فهرست مطالب faramarz malekian

Extracting barriers to organizational learning can be effective in improving the healthcare system. The current research has been carried out to identify and explain the barriers to organizational learning from the point of view of employees and experts in the healthcare system. The research has been carried out with the mixed approach of explanatory sequential follow-up on the employees and experts of the health care system of the public sector. The statistical sample in the quantitative phase (first phase) includes 206 people who were included in the study by census method. In the qualitative phase (second phase), 30 experts of the organization were selected purposefully and until theoretical saturation. Data was collected in the quantitative phase with a questionnaire and in the qualitative phase with a semi-structured interview. Quantitative phase data analysis was done with descriptive statistics and Spss and Amos software. The reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient is higher than /75. Was. Experts were used for face validity and construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis. In the qualitative phase, Brown and Clark thematic analysis and Maxqda2018 software were used. In the quantitative phase, it was determined that organizational learning barriers have a positive and significant relationship with all its components. The employees stated that the most important of these obstacles were resistance to new ideas in the organization and not having the opportunity to apply the learned materials. In the qualitative part, 25 codes, 13 sub-themes and 6 main themes including cultural barriers, work pressure, weakness in training, lack of resources for ideas and programs, neglecting the principle of competence and old work methods were obtained. Obstacles of workload, lack of resources for ideas and programs, and old ways of doing work were common in the quantitative and qualitative sectors. The themes of cultural barriers, weakness in education and neglect of the merit principle also developed the results of the quantitative section. This study identified some barriers to organizational learning. It is suggested that these findings be used to improve learning in healthcare organizations.

The main subject of this research is the Analysis of environmental inhibitors of Extension worker for activity in production areas of the new system of agricultural extension in the organization of agricultural jihad in Kermanshah province.
Material and

This research was conducted in the form of a qualitative approach, using the Ground Theory method and in the year 2020-2021. The studied population consisted of 16 managers of Dehistan Agricultural Jihad Centers and 32 experts of the production areas of Kermanshah Agricultural Jihad Organization, who were selected using the method of successive targeted sampling of the snowball type. Data collection was done using semi-structured individual interview technique, focused group, field observation and note-taking, and in order to validate the research findings, data collection in the study community was also done from the diversity methods. variety, maximum diversity was used in the selection of samples and control by members.

The results showed factors such as the weaknesses of human resources working in the agricultural extension sector, lack of infrastructure and lack of environmental educational facilities, executive, structural and administrative problems and limitations, lack of evaluation of environmental educational programs, cultural and communication factors, and problems and limitations related to the environmental research sector, has caused the Extension worker to not have the necessary skills, and to improve the skill conditions of the Extension worker and the development of the region, strategies such as strengthening communication and Extension skills, Extension planning, monitoring and evaluation, management, empowerment and knowledge enhancement have been presented.
Discussion and

Since environmental problems have been created by humans, the most effective solution to solve these challenges is to improve the knowledge and awareness of agricultural sector users, to promote public culture and to establish appropriate laws, and to achieve this goal., it requires the development of the training of executives and experts responsible for production areas and improving their role, skills and increasing their general environmental knowledge.

With the entry of the digital generation (a generation born and raised in the presence of technology) into universities, which demands a different method and style of learning from the past generation, the higher education system is compelled to move towards creating educational infrastructures that meet the needs of this generation. The current research aims to identify the components of a native model for electronic evaluation systems based on the capabilities and facilities available in our country's higher education system, specifically at the Islamic Azad University of Iran.

The research approach is qualitative, utilizing a research synthesis strategy. The research population includes all printed and digital documents in our country's information resources, of which 16 documents were selected based on defined criteria and by purposive sampling until data saturation was reached.

The analysis of the collected data was conducted using thematic analysis, resulting in the extraction of 10 categories and 59 components for creating a native electronic evaluation system that can be used as a guide in educational settings.

Based on this research, it is possible to evaluate electronic learning courses in the evaluation section.

The learning organization takes advantage of the mechanism of "research"-based education, which is an important innovation and experts consider it to stimulate research skills and acquire scientific knowledge; this type of teaching and learning is actually an educational exercise where students search for content, examine and answer questions, and take ownership of their learning experience 

The qualitative method of Grounded Theory and using the interview tool was the chosen research method in the present study. The target population of the research was experts, specialists, professors and university informants in the field of management as well as education managers of Kermanshah province were selected using the "snowball sampling" method, theoretical saturation was done.

