farima mohamadi

One of the medical interventions in childbirth is episiotomy which is used to widen the pelvic outlet. The pain resulting from episiotomy affects mother's quality of life. Malva sylvestris L is one of the oldest medicinal plants that have pain relief properties due to its flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The present study was performed with aim to determine the effect of Malva sylvestris L ointment on intensity of pain episiotomy wound in primiparous women.

This triple-blind randomized clinical trial study with a control group was conducted on 92 primiparous women (43 in Malva sylvestris L group and 49 in placebo group) referred to Mahdieh Hospital in Tehran in 2022-2023. After delivery, a fingertip-sized amount of ointment was prescribed for local application to the episiotomy incision twice daily for 10 nights for both study groups. Data collection tools included the demographic questionnaire, midwifery characteristics checklist, and visual pain assessment scale (VAS). Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (version 27) and chi-square, independent t and Fisher's exact tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

No statistically significant differences were found between the Malva sylvestris L and placebo groups regarding demographic characteristics, obstetric and health status prior to the intervention (P>0.005). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the intensity of pain scores before the intervention (P=0.809). The mean pain score in the Malva sylvestris L group on the fifth day and the tenth day had a statistically significant difference with the placebo group (P<0.001).

Malva sylvestris L extract ointment reduces the pain of episiotomy wound in primiparous women.

Inappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) may increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. To prevent these risks, determining optimal weight gain is a priority in prenatal care. The objective of this study was to determine the GWG of women referring to health centers for their prenatal care visits in Tehran in 2016.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran, Iran. The study population included all pregnant women receiving prenatal care visits from April 2016 to March 2017 in 12 health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti and Iran Universities of Medical Sciences. The sampling method was census and a total of 232 people were surveyed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 using statistics of frequency, mean and standard deviation. To investigate the relationship between variables, correlation method was used by using Pearson's correlation coefficient at a significance level of 0.05.

The mean (SD) of age of women was 28.6 (5.4) with a range of 18 to 40 years. According to the pre-pregnancy body mass index, among 220 pregnant women, 6 (2.7%) were underweight, 112 (50.9%) were normal, 78 (35.4%) were overweight, and 24 (11%) people were obese. The mean (SD) of GWG was 11.7 (4.3) kilograms and among 177 pregnant women, 76 (42.9%) had GWG within, 55 (31.1%) had GWG below and 46 (26) had GWG above guidelines.

The prevalence of GWG above guidelines was higher in overweight and obese women than underweight and normal women in this study. Therefore, achieving the appropriate weight before pregnancy and close monitoring of weight gain during pregnancy is recommended.

Due to its role in promoting appropriate decisions on the health of individuals, health literacy can affect their quality of life. This study aimed at determining the correlation between health literacy and quality of life in athletic disabled women in Tehran. This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2017 among 169 athletic disabled women of the federation for the disabled and veterans in Tehran, who were selected by simple random sampling. Quality of life (SF-36) and health literacy questionnaires (HELIA) were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20, using Pearson correlation coefficient and liner regression test. The mean score of total health literacy was 101.29±28.79 and the mean score of total quality of life was 53.02±21.94. There was a direct and significant correlation between the dimensions of physical and mental health of quality of life with all aspects of health literacy (p<0.01). Also, availability, reading, comprehension, evaluation, decision-making and application explained the variance in quality of life by 42.7%, 41.6%, 40.9%, 36.2% and 19.4% (p<0.05). Having fair health literacy could improve the quality of life of athletic disabled women.

Elderly is challenging period of lifespan. Old people need more caring during this time and paying attention to their needs is a social responsibility. Insufficiency in their cognitive function of the brain is as common problems in this living period. Therefore, the aim of current research is to determine the difference between active and inactive elderly in the cognitive function of the brain.
Material and The current study is Expost facto with causal-comparative design. The population of study was included all active and inactive elderly nursing home residents in the 6th district of Tehran that 60 active and 60 inactive elderly with voluntary sampling method were selected. The research instruments were Sharkey Physical Activity Index and Mini Mental State Examination. Statistical analysis conducted by independent t test and SPSS-22.
The mean (SD) of the cognitive function score in two groups of active and inactive elderly was respectively 21.7(3), 10.2(1.8) (P The study showed that physical activity was effective in cognitive function of elderly. Hence, this method could be considered by counselors and mental health professionals in nursing homes and retirement centers, as a treatment approach to existing therapies.

