farhad golshan

Sperm cryopreservation is a common technique used for management of male infertility. But this method has detrimental effects on sperm DNA and chromatin quality. Evaluation of different markers associated with the health of genetic material of sperm is beneficial for determination of the fertility of sperm. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sperm chromatin condensation on frozen-thawed sperm DNA integrity in normozoospermic men. In this experimental study, 30 semen samples from normozospermia men were cryopreserved for two weeks with a common technique used in most infertility centers, at -196 ° C and then thawed. Samples before and after freezing were evaluated for abnormal chromatin condensation, DNA denaturation and DNA fragmentation by toluidine blue (TB) staining, acridine orange (AO) staining and sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test respectively. Before freezing, we found a significant correlation only between abnormal chromatin condensation (evaluated by TB) and DNA denaturation (assessed by AO) (p < 0.05). While after cryopreservation correlation was found between abnormal chromatin condensation and DNA denaturation and fragmentation (p < 0.05). Abnormal chromatin condensation can make DNA susceptible to denaturation and fragmentation.

Mammalian sperm DNA is the most compacted eukaryotic DNA and this compacted DNA can resist against different environmental and chemical factors. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of keeping washed semen sample in refrigerator (4-6 ˚C) on sperm viability, total motility and DNA integrity in normozoospermic men.
In this experimental study, 13 semen samples of normozoospermic men were washed twice in modified Ham's F10 medium. These samples were kept in refrigerator (4-6 ˚C) up to 12 days. On the 0 (immediately after sampling), 1st, 2nd, 5th, 7th and 12th days, the proportion of viable, motile, double stranded DNA spermatozoa were examined. Viability and DNA integrity of sperm cells were examined consecutively using eosin-nigrosin and acridine orange staining.
Findings: The viability and total motility of sperm cells significantly decreased (P This study suggests that sperm DNA integrity is preserved even after 12 days of keeping semen sample in refrigerator.

Previous studies have revealed that high doses of Thymoquinone (TQ) is able to cease the movement of sperms in culture medium.The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate whether Nigella sativa (NS) extract has similar effect on spermatozoa with TQ or not.
Ten washed semen samples were used for each concentration of NS (5 and 10 mg/ml). Two 0.5 mlaliquots of each sample were incubated with or without the considered dose as case and control samples. Total sperm motility was assessed after one hour. In addition, apoptosis of sperms receiving dose of 10 mg/ml were measured by Annexin-PI staining method followed by flow cytometry detection.
Findings: Both doses of NS extract substantially reduce the percentage of total motility, fast and slow progressive and non-progressive sperms. After administration of NS extract, the percentages of alive, apoptotic and necrotic sperms did not show significant change.
5 and 10 mg/ml doses of NS extract considerably diminish the percentage of motile spermatozoa in culture medium. Similarly, NS extract with dose of 10 mg/ml does not change the percentage of viable spermatozoa in culture medium.

Cartilage injuries are the leading cause of disability in the elderly in developed countries. In addition, articular cartilage has a limited ability to repair. Current treatment methods for cartilage tissue injuries lead to fibrous tissue formation. Cell therapy is a treatment in which stem cells using tissue engineering can be differentiated into chondrocytes by using growth factors and scaffolds. Since growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β) leads to hypertrophy of cartilage chondrocytes tissue and many scaffolds are weak in terms of mechanics and stability, it is essential to achieve the appropriate scaffolds and inducing factors. Studies have shown that fibrin alginate scaffold is appropriate in terms of mechanical and stability and piascledine increases the cartilage-specific genes expression. Therefore, in this study the chondrogenic effect of TGF-β1 and piascledine on adipose derived stem cells in fibrin alginate scaffold was compared and evaluated.
Fat samples were obtained from three persons. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) was extracted from adipose tissue and proliferated. Then the cells were transferred to the fibrin alginate scaffold and the cells were cultured for 21 days under the influence of the induction medium. The rate of proliferation and survival of cells was evaluated by [3 (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide] MTT method and the rate of gene expression of Aggrecan and Collagen II and X was evaluated with Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR) method.
Findings: The results showed that proliferation rate and survival of cells in a fibrin alginate scaffold in the group containing Piascledine increased compared to the other groups, but this increase is not significant (P> 0.050). Also, Piascledine increased collagen II gene expression (P Piascledine was found as a proper effective inducer in chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells cultured in fibrin alginate scaffold.