faramarz hadavi

distressed textures are regions which are separated from life evolution cycle and became the bone of problems and inefficiencies. Nevertheless, these textures account for high percentage of urban population, and yet have numerous capacities and potentials for future intra-city developments. Dealing with distressed and inefficient urban textures is not apart from dealing with economic, cultural and social realities, and entails careful, comprehensive and realistic planning. In recent years, urban regeneration has been brought up as a new approach for improvement and renovation of these textures. “Urban regeneration” approach is beyond objectives, desires and achievements of “urban renovation”, “urban development”, and “urban improvement”, and has comprehensive, consistent and sustainable outlook by considering all social, economic, physical and environmental aspects. The current study has been carried out by understanding effective factors on urban distressed textures and evaluating the sustainability and unsustainability of District 10, and using SWOT-QSPM methods; research variables were determined through documentary and library studies that include social, economic, and environmental indicators . Throughout the survey method, the required information was collected and analyzed using the entropy criterion and SWOT-QSPM model. Further quantitative results showed that this area is economically unstable in the first place due to its social and environmental dimensions. The instability of the economic dimensions of the tissue is that: this leads to the instability of the other dimensions of the texture and ultimately shows itself as a physical instability. Thus, the later approach of sustainable urban regeneration with the strategy (economic regeneration and community-based recreation), due to its integrated globalization and interactivity, can be an optimal version to intervene with this tissue.

In recent years, high consumption of energy has become one of the major problems of world, especially in big cities. One of the solutions given for this situation is using solar energy as much as possible. If buildings are constructed in accordance with solar radiation and regional climate, they can absorb the lowest energy in hot and the most energy in cold periods; there will then be noticeable saving in energy consumption. Since Zanjan has special location, the buildings’ orientation should be in a way that the most possible energy could be absorbed by the building through the cold periods, and the lowest amount of energy would be able to hit the building in hot periods. In this research, to reach the most efficient use of solar energy in Zanjan, as the case study of research, first the climate information of 40 years timing was collected from Zanjan Synoptic Center, and the orientation and height of sun was extracted afterwards by using Q-BASIC software. The amount of solar radiation on vertical surfaces of walls in various angles was calculated using law of cosines. And finally the best orientation for buildings in this city has been determined. The results of this research showed that vertical surfaces with the orientations of 힝 and -150 south-west absorb the most amount of energy, and the surfaces with orientations of and -15 north-east and west absorb the lowest energy in cold and hot months of the year. The highest difference of radiated energy in vertical surfaces is at 흾 south - east and – 135 southwest through hot and cold periods. According to the research results, the best settlement orientations for buildings are 135 degree and 225 degree of Azimuth angle.

Today, tourism industry, as a dynamic industry, has devoted an important part of production activities in the world by its development-oriented features. Hence its development in a country requires factors such as an appropriate strategy, planning and efficient management. In this paper, the status of tourism industry in Zanjan Province has been evaluated using SWOT technique and Input-Output table. The use of expert judgment of “Delphi” is used so that the judgment of the expert group a list of internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) influencing the approach taken and the quantification was carried out .Methods of data collection and data analysis are applied and descriptive-analytical. According to the research findings, Zanjan province can become one of the big tourism hubs in the country because of its special geographical location and being between two industrial hubs of Tehran and East. Azerbaijan Provinces. Its strategy is defensive one, and strategies were proposed based on QSPM matrix at the end. Based on research findings in Zanjan province, tourism industry and its related sectors, in terms of linking with other sectors of the economy, can be considered as leading sectors in the economy of Zanjan Province. Therefore, this industry can boost the whole economy of Zanjan by supplying tourism services, demand for enjoying them, and producing tourism goods in other sectors. With regard to these potentials, tourism should be placed on the priority of the province planners in order to exploit them in line with the economy of this province.

Nowadays, irregular horizontal expansion of the cities is one of the nation’s major problems, having been given way to as a result of ever-increasing importance attached to the cities and their population concentration. The problems of the cities are the intertwined structural, economic, social, and environmental factors resulting from irregular horizontal expansion. However, despite difficulties, it should be reiterated that the horizontal expansion of the cities is indispensable. The current research is descriptive-analytical and has investigated and analyzed spatial-structural expansion of the city of Qazvin as well as land-use changes in it. Evaluating the process of physical expansion of the city and being aware of models of land-use changes and making use of the obtained results are important in the city’s future planning. Regarding the fact that, currently, Remote Sensing technique is the best method of monitoring environmental changes and identifying land-uses, which also enjoys the highest speed and the most accuracy, the current research has used the images of Landsat from 1986 to 2011, having been evaluated and analyzed via satellite-images processing techniques and GIS. The results indicate that the constructed area of the city of Qazvin has increased from 1645.29 Hectares in 1986 to 3428.73 Hectares in 2011. According to Holdern Model, such an increase is mainly due to population factor (%58.36) and unbalanced urban expansion factor (%41.64), which are among the important factors in land-use changes in the very city.