The findings of this study showed that the "learning organization" as an organization based on dynamics and transformation and resulting from individual, group and organizational activism, is a dynamic and changing entity that "individual and organizational" causal factors (including personality traits, beliefs and needs) trainers, job motivations and organizational planning), contextual factors based on "fundamental modernization and transformation" (including transformation in the education system, organization transformation, individual transformation, cultural transformation and transformation in social interactions), intervening factors "Inter-organizational" (including organizational facilities and capacities, structure, management and culture) have an effect on the emergence of this phenomenon in the education of Kermanshah province.

In the model that is presented in order to realize the learning organization in the education of this province, attention should be paid to "factors at both individual and organizational levels" and in line with the above-mentioned influential factors, macro-management strategies to change the management paradigm, including transformation in the structure, empowering employees, strengthening organizational culture and applied to witness organizational and extra-organizational results and achievements including individual growth and excellence (trainers), organizational excellence, satisfaction and finally, the improvement of the country's scientific level.

The purpose of the research was to formulate a model for teaching management skills to the Agricultural Extension Workers of production areas of Kermanshah province according to experts. In terms of practical purpose, this research was a documentary and field data collection method, which was conducted using a qualitative method, and the grounded theory based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin was used. The statistical population was managers and researchers of the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Kermanshah Province, who were selected purposefully and by snowball sampling method for qualitative interviews on the subject of the research, and 15 interviews were conducted with 15 people and up to the threshold of usefulness. To calculate the reliability of the interview, the within-subject agreement method of two coders was used, and the reliability between the two coders for the interviews examined in this research was 87.83%, which, considering that the reliability rate is more than 60%, the reliability of the codings was Confirmation. CVR (Content Validity Ratio) and CVI (Content Validity Index) were used to determining the degree of agreement and validity of each index from the experts’ point of view and the calculated values for them were 0.75 and 0.81, respectively. MAXQDA was used for data processing. The findings showed that the categories in the form of 14 categories in the form of six dimensions including causal factors (internal and external factors), main phenomenon, strategy (development of training programs, skill development) communication and practical training),

 This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of organizational learning capability in the relationship between social capital and knowledge creation.

 The special situation of higher education and the necessity of dynamism have caused universities to continuously review the existing knowledge and create new knowledge. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of the society, they must provide the conditions and fields for knowledge creation. Knowledge creation is one of the important issues in modern organizations and especially educational environments that need special attention. This concept depends on different factors, the most important of which is the category of social capital; Because social capital, by creating a context for participation and cooperation among the members of the organization, causes the reproduction of knowledge, and also makes the productivity of organizational capitapossible. It seems that some factors can play a mediating role in the relationship between social capital and knowledge creation; and organizational learning ability is one of these factors.Organizational learning ability expresses the ability to create and generalize effective ideas in encounter with various organizational boundaries that operates based on specific management initiatives and methods. Employees increase their abilities in an organization with a high level of learning, to obtain desirable results permanently. Therefore, the mediating role of organizational learning capability in the relationship between social capital and knowledge creation has been investigated in this article.

 The type of research was applied and it was done with descriptive survey method. The random sampling method was stratified and the statistical sample included 343 managers, vice presidents and employees of universities and higher education institutions in Kermanshah province. Data collection was done using 3 questionnaires: Social capital questionnaire (developed by the researcher), organizational learning questionnaire (Onag et al., 2014) and knowledge creation questionnaire (Rahimi et al., 2011). The data was analyzed via the structural equation modeling method and with SMART PLS2 software.

 The results showed that in the structural equation model, social capital has an effect on organizational learning ability (t = β3.017, 0.146), and organizational learning ability has an effect on knowledge creation (t = β14.663, 0.684). Organizational learning ability also plays a mediating role in the relationship between social capital and knowledge creation.

