فهرست مطالب farhad ramezani-badr

This study aimed to identify the status of social media addiction (SMA) and some related factors in nursing and midwifery students in Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, 284 Nursing and Midwifery students participated. The study was conducted from October 4, 2021 to February 16, 2022. Sampling was done by simple random method. The data collection tool was Bergen’s Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression tests were used to analyze the data.

234 (82.39%) of the students had some level of social media addiction. There was a statistically significant relationship between the hours of using social media during the day and the duration of using these media with addiction (β = 0.537, P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between SMA and living single and independently (β = 0.58, P = 0.032). SMA had no significant relationship with other demographic characteristics of students (P > 0.05). A statistically significant relationship was also between SMA and students’ academic performance (β = -0.412, P < 0.001).

The prevalence of SMA in the study population was alarmingly high. This emerging social problem should be considered in the community of nursing and midwifery students. Because this type of addiction can affect the quality and quantity of nursing care, with the development of attractive social networks dedicated to education and learning, these networks should be directed toward useful student goals. 

The Covid 19 pandemic has put a lot of pressure on health systems. To improve the quality of nursing care in emergency departments, it is important to pay attention to the psychological disorders of nurses that may arise following the covid-19 outbreak. The aim of this study was to determine the status of stress, anxiety, and depression of nurses working in the emergency department of teaching hospitals affiliated to Zanjan University of Medical Sciences during the Covid-19 pandemic.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 125 nurses working in the emergency department of teaching hospitals affiliated to Zanjan University of Medical Sciences from January to May2022.Samples were selected by stratified random sampling method. The Cohen Perceived Stress Questionnaire and the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scales were used to collect data. Perceived stress questionnaire was completed self-reportedly by research samples. The Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scales were completed through an interview, with an appointment in the appropriate environment within half an hour. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including: frequency, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics including: parametric tests such as Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance with a significance level of 0.05 through software SPSS 22.

According to the results, the mean and standard deviation of age and work experience of nurses participating in the study were 29.98±5.20 and 6.26±4.49 respectively. Most nurses (72.8%) were female. Most (76%) had a history of Covid-19 and 91.2% of nurses reported a history of direct care for patients with Covid-19.The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of stress, anxiety and depression were 24.78±6.34, 13.24±10.5 and 12.73±9.67 respectively. Also, the mean of nurses' depression in the teaching hospitals was statistically significant (P <0.05).The results of Pearson correlation coefficient did not show a significant relationship between stress, anxiety and depression with age, work experience and number of children.

More than half of the emergency nurses studied had significant stress, anxiety, and depression during the Covid-19outbreak. It seems that while developing codified programs to support nurses in crises, effective and planned measures should be taken to prevent and treat the psychological disorders of emergency nurses.

Regarding the process of attraction and admission of international students, it is important to identify the academic challenges of international students and provide appropriate conditions towards meeting their academic and social needs. The present study aimed to identify the components affecting the academic status of international students in Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.

The experiences of international students were examined from October 2019 to February 2021 using conventional qualitative content analysis and in-depth semi-structured interviews.

In this study, four main themes were extracted, including occupational concerns, obstacles of effective learning, managing students’ academic and supportive affairs, and academic immigration affairs. In addition, 12 subthemes were achieved including the credibility of the university, graduation qualifications, educational content, curriculum planning, assessment and evaluation, foreign language stress, organization of administrative-educational affairs, e-learning support and infrastructure affairs, the organizational culture of internationalization, student welfare, and social affairs, consular affairs and banking and foreign exchange finance.

Components of language stress, the organizational culture of internationalization, the organization of administrative-educational affairs, student welfare and social affairs have been reported by other universities at home and abroad. However, considering the Covid-19 pandemic and banking sanctions against Iran, two new components of e-learning support/infrastructure affairs and banking and foreign exchange finance respectively, were achieved. Therefore, these new items need to be evaluated and provided with appropriate solutions.

By considering the importance and position of virtual education at higher education institutes, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing and codification of detailed roadmap, as well as the successful establishment of virtual education at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences.

The present study was performed by directed content analysis method. Sources including books, articles, dissertations, and results of interview with 10 experts in this field were used to determine the effective components of successful virtual education. Data were collected by in-depth semi-structured interview and observation. The context of interviews was implemented word by word and analysis were performed at the same time. The detailed roadmap of virtual education was designed according to the strategic plan of virtual education center at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences.

Four components including skills and knowledge of virtual learning, structure and process for virtual learning development, motivation and attitude, and finally standards were determined as the key components for establishment of virtual learning center at the university.

Findings could be used as a basis for other universities and institutes regarding the development of virtual learning and is useful for setting and establishing the virtual education centers.