Visual memory and space intelligence are the most important talents for karate athletes. Therefore, the present study investigated the visual memory and space intelligence of female Karate students who practiced Kata and Kumite.
The method of this research was Ex post facto design. One hundred seventy selected female athletes who were practicing in Karate under the supervision of Iran Karate Federation were selected. Ninety of athletes practiced in Kata, and eighty of them practiced Kumite. The sample was selected by targeting method. The instruments of this study were two questionnaires included; John Luis Selier visual memory test, and Minnesota space visualization test.
The results showed that female athletes who practiced Kata had significantly higher visual memory than Kumite group. However, there was no differences between space intelligence in these two groups.
Our data revealed that the visual memory and space intelligence are very vital and play a key role in karate. To achieve a better result in karate competitions, practice and reinforcement of these skills seems to be crucial.

Addiction has negative consequences on addicted person and his/her family members. The goal of present research was specific effectiveness of Hope group Therapy on Body image and Sexual Satisfaction in Addicted men.
The research method was semi- experimental with pre and post test by experimental and control groups. Sixty addicted men were selected from Razzi addiction rehabilitation center in Tehran. The participants were elected randomized from who gained the lower scores in sexual satisfaction and body image questionnaires. They were replaced randomized in two groups of research experimental and control. For gathering data used two questionnaires including, Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS) and Fisher Body Image. The collected data were entered into SPSS-20 statistical software and analyzed using Covariance method.
The findings of research indicated that the mean scores of body image and sexual satisfaction were raised dramatically and significantly after the intervention in experimental group (P The results of this study revealed that hope group therapy as a significant psychotherapy intervention can be apply in psychological and rehabilitation centers. This therapy can be improve and help the body image and sexual satisfaction in addicted men.

From the perspective of psychology, obesity can lead to the negative attitude, stress and the increasing the risks of psychological disorders. From the viewpoint of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), psychological disorders are due to the fusion of psychological and cognitive inflexibility. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an acceptance and commitment group therapy on improving the depression and body image among female with obesity.
This quasi-experimental study was performed through pre-posttest with the intervention and the control groups. The target population of this research was total obese women depression symptoms and negative body image who referred to nutrition and sports clubs in East of Tehran in 2014. 30 obese women with depression symptoms and negative body image were selected through purposeful sampling and randomly divided in the intervention and the control groups. The intervention group participated in acceptance and commitment group therapy sessions include once a week for two months (a total of 8 sessions).The control group received no intervention. All participants were evaluated in the first and last meeting by the Beck Depression Inventory and body image questionnaires. To analyze the data descriptive parameters such as frequency and standard deviation and statistical tests such as t-test for comparison two independent groups were used.
The results showed a significant reduction in depression scores (P The study showed that acceptance and commitment group therapy in women with obesity lead to the reduction in depression and increase the desirable perception of body image, therefore, the use of this therapeutic approach is recommended in women with obesity.

The organizations are obligated to take sufficient attention to human resources in order to attain greater efficiency and ultimately achieve their goals. Considering the importance of desirable behavior in organizations and its impact on the attitudes and perceptions of employees, it is necessary to pay special attention to the treatment of staff and their needs. The present study was prepared to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and conflict management styles and job burnout among health care employees in north Tehran.
The study was done descriptive-analytical among employees with at least 6 months of experience and with a sample size of 224 patients at the health center. Data collection tools consisted job satisfaction, job burnout and conflict management questionnaires. SPSS software was used for data analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient and T-test was used for independent groups.
The result indicates positive and significant relationship between job satisfactions with solution-oriented styles, job satisfaction has a negative and significant relationship with control strategy. Non confrontational strategy has not significant relationship with job satisfaction. Also, all of the components of job burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) have a significant negative correlation with job satisfaction, and solution-oriented strategy has a negative significant correlation with emotional exhaustion.
According to the correlation of job satisfaction with burnout, control strategy and solution-oriented styles, managers can use efficient methods such as pay and benefits commensurate with ability and experience, training and professional improvement, freedom of action, the division of labor based on merit and ability, etc. affect their behavior and increase their efficiency and effectiveness in order to further the organizational goals.