 According to the results, organizational learning ability has the role of mediating variable between social capital (predictor variable) and knowledge creation (criterion variable) and is its explanation. It can be explained that knowledge creation is the most important issue in educational environments, which is always tried to achieve. One of the facilitating factors of knowledge creation in educational environments is the existence of constructive and positive relationships among university members. With the creation of social capital, these components can also be achieved. In other words, the existence of positive and constructive relationships in the shadow of social capital can help to improve knowledge creation in academic environments. Some factors can strengthen this relationship. Organizational learning ability is one of the most important of them. When learning is a priority in an academic environment and the organization is always learning, social capital and positive relationships in it can help and facilitate the necessary conditions for it. This can affect the improvement of organizational knowledge creation because by applying new knowledge in other aspects, it is possible to extract more new knowledge and information. Therefore, it can be concluded that organizational learning ability has a mediating role in the relationship between social capital and knowledge creation. According to these findings, if universities pay attention to social capital and strengthen organizational learning among employees, it can be expected that knowledge creation will grow significantly in universities.

The purpose of this study is to provide an appropriate model for the successful implementation of online education from the perspective of school principals. In accordance with the purpose, the research was conducted within the framework of a qualitative approach and using the data analysis method of the foundation. Expert managers of online education in schools of Kermanshah province formed the population of this research. Using purposive sampling method, 13 people were selected as the research sample and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The validity of the questions was verified using the opinion of experts in the field of online education. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding using MAXQDA software. The validity of the findings was obtained using the member matching method and peer review. The results show 65 sub-categories and 20 main categories including lesson planning and planning, teaching-learning activities, teacher competence and skills, support and empathy, providing online education, participation and interaction with students, parent participation, use of up-to-date technology In the field of online education, strengthening human and technological infrastructure, protecting users' privacy in cyberspace, classroom atmosphere, assessment, quality development, teacher empowerment, facilitating the teaching and learning process, providing opportunities to update knowledge, improve performance And there was more productivity, flexibility, communication skills and active learning, which were categorized into six main categories including causal conditions, central phenomena, contextual factors, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences.

The purpose of this research is to present an effective organizational capital model in the education department. In this way, an effective step can be taken to strengthen the intellectual capital in the education organization. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of research method. The statistical population includes managers divided into three levels: Senior managers, middle managers and executive managers According to the statistics announced by the education organization of Kermanshah province, this number is estimated at 283 people and 165 people will be selected as a simple random sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed through construct and content validity and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability methods. Structural equation modeling using PLS software was used for data analysis. The results indicate that the presented model was approved with 6 evaluation factors including: organizational culture, performance management system, organizational leadership and insight, organizational support, human resource empowerment, innovation and creativity.

The research method of this study was composite and exploratory. In the qualitative part, the content of the scientific documents was first analyzed and classified, Moreover, 11 experts and subject matter experts, who were selected purposefully using the snowball method, were interviewed until saturation criterion was reached. In the quantitative part, survey and applied methods were used. The statistical population of this research included all employees of 10 prisons in Kermanshah province. Using stratified random sampling, 100 people were selected as a statistical sample. For the causal analysis of the presented model, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model have been conducted. The results of this research showed that in identifying the mental and social health training needs of prison employees in Kermanshah province, a number of 103 primary indicators were obtained. These indicators were then divided into 12 general factors and 2 categories of mental health and social health. According to the results of the interviews and the Delphi method, self-acceptance, self-control, personal growth and development, psychological well-being, emotional well-being, quality of life, perceived justice, social participation, group belonging, social adaptation, social trust, social support are the most important needs of mental health education for the employees of prisons in Kermanshah province.

The main goal of the current research was to provide an effective organizational capital model in the education organization of Kermanshah province. The present research method was qualitative and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population included experts familiar with the subject of 20 experts who were purposefully selected and have valuable experiences in the field of educational management, and data were extracted from semi-structured interviews. The research tool was semi-structured interviews. For validity and reliability, face validity and agreement coefficient between coders were used. Also, to analyze the data, the systematic method of Strauss and Corbin with open coding, axial coding and selective coding was done. The findings showed that the causal factors included individual factors and organizational factors. The findings showed that the causal factors included individual factors and organizational factors. Also, intervening factors (political factors, economic factors and socio-cultural factors); Contextual (leadership and organizational vision, funding and facilities, innovation and creativity, human resource empowerment, information and communication technology and organizational learning); Strategies (research and development of knowledge management, understanding of individual and organization) and consequences were also included (origin of effectiveness of managers, organizational effectiveness and professional communication). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the model of effective organizational capital in the education and training organization is one of many factors and indicators, and considering the identification of some of them in this research, it is possible to act more effectively in the education and training system.

