spiritual health of nurses in COVID-19 special wards (P ≤ 0.004). The relationship between job stress and nurses' age was significant (P ≤ 0.002). The mean of job stress was significantly different between people with different work histories (P ≤ 0.000).

 The results showed the level of job stress of nurses working in COVID-19 wards was high. Since there is a significant relationship between job stress caused by the covid-19 and spiritual health, hospital managers, especially nursing managers should strive to improve the situation while provide stress management training for nurses.

Estimates and available statistics indicate that, on average, 20% to 30% of the costs of a hospitalized patient are related to drugs and consumables, and on the other hand, more than 95% of treatment processes depend on drugs and medical supplies. Consumption requirements for the inpatients are divided into two main categories: 1) Consumption requirements are mentioned with the same name and with a specific number and price in the patient's invoice. 2) Hoteling consumption requirements that the number and amount of this consumption requirements are not recorded anywhere in the patient's file, and the costs of this consumption are covered by three percent of the six percent of nursing services.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed as a prospective observation in the inpatient emergency department of 'Hazrate Rasoole Akram Hospital in Tehran in the second half of 2018, and 898 patients were monitored.

The study ward had 40 inpatient bed counts, where 898 patients were admitted and hospitalized. The Inpatient Bed Occupancy Rate was over 100%, and the inpatient bed count day was 1706. The frequency distribution of hospitalized patients was 47 different diseases. The cost of their hoteling consumables was 976,776,808 Rials that 186,909,360 Rials of those costs were collected from various insurance deposits and cash receipts, and the rest of the costs, which was equivalent to 81% of the cost of hoteling consumables in December, remained uncollected.

Considering that the cost of Hoteling consumption requirements is provided as 3% of the 6% of nursing services, and on the other hand, the list of Hoteling consumption requirements in different insurances and hospital revenue units is not clear, it is suggested: Firstly, a complete and telling list of hoteling medical consumables should be prepared and communicated, and secondly, according to the existing inflation and the inadequacy of the daily bed tariff and market conditions, the relevant percentage should be adjusted to cover the costs.