farideh kouchak

 Studies have shown that excessive use of social networks may cause mental disorders. This study was conducted to elucidate the relationship between the use of cell phone’s social networks and mental health.

 A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022, in which totally 250 staff members of Golestan University of Medical Sciences participated. Proportional random stratified sampling method was used. The data collection tool was a checklist of demographic variables. Additionally, valid and reliable questionnaires on the use of mobile cell phone’s social networks and mental health were exploited. The data was analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software (v.24) and statistical tests were considered significant at P<0.05. Compliance with ethical considerations was considered in all stages of the study implementation.

 The average age of employees was 41.07±6.8 years and their average work experience was 15.04±6.93 years. About 56.8% of participants were women and the rest were men. WhatsApp was the most commonly used social network by study participants (44.8 percent). The average score of using mobile social network and mental health was 21.81±5.74 and 35.17±6.20 respectively. The use of social networks revealed a statistically significant association with the total score of mental health (P < 0.001).

 The amount of social networks use was reported at a low level and the mental health of employees needs serious interventions. Considering the existence of a relationship between the engagement in social networks and mental health, the controlled use of social networks can prevent employees' mental health from being compromised.

occupational hazards in nurses are very high, which leads to increased absenteeism from the workplace, more visits to the doctor, reduced service provision, loss of working hours and disability. Improper safety climate can be one of the causes of occupational accidents. This study was conducted to determinate the prevalence, causes of occupational hazards and the existing safety climate in Gorgan educational hospitals from the nurses' point of view.

This was a cross-sectional study and was conducted in teaching hospitals of Gorgan city. 267 nurses participated in the study by stratified random sampling. The data were collected using valid and reliable questionnaires on the frequency of occupational hazards, causes of occupational hazards, and safety climate and were analyzed using Spearman, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis correlation coefficient tests.

In terms of physical injuries, 94% of nurses had suffered from musculoskeletal disorders. 90.3% expressed that they were threatened and verbally and physically attacked by the patient and his companions. The large amount of nursing work (61%) was the main and most common cause of occupational injuries in the workplace of nurses. The average score of the existing safety climate was 3.10 ± 0.6.

A high percentage of nurses reported physical and mental injuries caused by work, and the safety atmosphere among nurses was relatively moderate. To reduce physical injuries, nursing managers must pay attention to injury prevention methods and how to deal with this problem.

Accurate and objective evaluation of clinical competence is considered as one of the most important aspects of clinical education of medical students It is where the student's abilities to solve patients' problems are measured. The use of clinical guidelines as standard and up-to-date resources for the management of diseases should be accompanied by appropriate training, regular practice and constant updating to be useful. The aim of this study was to apply the clinical guidelines of family physicians in Social and Family Medicine Internship in to improve clinical competency of medical interns in Golestan University of Medical Sciences in 2019.

 This study is a quasi-experimental study. The number of students in this study was 50 according to the census based on the planning of educational affairs of the medical school in 2019 in Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Interns participated in this study periodically for 4 months based on the selection of the social medicine department. A two-day workshop was held to get acquainted with the topics of the course, knowledge goals, attitudes and skills and educational methods of problem solving and brainstorming techniques. The interns then entered two comprehensive health centers selected by the Vice Chancellor for Education and spent the rest of the course in these centers with the aim of finding problems and providing solutions, using clinical guidelines and patient management. In this study, we used a questionnaire in the form of 13 questions in the areas of "The effect of clinical instruction teaching on learning and decision-making power, scenario design and group activities with answers in a four-choice Likert scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree with a score of 0 to 3.collected information was analyzed with using descriptive statistics in the software excel.

 50 medical interns of Golestan University of Medical Sciences participated in this study. Eighty percent agreed that teaching clinical guidance would lead to more lasting learning on the subject. 90% agreed that it is also effective in the step-by-step treatment of patients. Interns wanted more attention to accompany interns with family doctor visits, more attention to clinical guidelines and algorithms in the management of patients covered by the centers, to make the course content more practical.

Teaching clinical guides to students and emphasizing its importance can play an important role in increasing their skills and abilities in the step-by-step treatment of diseases. As a result, applying disease management training can lead to deeper learning in interns

Referral chain and its efficiency in different levels of health care system leads to optimal use of manpower and equipment. The purpose of this study was to explain the management challenges in establishing an electronic referral system.

A qualitative study was conducted in Golestan province (Iran) in 2009 with inductive content analysis approach. Participants in the study were family physicians and specialists, managers and experts in charge of electronic referral system in the Deputy of Health, Deputy of Treatment, Department of Statistics and Information Technology, General Department of Health Insurance of the province who were purposefully selected. Data were collected during 39 semi-structured interviews and analyzed by content analysis using Atlas.ti 8 software.

The management challenges of Golestan province referral system were classified into 5 main categories (planning, coordination, organization, leadership and motivation, control and supervision) and 28 sub-categories.

The need to pay more attention to the management challenges resulting from the study and selection of appropriate strategies to improve the current situation, can lead to a quantitative and qualitative improvement of the patient referral system.