The purpose of this study was to design and validate a questionnaire on the components of border management of school principals in Kermanshah province. The data collection method was a combination of consecutive exploratory design. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten experts and specialists who were aware of border management and its angles were selected by theoretical purposive sampling method. Qualitative data analysis was performed using coding method. In the quantitative part, the validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was evaluated by eleven experts and the reliability of Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be 0.88. Content validity of CVR questionnaire / 873. Validity assessment was obtained using KMO factor analysis equal to / 964. It was obtained that it is at a high level and shows the correlation of items. The results showed that the validity and reliability of the researcher-made tool were confirmed; Therefore, the questionnaire obtained from this study can be used as a valid questionnaire for border management of school principals and it seems that the use of education and other organizations in the management of the border management questionnaire can play a role. Have a lot in improving management.

The purpose of this study is to assess the needs and provide a comprehensive model of mental and social health education for the families of prison staff in Kermanshah province. The statistical population in a small part included the families of all prison staff in Kermanshah province in 1399. Using stratified random sampling, 100 people were selected as a statistical sample. Delphi method and semi-structured interview were used to obtain qualitative data. For qualitative analysis, MAXQDA software and coding process were used, and in the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, SPSS and SMART PLS software were used. The results of the present study showed that in identifying the mental health and social health education needs of the families of prison staff in Kermanshah province, 103 primary indicators were obtained, which were classified into 12 general factors and 2 categories of mental health and social health. Were. Based on the results of the Delphi interview and method, self-control acceptance, personal growth and development, mental well-being, emotional well-being, quality of life, perceived justice, social participation, group belonging, social adjustment, social trust, social support are the most important needs of mental health education. Socially, the families of the prison staff are in Kermanshah province. Fitting of the comprehensive model of mental and social health education of the families of prison staff in Kermanshah province was also reported based on favorable structural equations.

Social capital plays an important role in the success of any organization, including the education organization. As a result, the purpose of this study was presenting a social capital management model in the general directorate of education in Kermanshah province with a grounded theory approach.

This research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The research population in the qualitative part was experts and senior managers of education in Kermanshah province and in the quantitative part were the principals of primary schools in Kermanshah province. The sample size in the qualitative part was estimated according to the principle of theoretical saturation 11 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and in the quantitative part was estimated according to Krejcie and Morgan table 332 people who were selected by random cluster sampling method. The research instrument in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose psychometric indices was confirmed and for data analysis was used from the methods of coding in MAXQDA software and exploratory factor analysis in LISREL software.

Findings showed that in the central category of social capital management in education, causal conditions including categories of organizational factors, social factors and individual factors, contextual conditions including categories of social bonds of employees, cultural and social commitments and sustainable social development, intervening conditions including categories of legal requirements and frameworks, civic participation networks, organizational policies and organizational culture, strategies including categories of knowledge management, organizational resilience, job turnover and organizational participation and outcomes including categories of organizational outcomes, individual outcomes and social outcomes. Other findings showed that the factor load of all sub-categories except sense of identity on causal conditions, all sub-categories except collective power on contextual conditions, all sub-categories except success and education on intervening conditions, all sub-categories on strategies and all sub-categories except human capital accumulation, social cohesion, organizational learning, organizational entrepreneurship and interpersonal trust on outcomes were confirmed.

Regarded to the importance of identified categories and concepts for the social capital management in education, planning is essential to improve the categories through their concepts.

In the current crisis, the prevalence of corona has shut down the education system, but during the shutdown, education and learning have not been shut down and the physical absence of individuals has not prevented the establishment of educational communication. All of this is due to IT-based online education.

This research is a research on the biological experience of Kermanshah school principals in the academic year 2020/2021 of online teaching. Therefore, an attempt was made to identify the effective factors of successful online teaching by using a qualitative method. Data were extracted through a qualitative approach, phenomenological method and semi-structured interview tools and were analyzed through coding and categorization. Sampling was purposeful and consecutive and a total of 13 expert school principals participated in online teaching. To ensure the validity of the findings, three participants reviewed the final report of the analysis process and the categories prepared. And the reliability of the data is verified by the second encoder and the encoder itself.

Based on the research findings, the effective factors of successful online teaching are classified into 14 dimensions, which have a total of 48 components and 325 codes.

Provided valuable information for administrators, teachers and educators of educational centers to take basic steps to improve and enhance the quality and effectiveness of online education by adopting principled policies regarding e-learning.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of problem solving skills in self-efficacy and social adjustment of female high school students.