Nursing is a practice-oriented profession and one of the main parts of its education is clinical training. Nursing clinical skills will be deteriorated if not used properly. Therefore, this study aimed to design, implement and evaluate an operational program to improve basic clinical skills in BSc nursing students based on the Kern’s framework.

This study was performed based on the stages of Kern’s framework to enhance basic clinical skills in nursing students in Abhar School of Nursing during 2016-2017 using single-group before-after intervention method. To this end, after recognizing the problem of poor clinical skills in nursing students and a primary needs assessment, the operational program and its method of evaluation were performed after being approved in the educational council of the school. During the research, reaction and knowledge of students before the program were compared to after the program based on the first and second stages of the Kirkpatrick model.

In the study, the scores of basic clinical skills test of students and their level of satisfaction significantly increased after the training program. According to the students, their anxiety decreased and their self-confidence increased in the clinical environment after the course.

According to the results of the study, the implementation of the educational program could improve the quality and quantity of clinical education in nursing students. Therefore, it is suggested that this type of program be used by nursing education planners to enhance education quality

A desirable level of happiness among nurses is related to the quality of nursing care services. This study aimed to evaluate the level of happiness among nurses and its’ relation to some demographic factors in Zanjan province- 2017.
Methods & Materials: In this cross sectional study, 371 nurses employed in the hospitals affiliated to Zanjan University of medical sciences were participated. The Oxford happiness inventory was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test through the SPSS software version 16. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean and standard deviation of age of samples were 32.2±7.08. Most nurses were female (86.79%) and married (68.46%). Most nurses had a bachelor’s degree (94.88%) and the rest of them had a master’s degree. The mean score of happiness in nurses was 43.1±13.3 (the range 0-87). Concerning the demographic and occupational variables, a statistically significant relationship was found between job satisfaction and happiness level (P=0.049). According to the findings of the study, the level of happiness in the nurses was at an acceptable level. Considering the relationship between happiness and job satisfaction, and given the importance of job satisfaction in the motivation and retention of nurses in the profession, it is necessary to pay attention to this matter.

The study aimed to determine the intrinsic motivation of undergraduate nursing students based on their perceived motivational climate.
This cross-sectional research was conducted on 165 students, who were selected through simple random sampling. Data collection tools were standard intrinsic motivation and perceived motivational climate (consisting of perceived mastery and performance climates) questionnaires. Moreover, data analysis was performed in SPSS using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, and linear regression.
In this research, a significant and positive relationship was observed between intrinsic motivation and perceived mastery and motivational climates (P According to the results of the study, it seems that improvement and modification of the perceived mastery and motivational climates in learning environments can increase intrinsic motivation for learning in students.

Artificial airway suctioning is an important intervention to take care of mechanically ventilated patients. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of artificial airway suction based on the comprehensive criteria for suctioning on the patient's hemodynamic status in ICU.
This study was a randomized clinical trial by before-after design with one control group. 60 mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the ICU were selected by convenience sampling and were assigned into two 30-member groups using a block random allocation method. To collect the data, we used demographic and hemodynamic status sheet. In experimental and control groups the need for suctioning was determined on the basis of comprehensive and common suction standards respectively. Hemodynamic status was determined before suctioning and 2 and 5 minutes after suctioning. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software.
Compare the mean of arterial pressure (MAP) and O2 saturation between two groups respectively showed a significant difference in 2 minutes (P=0.001 and P=0.015) and 5 minutes (P=0.006 and P=0.001) after intervention. The mean difference of MAP (p=0.041), oxygen saturation (p=0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.021) were significantly different from the Baseline after 2 and 5 minutes of the intervention.
It seems suctioning based on comprehensive criteria is effective in preventing side effects and maintaining hemodynamic stability in mechanically ventilated patients.

Introduction and Aims: The evaluation of the quality of life helps us to fundamentally focus on the patients’ problems and drastically causes the treatment methodologies to be reconsidered. The present research studies the quality of life and related factors in the Hemodialysis patients in the educational hospitals of Zanjan, Iran.
This descriptive cross-sectional study has been carried out on 74 patients in two Hemodialysis centers in Zanjan. Convenience sampling was done in 3 months. To assess the different parameters, standard of living questionnaire of kidney patients (KDQOL) was used.
The findings showed that 8.1% of the patients had a good quality of life, 70.2% experienced medium quality of life and 21.7% had a poor quality of life. The mean and the standard deviation were 44.4 and 14.2. The highest average and standard deviation of the quality of life of samples in the 9 aspects were related to “pain” with the scores of 57.6 and 12. Also the lowest was related to “physical health problems” with the numbers of 18.5 and 11.
According to the results of this research, the poor quality of life is remarkable among the hemodialysis patients. Definitely accurate planning with a proper focus on the most important elements related to the quality of these patients’ lives can be helpful.

