farhad safarpour dehkordi

Listeriosis is one of the most important food-borne diseases caused by Listeria species especially L. monocytogenes. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria species isolated from smoked and salted fish in Isfahan and Bandar anzali. From August 2009 to April 2011, a total of 120 samples of various smoked (n= 80) and salted Iranian fish (n= 40) were obtained from randomly selected retail stores in Isfahan and Bandaranzali cities and were evaluated for the presence of Listeria spp. using standard cultural and PCR methods. Then antibiogram tests were done for determination of antimicrobial resistance. 7 (8.8%) and 6 (15%) of smoked and salted fish samples were positive for Listeria spp. respectively. L. monocytogenes, L. innocua and L. seeligari were isolated from 2.5, 6.7 and 1.6% of fish samples. 9 of 13 Listeria isolates (69.2%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. Resistance to nalidixic acid (53.8%) and tetracycline (30.8%) were the most common finding. The results of this study indicate the potential risk of infection with Listeria in people consuming raw or under cooked smoked and salted fish. Also, the results obtained in this study indicate the need for an appropriate strategy of surveillance and epidemiological monitoring to control the development of resistance.

Annually، many reports of occurrence of food poisoning due to the consumption of sea-foods contaminated with Vibrio species have been published. The present study was carried out to study the prevalence rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. cholera and evaluation of presence of virulence genes of V. parahaemolyticus in sea-food products caught from Persian Gulf. In total، 200 samples of fish، lobster and crab caught from Persian Gulf collected in the summer of 2013 and were transferred to the food quality control laboratory of the Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord. Samples were cultured and the positive specimens were evaluated for presence of bacterial species and virulence genes using Polymerase Chain Reaction. In total، 34. 5% of samples were contaminated with Vibrio species. Frequency of V. cholera and V. parahaemolyticus were 5% and 21%، respectively. 8. 5 percent of samples were contaminated with other species of Vibrio. From a total of 42 positive samples of V. parahaemolyticus، frequency of tdh، tlh and trh virulence genes were 45. 93%، 40. 47% and 16. 46%، respectively. The sea-food products of Persian Gulf were infected with V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholera. Fish samples had the highest prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholera. It seems that، places of fishing and processing and the moods of transportation and distribution of fish، lobster and crab don’t have suitable hygiene in Iran.

Nutritional and economic importance of milk and dairy products is undeniable. In a day, Millions of people use from these products in their daily deals but unfortunately the hygienic quality of milk and dairy products can be changed due to presence of microbial pathogens. Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium are two important milk-borne pathogens. Their pathogenicity is occurred by several putative virulence genes. This study was carried out for investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp., Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium in milk and dairy products and study the presence of their virulence factors. Totally, 360 milk and dairy products were collected from Isfahan province and were immediately transferred to the Food Microbiology Research Center of Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord. All samples were cultured and their positive results were subjected to PCR method in order to determine the exact incidence rates of Salmonella spp., Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium and their virulence genes. Totally, 1.66% of samples were Salmonella positive. The incidence of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium were 0.27% and 0.83%, respectively. Raw sheep milk had the highest prevalence of Salmonella spp. (7.5%). All of the Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium isolates harbored their certain virulence factors. To our best knowledge the present study is the first prevalence report of Salmonella spp., Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium in raw sheep and goat samples in Iran. Consumption of pasteurized milk and dairy products can reduce the risk of salmonellosis.

A lot of children suffer from urinary infections which can lead to pyelonephritis and cystitis. The main cause of these infections is uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. Serogroups and virulence factors of this bacterium play an important role in occurrence of infection’s symptoms. Unfortunately, due to the occurrence of antibiotic resistances, common treatments are ineffective and costly. The aim of this study was to study the distribution of virulence factors, serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from pediatrics with pyelonephritis and cystitis. In this study which was conducted during the year 2012 to 2013, 121 Escherichia coli strains were isolated from boys (51 samples) and girls (70 samples) with pyelonephritis and cystitis impatient in Baqiat-alah Hospital, Tehran. Antibiotic resistance of the isolates against commonly used antibiotics in the cases of urinary infections was investigated using disk diffusion method. Finally, PCR reactions using specific primers were done in order to detect virulence factors, serogroups and antibiotic resistance genes. Totally, 45.09% of boys and 55.71% of girls were positive for presence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. The highest distribution of bacterium was seen in less than one year old boys (71.42%) and 5-12 years old girls (75%). Results showed that the distribution of Escherichia coli in children with pyelonephritis and cystitis were 55.55% and 44.89%, respectively. The most commonly detected serogroups in children with pyelonephritis were O1, O2, O4 and O7 while, the most commonly detected serogroups in children with cystitis were O1, O2, O6 and O16. The most frequent virulence factors in the cases of pyelonephritis were pap (100%), afa (97.5%), sfa (95%), hly (95%) and cnf-1 (92.5%) and their most frequent in the cases of cystitis were fim (100%), pap (72.7%), afa (63.6%) and hly (45.4%). The genes which encode antibiotic resistance against gentamicin (aac(3)-IV) (96.7%), beta-lactams (blaSHV and CITM) (90.3% and 88.7%, respectively), tetracycline (tetA) (82.2%), had the highest incidence in the bacterial isolates. Escherichia coli isolates had the highest antibiotic resistance against gentamicin (95.1%), ampicillin (91.9%), amikacin (85.4%) and ciprofloxacin (83.8%). Determination of the antibiotic resistance pattern in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from children with urinary infections is important in each area or in hospital. Imipenem, due to its low antibiotic resistance, can be an effective drug for treatments of children with pyelonephritis and cystitis.