The present study was applied research in terms of purpose, quantitative in terms of data type, and descriptive-correlational in terms of survey method. The statistical population of the present study included all female high school students in Kermanshah in the academic year 1401-1400 in the number of 4100 people. Based on Krejcie and Morgan table, a sample of 350 people was selected by one-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using three problem-solving skills questionnaires by Hepner and Peterson (1982) 35 items, Scherer self-efficacy questionnaire (1982) 17 items, and Sinha and Singh (1993) 20-item social adjustment questionnaire. The face validity of the questionnaires was verified by experimental implementation among 30 students and the content validity of the questionnaires was evaluated and confirmed by expert judgment and comprehensive literature review. Self-efficacy was 0.82 and social adjustment was 0.87. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K_S) was used to analyze the data to determine the normality of data distribution, Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the correlation coefficient, and regression analysis to determine the coefficient of explanation using SPSS statistical software.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between problem solving skills with self-efficacy and social adjustment at the alpha level of 0.01 (p <0.01).

Based on this, it is concluded that students who have higher problem solving skills have more self-efficacy and social adjustment.

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of method. The study population included the staff of the education office of Kermanshah in the academic year 2019-2020, of whom 173 were selected by simple random sampling method based on Krejcie and Morgan table. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire (72 items) the content and construct validities of which were confirmed by experts and factor analysis method, respectively, and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.96 was obtained for its reliability. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS-23 and PLS-3 software. Findings showed that organizational citizenship behavior training in the education office had 22 subcomponents under 6 main components. Three sub-components of organizational citizenship behavior were grouped under the component of causal conditions, five sub-components were under the component of central phenomenon, five sub-components were under the component of strategies, two sub-components were under the component of interventionist conditions, three sub-components were under the component of contextual conditions, and four sub-components were under the component of consequences. Other findings showed the direct and significant effect of the component of causal conditions on the component of the central phenomenon, the underlying and intervening conditions on the component of strategies, and the component of strategies on the component of consequences (P <0.001). According to the results of the present study, planning to promote organizational citizenship behavior in the education office is essential by improving the status of identified components and subcomponents.

The most important goal of the criminal justice system is to respond to the phenomenon of the crime is to rehabilitate criminals to return to society happily. Therefore it is very important to study current status of psychosocial health education in the fields of education of correctional, educational, medical and judicial services to prisoners and its comparison with the desired situation in order to promote the health of prisoners.The present study according to the purpose is applied, the way it is done is causal-comparative, and quantitative data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population includes all staff of Kermanshah Central Prison, which numbered 385 people, using simple random sampling, 100 of them were selected as the sample.The results showed that the current status of psychosocial health education to prisoners in the subscales of judicial is equal to 38%, medicine 30.9%, educational 15.5% and correction 15.5%, and only 60% of the participants were satisfied with the current state of psychosocial health education to prisoners. there was a significant difference in correctional and educational subscales, but no significant difference in medical and judicial subscales.There was a difference between the current situation and the desired situation of mental and social health education of prisoners. Therefore, to reduce the distance between the current state of mental health education and the desired situation of prisoners, it is necessary changing and strengthening the content and implementation of health-oriented education programs based on the psycho-social needs of prisoners.

The present study aims to present a model for teaching organizational citizenship behavior in the education organization based on the data theory strategy. For this purpose, the factors affecting the training of organizational citizenship behavior in the education organization were identified.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose. In order to achieve a rich description of the experiences, attitudes and perceptions of the interviewees towards the training of organizational citizenship behavior, the qualitative research method and in particular the strategy of data theory (systematic approach) was used to achieve a paradigm model. The target population of this study included professors, academic experts and directors of education in Kermanshah province. Sampling in the present study was purposeful, in which 14 people were selected from the mentioned individuals. In this research, interview tools have been used to collect the views of individuals related to the training of organizational citizenship behavior in the education and training organization.

The results showed that causal conditions (employee empowerment; decentralization; staff awareness of organizational citizenship behavior); Central phenomena (chivalry and forgiveness, conscientiousness; organizational spirituality; respect and esteem; civic virtue); Strategic factors (organizational contexts, fair and rapid feedback; observance of justice in the organization; policy making; growth of employee motivation); Interfering conditions (personality traits; cultural, social, political and economic conditions); Underlying conditions (organizational culture, transformational leadership, organizational support) and consequences (effectiveness and improvement of organizational performance; employee satisfaction; organizational commitment, cooperation and participation) affect the training of organizational citizenship behavior in the education organization.

