fariba shahraki

In order to maintain and promote social health, special attention should be directed towards risky behaviors and the relevant effective factors especially in high-risk groups.. This study was aimed to identify the prevalence of substance abuse and its related factors among adolescents in Zahedan, Southeast of Iran.. This cross-sectional study included a total of 1000 randomly-selected boy and girl high school students by cluster sampling method. Goldberg’s general health questionnaire and the risk behaviors questionnaire were used for collecting data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics (i.e. frequency and percentage).. The incidences of first experience of water pipe smoking (hookah), chewing tobacco (Nas), tramadol, drugs and alcohol were 21.5%, 6.1%, 4.7%, 4.2% and 7.2%, respectively. The results the incidence in total also showed that 3.5% of the students started smoking in 2010. In addition, lifetime experience and annual incidence of these behaviors was 2 - 5 times more likely among adolescents with a family member or a friend who uses substances, compared with those without a history of substance use. Furthermore, such behaviors were 2 - 3 times higher in adolescents with abnormal general health compared with the normal ones.. Based on the results, the prevalence and incidence of risky behaviors particularly the age at the first experience among students is worrisome. Thus, it is imperative to begin prevention programs for younger adolescents..

In order to maintain and promote social health, special attention should be directed towards risky behaviors and the relevant effective factors especially in high-risk groups.. This study was aimed to identify the prevalence of substance abuse and its related factors among adolescents in Zahedan, Southeast of Iran.. This cross-sectional study included a total of 1000 randomly-selected boy and girl high school students by cluster sampling method. Goldberg’s general health questionnaire and the risk behaviors questionnaire were used for collecting data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics (i.e. frequency and percentage).. The incidences of first experience of water pipe smoking (hookah), chewing tobacco (Nas), tramadol, drugs and alcohol were 21.5%, 6.1%, 4.7%, 4.2% and 7.2%, respectively. The results the incidence in total also showed that 3.5% of the students started smoking in 2010. In addition, lifetime experience and annual incidence of these behaviors was 2 - 5 times more likely among adolescents with a family member or a friend who uses substances, compared with those without a history of substance use. Furthermore, such behaviors were 2 - 3 times higher in adolescents with abnormal general health compared with the normal ones.. Based on the results, the prevalence and incidence of risky behaviors particularly the age at the first experience among students is worrisome. Thus, it is imperative to begin prevention programs for younger adolescents..

The purpose of this research was to study the attitudes of pregnant women with intention of elective cesarean section, based on the theory of planned behavior. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 150 pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy with an intention or decision to elective cesarean section, who were selected through probability sampling. The collection tool of information was a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior. In a majority of women, the attitude and the control of perceived behavior was weak or intermediate. The ANOVA test showed a significant statistical correlation between the means scores of attitude with education level and the control of perceived behavior with type of previous labor. Obedience incentive was based on physicians, mothers, and spouses’ decisions, respectively. Continuous classes for training psychological skills and the preparation of mothers for delivery should be established to decrease the interest of pregnant women toward elective cesarean section.