Given the role of evidence-based practice (EBP) in the improvement of patient care including midwifery care, the current study aimed at investigating knowledge and practice of midwives worked in health centers in terms of EBP in Golestan Province, North of Iran. The current cross sectional study was conducted in Golestan Province, North of Iran in 2014. Of 389 midwives worked in family health centers of Golestan Province, 262 subjects were selected using census sampling method. Data collection tool was a self-report questionnaire consisted of three parts: 1) Demographic characteristics; 2) Participants's knowledge about EBP; 3) Participant's practice of EBP. Data were finally analyzed with SPSS version 16. P-value < 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. The mean score of the study subjects in knowledge and use of EBP were 13.2 ± 6.3 and 2.1 ± 1.2, respectively. In other words, 90% of midwives got the score < 22. Significant relationships were found between knowledge and participants’ age (P = 0.001), marital status (P = 0.008), and level of education (P = 0.039). Also, there was a significant relationship between use of EBP and type of recruitment (P = 0.014), workplace (urban or rural) (P ≥ 0.05), and age (P < 0.05). According to Spearman test, there was a remarkable, linear relationship between knowledge and use of EBP (r = 0.437). Knowledge and use of EBP in daily practice among midwives was poor. Given the role of EBP in the improvement of patient care, it is necessary to improve the level of knowledge and utilize EBP efficiently and effectively among healthcare workers using appropriate plans designed by health policymakers.

Permanent first molars are susceptible to caries due to their particular anatomical form, early development and lack of knowledge of parents about their permanence. This study was conducted to determine the index of first permanent dental careis (DMF6) and some of its related factors in 12 year-old students.
This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 400 students (200 females and 200 males) using combined method (stratified and cluster sampling) from public and non-governmental schools in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2015-16. First permanent molar examination was carried out. The parent's education level, frequency of toothbrushing and daily consumption of sugar-containing snack foods was recorded in a questionnaire. Each decayed, missing and filled first permanent molar tooth was given number one. These numbers were combined to compute the DMF6 index for each individual.
The DMF6 index was zero in 19.5% and the DMF6 index was determined to be between 1 and 4 in 80.5% of the children. The mean DMF6 index was 2.23±0.07 and significantly higher in girls (2.39±0.10) than in boys (2.07±0.11) (P Dental caries prevalence among 12-years-old students in north of Iran is higher (2.23) than global standard until 2020 (lower than 1). Gender of child, parent’s education, frequency of toothbrushing and consumption of sugar-containing snack foods plays an important role in the rate of dental caries.

Evaluate the adherence to facility management and safety standards among governmental and non-governmental hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. In this cross sectional study, 22 hospitals of the 33 hospitals in Shiraz, Iran including 13 governmental and 9 non-governmental facilities were surveyed. A 74-item self-administered questionnaire was used. Collected data were entered to SPSS Version 15.0 software. The level for statistical significance was set at 0.05. Adherence to facility management and safety standards was 65.17% in governmental and 72.79% in non-governmental hospitals. Compliance by governmental hospital in the areas of leadership and planning, safety and security, emergency management, medical equipment, utility system and staff education ranged from 60% to 86%. However, hazardous materials and fire safety adherence was below 50%. For non-governmental hospitals standard compliance for all areas ranged from 60% to 86%. Compliance rates between governmental and non-governmental hospitals in the areas of hazardous materials and staff education standards were statistically significantly different (p=0.02 and p=0.05 respectively). To achieve more effective functional health care services, additional studies must be undertaken to assess the nature and extent of problem areas that exist in planning, implementing and monitoring of facility management and safety programs.

Informed consent is an important part of the patients’ rights and hospitals are assigned to obtain informed consent before any diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Obtaining an informed consent enables patients to accept or reject their care or treatments and prevent future contentions among patients and medical staff. This survey was carried out during 2011-2. We assessed adherence of 33 Shiraz hospitals (governmental and non-governmental) to informed consent standards defined by Joint Commission International (JCI) Accreditation, USA. The questionnaire was designed using the Delphi method and then filled out by hospital matrons. We calculated valid percent frequency for each part of the questionnaire and compared these frequencies in governmental and non-governmental hospitals using analytical statistics. Considering 63% of the hospitals that filled out the questionnaire, no statistically significant difference was observed between the governmental and non-governmental hospitals in adherence to informed consent standards. This study shows a relatively acceptable adherence to standards about informed consent in Shiraz hospitals but the implementation seems not to be as satisfactory.

To compare the level of knowledge, the attitudes, and practices with regards to tobacco use between Iranian students at a public (PBU) and Islamic Azad (IAU) university. A cross‑sectional design was used in this study. As the number of students at the IAU were three times greater than that of the PBU, we selected 150 students from the PBU and 450 students from the IAU using simple random sampling. A 57‑item survey instrument was utilized for this study. The collected data were recorded by SPSS version 15 software and then it underwent statistical analysis using descriptive statistics and ANOVA to compare the difference between means of knowledge, attitude and practice scores. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify variables that have an independent association with students smoking and to describe possible variations in these relationships. The P value level for statistical significance was set at 0.05. From participants, 46.8% were females, 10% of 327 students reported being daily smokers; of these, 84% were from the IAU. Totally, among the 107 smokers, 61 (57%) and 29 (27.1%) were water pipe and cigarettes smokers, respectively. Ninety‑three IAU students (21.7%) and 30 PBU students (20.7%) reported smoking during the past 30 days. The mean of the knowledge items between the students of IAU was lower than PBU students. Female gender, smoking in the home, and allowing visitors to smoke in the home were significant predictors of smoking in the past 30 days in PBU, respectively. In IAU, female gender, smoking by friends, and health status were predictors for smoking in the past 30 days. Future studies should assess the factors affecting smoking initiation, as well as effective techniques for the prevention of smoking initiation and substance abuse in Iranian adolescents and young adults.