The results indicate the effect of each of the different categories on the training of organizational citizenship behavior, so to succeed in this regard, special attention should be paid to these categories. Therefore, in order to achieve higher effectiveness and proper use of employees with extra-role behaviors, the education organization needs to consider and implement the necessary program and preparation for training organizational citizenship behaviors.

The present study aims to offer a structural relationship pattern based on competency management and positive organizational behavior at the therapeutic and teaching centers in Kermanshah city. The method of this study in terms of objective is developmental and practical and data collection method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) in form of a sequential exploratory study, which is done in three basic phases. The first stage (observation of documents) is for comprehensive and accurate access to dimensions and features of competency management by studying valid and relevant documents in this field. In the second stage, the dimensions and features obtained from the first stage and achievement of new indicator related to competency management is discussed by using deep interviews also the sampling method in this stage was purposeful and the sample size was 12. The third phase of the study includes the implementation of 342 researcher-made questionnaires containing dimensions of management competencies based on the results of the qualitative phase and enforcement positive organizational behavior questionnaire. Pearson's correlation coefficient, one sample T-test and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Stages one and two were analyzed using 11th version of MaxQDA software. The results of the study showed that competency management consisting job promoting competencies (including 5 sub-elements: executive competencies, communicative competencies, developmental competencies, teamwork competencies and knowledge competencies) and balance competencies (including 5 sub-elements: attitude competencies, personal competencies, control competencies and general competencies) have significant relationship with positive organizational behavior. Based on the results of path analysis competency management, promoter competencies and balance competencies have and effect on positive organizational behavior and its dimensions including self-efficacy, hopefulness, resiliency and optimism.Therefore, it is suggested that the appropriate action should be made to increase the positive organizational behavior, to develop and strengthen human capitals and to achieve the outlook, mission and the core values of the organization.

 The persistent success of any organization depends on the effective and constant learning of its staff, as well as the communication of the learned material to improve job performance.

 The present study aimed to elaborate on the strategies of learning transfer to the workplace based on content analysis in the universities of Kermanshah, Iran, especially Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.

 The sample population included the universities of Kermanshah province, and the participants were 15 faculty members and the specialists in training and improvement of university human resources, who were selected via purposeful sampling. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews, and the validity of the questions was assessed based on the perspectives of the experts. Data analysis was performed using qualitative content analysis, and the findings were validated by member checking and peer debriefing.

 The strategies to transfer leaning included organizational learning culture, development of participation and the teamwork culture, institutionalizing experiences and expertise in the organization, performance management, career path management, revision and modification of rules and regulations, creating opportunities to apply, improvement of scientific interactions, and promoting the status of training units.

 By applying the identified strategies, universities will be able to increase the rate of learning transfer, which in turn enhances the effectiveness of organizational training.
 

Competencies-oriented management is the key to the success of any organizations, including health care systems. Thus, identifying the factors that influence the skills and competency required by managers of health care institutions could help to improve the organizational performance. Based on the mentioned notes, the present study aimed to identify the competencies required by managers of medical-educational centers in Kermanshah City.

This study was an applied-developmental research with a qualitative exploratory approach. The research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, all the related documents were retrieved from institutional databases and studied to gather the data. Accordingly, 16 documents were selected by the convenience-purposive sampling method. In the second step, 12 senior managers, deputies and experts of health-medical centers were selected using the snowball sampling method and were studied by the semi-structured interviews. In both stages, the sampling continued up to the theoretical saturation. Data analysis was done by Glaserian grounded theory approach based on open, axial and selective coding. Content validity was performed for verification in both stages, and the data was reviewed by members and colleagues for the reliability assessment.

Our results showed that the competencies required by managers of medical-educational centers are divided into two general categories: job-promoting competencies (executive, communicative, developmental, team and knowledge competencies) and interactive competencies (attitudinal, personality, control, and general competencies).

Given to these findings, the aforementioned nine competencies can be a guide for the actions of the medical-educational centers managers, and those enjoying these competencies can readily assist the organization to achieve their goals.