Stress is a common and important psychological problem among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Stress can negatively affect the quality of life, treatment acceptance, and disease progress in patients. Participation of patient in self-care activities lead to more independence and patients adjustments with their illnesses. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a self-care educational program based on the Orem's model on stress in hemodialysis patients. This semi-experimental pretest-posttest study was conducted in the educational hospitals affiliated to Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Participants were selected among from patients undergoing hemodialysis through convenience method; and were allocated into two intervention and control groups using blocked randomization. After baseline measurement, the educational program was implemented in the intervention group for 30-minutes weekly sessions. Stress was measured before and one month after the intervention in both groups using the stress part of the DASS-42 questionnaire. The data were analyzed in the SPSS-19 using descriptive statistics, paired-t test, independent t-test, and chi-squared test. The mean age of the participants was 55.13±15.1 years. Most of the participants were male (63.3%), 76.0% were married; and 47.88% had not finished the high school. There was a significant decrease in the mean stress score after the intervention (P<0.001). There was also a significant difference in the mean of stress score between the two groups after the intervention (p=0.03). According to the positive effect of our educational program designed based on the Orem's self-care model, it seems that the program could be implemented to decrease stress in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Clinical practice is considered a very important part of the nursing education. Effective and dynamic interactions among the students, Health care providers, instructors, and the clinical environment and its elements affect their professional development. This report is part of a major study that describes the final year experience of BSN student in the clinical environment. through this qualitative study, the data was collected from 12 undergraduate nursing students in two large nursing and midwifery schools and two new graduated students. In-depth semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of participants during their clinical placements and after graduation. The data were analyzed using the Straussian version (1998) of grounded theory method. Professional pride as one of the significant findings of study was evident in experiences of participating students in the final year of their study. Professional pride as one of the most important results of the seminal study consisted of three subcategories: professional adequacy, accepted by others, and the practice of being professional. This feeling initiated and developed through last three semesters. Participants while acquiring individual capabilities and professional competencies, due to prolong presence in clinical environments had much more opportunities to interact and to make relationship with patients and health care members. In addition, they found that they must to be ready to practice in the real workplace. Professional pride experienced by student nurses coincided with entering to the Internship program. Revision of the philosophy, mission, and goals of the Internship program and make any modifications in execution of program in the clinical settings can result in positive effects on socialization and role transition of the student nurses. Recommendations to enhance the clinical experiences of student nurses in final year of their study were outlined.

The local infection of temporary transvenous pacemaker catheter site is a common hospital acquired infections. This study aimed to assess the effect of the Chlorhexidine Glaciate 2% on prevention of local infection on temporary transvenous pacemaker catheter site. In this 7-month randomized controlled trial, 100 patients having temporary transvenous pacemaker were randomly divided into Chlorhexidine (n=52) and Betadine (n=48) groups. Before catheter insertion, the site (femoral vein) was disinfected with related solutions. Insertion site for redness, edema, tenderness and exoda were assessed daily and the dressing was changed using the same solution. Data were analyzed in the SPSS-16. Redness and tenderness were less reported in the Chlorhixidine group (P=0.006). Edema has been occurred in both groups (p>0.05). Exude was not reported in any patient of the groups. The Chlorhexidine Glaciate 2% was more effective than the Beta dine 10% in prevention of temporary transvenous pacemaker catheter site local infection.

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is a common procedure in treatment of coronary artery diseases. Anxiety is a common psychological reaction to cardiovascular interventions. Anxiety can affect physiological responses and cause blood pressure increase, cardiac output decrease, cardiac o2 demand increase, and finally ischemic pain. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of aromatherapy massage on anxiety of patients undergone the PCI.

In this semi-experimental study, 76 patients undergone elective PCI who had met the inclusion criteria for the study were recruited using convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two control and experimental groups. The patients in the control group received routine care with eight hours bed rest after the PCI. The patients in the experimental group underwent aromatherapy massage with a solution composed of mint, celery and lavender essences in sweet almond oil)%1 concentration). The intensity of anxiety was measured using the Spilberger state anxiety inventory in three stages (prior to the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and two hours after the intervention). The incidence of bleeding was observed before and after the intervention. The incidence of hematoma was observed 24 hours after the intervention.

The intensity of anxiety had significantly decreased after aromatherapy massage in the experimental group in comparison with the control group (P< 0.0005). The effect was stable up to two hours after the intervention (P< 0.0005). In the experimental group, anxiety decreased significantly after the intervention (P< 0.0005). None of the patients in the study had bleeding. Moreover, 92.1% of patients were satisfied from the intervention procedure.

The results showed that the aromatherapy massage was a safe, non-expensive, and effective method in decreasing anxiety of patients undergone the PCI.