Today, the organizations are obligated to take sufficient attention to human resources in order to attain greater efficiency and ultimately achieve their goals. Considering the importance of desirable behavior in organizations and its impact on the attitudes and perceptions of employees, it is necessary to pay special attention to the treatment of staff and their needs. The present study was prepared to investigate the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment and job satisfaction among health care employees in north Tehran.
The study was done descriptive-analytical among employees with at least 6 months of experience and with a sample size of 259 patients at the health center. Data collection tools consisted job satisfaction, organizational justice and organizational commitment questionnaires. SPSS software was used for data analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient and T-test was used for independent groups and regression.
The mean (SD) of Job satisfaction in employees was 50.1 (12.3), perceived organizational justice was 66.4 (1.17) and organizational commitment was 61.3 (5.7), out of 100. The result value of the correlation coefficient indicates positive and significant relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment with job satisfaction. Also, components of affective commitment and normative commitment has a significant relationship with job satisfaction, and all of the components of organizational justice (distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice) have a significant positive correlation with job satisfaction. Regression analysis indicated that organizational justice and organizational commitment are able to predict job satisfaction of the employees. But the components of procedural justice and distributive justice were not able to predict job satisfaction, and job satisfaction can be predicted only through interactional justice. Affective commitment and normative commitment were able to predict job satisfaction as well, and continuous commitment component is not able to predict job satisfaction.
According to the correlation of organizational justice and organizational commitment with job satisfaction, managers can use efficient methods such as effective management, freedom of action, motivation and self-care, in-service training, the division of labor based on merit and ability, etc. to increase commitment, job satisfaction and justice perceptions of the employees, affect their behavior and increase their efficiency and effectiveness in order to further the organizational goals.

Leadership style or behavior is an effective factor in employee performance. The purpose of the study was to determine head's leadership style and its relationship with job satisfaction and burnout in staff of Shomal health center of Tehran. In this cross-sectional study, 207 subjects, including 16 heads and 191 health care staff of Shomal health center of Tehran participated. Data were collected using three questionnaires (leadership style, job satisfaction and burnout questionnaires). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS-18 software. Descriptive and analytic methods such as Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test were used for analysis. In this study 85.9% of heads of health centers use consideration leadership style. Overall job satisfaction of staff score was 50.1 (from 100), 48.6 in women and 55.1 in men. Managers’ leadership style had direct and significant relationship with job satisfaction of employees (P<0.001).17.3% of staff had average job burnout and 2.6% of them had high job burnout. Average job burnout in men and women were 32.5 and 37.5, respectively. Manager's leadership style had significantly inverse relationship with job burnout in staff (P<0.001). Selecting leadership style according to the working conditions and attention to modern management methods can lead to increased job satisfaction.

Nutrition is one of the effective factors in the protection of health and the prevention of disease. Therefore، determination of the relationship between nutrition choices and health of people is emphasized. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of education and nutrition consultation on changing the unhealthy nutritional habits، and improving healthy nutrition behavior among the clients of Sardar-Jangal health center in 2012. This interventional study was performed with the participation clients of Sardar Jangal health center in 2012. The sample size was 1500 and the sampling method was census. Data was gathered through a questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire included information regarding age، sex، education، employment and nutritional status. The scores between 9-11، 5-8 and less than 5، respectively، were considered as favorable، relatively favorable and unfavorable nutritional status. The participants with relatively favorable and unfavorable status were referred to nutrition education and consultation classes. At the end of the consultation classes، their nutritional status were assessed again. The data was analyzed through SPSS 21، using T-Test. In the study، 1500 clients of Sardar Jangal health center participated. The sample included 383 (25. 6%) male and 1117 (74. 4%) female. The mean age of male and female was 38. 3±21. 1 and 36. 9±17. 4 respectively. Before participating in the nutrition education and consultation classes، the nutrition status of 343 (30. 7%) of females was favorable whilst for 775 (69. 3%)، the nutritional status was unfavorable. Among 114 (29. 8%) of males it was favorable and amongst 268 (70. 2%) it was unfavorable. Between the mentioned clients، the nutrition status of 144 (20. 1%) females and 28 (12. 7%) males improved after nutritional consultation (P < 0. 001). The results showed nutritional education and consultation are effective in improving the nutritional behavior and modifying the incorrect nutritional behavior.