One of the strategic requirements of any organization is to have a plan for the replacement of managers, the process of which is known as succession management. Universities also need succession management.

The present study aimed to propose a valid model for succession management in medical universities.

This qualitative study was conducted with a mixed sequential exploratory design in three stages. In the first stage, 29 articles were reviewed, and in the second stage, 12 semi-structured interviews were encoded with open, axial, and selective coding. The quantitative section was performed using 205 researcher-made questionnaires.

In total, 30 components emerged as the paradigmatic model. Some components have been reported in previous studies, and the most important dimensions emphasized by the faculty members in this study included managerial skills, senior management beliefs, the complexity of the environment, intradepartmental interactions, extracurricular pressures, organizational misconduct, the crisis of capable executives, provincial indigenous management, intra-university administrators, non-competitive rewards, physical and mental fitness, academic independence, use of scientific models, and promotion of the counseling culture. These components were related to the central issue of the organizational influential factors in succession management.

According to the results, organizational factors such as merit-based human resource management, organizational culture, knowledge-based management, and the use of scientific models played a key role in the establishment of succession management in medical universities due to their impact on preparation, facilitation, and motivation.

The purpose of this study was to design an appropriate management model based on identifying the components and relationships of organizational culture in the secondary high schools of west of Iran (Ilam, Kurdistan and Kermanshah Provinces). The study was an applied research based on the type of goal and a descriptive-survey depend of data collection. Moreover, the method was the mixture (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population of the study consisted of all 9829 second-grade high school staff in Ilam, Kordestan and Kermanshah provinces. Based on Morgan table, the participants were 373 students selected by stratified random sampling. In the first stage, the components were identified using qualitative and exploratory method and interviewed with 35 educational deputies, experts and managers, and also they were organized through open and axial coding of their components and dimensions and indicators. After validation by management professors, data by using quantitative tools, a researcher-made questionnaire for component identification and standard Denison organizational culture questionnaire were collected. Afterwards, the results of this study showed the components identified for the appropriate management model included manager's personality and ethical characteristics, manager's professional and competence, stakeholder engagement, attention to students’ programs promotion, selection and  of expert teachers and staff, attention to affairs and  health, empowerment and planning the administrative and financial activities. There was also a significant relationship between the internal dimensions and components of organizational culture and the identified components of management model.

The higher education system needs to succession management based on academic environments and its professional dynamics.

The present study aimed to modeling succession management at medical universities based on grounded theory.

Through reviewing the related texts, articles and 12 semi-structured interviews with faculty members of medical universities in three stages of open, axial and selective coding, the data were analyzed.

The results were indicative of twelve general categories as follows: main phenomenon (meritocracy, management skills and strategic management), causal conditions (organizational structure, human resources management, beliefs of senior manager and rules); strategies (career path development, knowledge-based management, productivity management, financial resources management, organizational stability and academic independence); underlying conditions (complexity, research orientation, interactions within the educational groups, the crisis of shortage of capable directors, native provincial management, appointment of directors from within universities, detecting talents, policy-making councils, non-competitive rewards, key positions, organizational misconduct, political atmosphere, and pressures to the university); interventional conditions (organizational culture and environment, managerial experience, physical fitness and knowledge capacity) and consequences (improving satisfaction, ethics management, using academic models, dynamic universities, increasing organizational motivation and the existence of counseling culture).

This study suggested a succession management model in medical sciences universities. According to the findings, special differences such as meritocracy, environmental complexity, managers’ scientific and professional maturity, the centrality of science in production, the political sensitivities of the community and the use of proprietary scientific models of succession management in universities can be found between the establishment of succession management in higher education compared to other organizations.

This study examined the role of puppet based show training on the reduction of relational health problems, reactional and verbal response problems and hyperactivity of aggressive children. In a Quasi experimental pretest-posttest design 12 boys5 to 6 years old who were referred to education counseling center of Kermanshah participated in the study. Their scores in Shahim Questionnaire (1985) were one standard deviation above the mean. They were randomly assigned to two groups, respectively. The experimental group received puppet show based education (independent variable) for 8 sessions and the control group received no intervention. To investigate the effect of the intervention both groups were tested. The data were analyzed using repeated measure co-variance. The results showed that puppet show based training reduced the signs of physical aggression, relational and verbal-hyperactive response – of children in experimental group. Thus, the results obtained can have the implication in educational practices which has been discussed.