فهرست مطالب farnaz heshmat

Soil contamination with parasites is a serious risk for parasitic infections in humans and animals. Because of the importance of soil, as an important source for transmission of parasites to humans and animals, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of various forms of parasite oocytes and helminthes ova.
A total of 150 soil samples were collected from 150 sites in public places of Isfahan City, Iran, in 2016. Isolation of parasites from the soil was performed by saturated solution of sodium nitrate. Then, the samples were observed under microscope and positive isolates to sporulation and better recognize, were poured in 3% potassium dichromate. All the isolates were studied for further investigations with acid-fast specific staining.
Findings: from 150 samples, 84 were positive and the rest were free of any contamination. 33 samples had multiple simultaneous contaminations. 2 samples were positive for Toxoplasma gondii oocytes, 12 samples for Isospora sp. oocytes, 6 samples for Eimeria sp. oocytes, 10 samples for Cryptosporidium sp. oocytes, 13 samples for Toxocara canis oocytes, 6 samples for Toxocara cati oocytes, 4 samples for Toxascaris leonina oocytes, and 65 samples for larvae of soil nematodes.
Soil is considered as an important potential source in transmission of parasitic infections. Environmental hygiene is required for prevention of soil pollution and control of soil-borne parasitic infections especially. According to our study, the prevalence of parasites in the soil is decreased.

Onychomycosis is one of the most common clinical forms of fungal infections due to both filamentous fungi and yeasts. The genus of Candida is one of the most prominent causes of onychomycosis in all around the world. Although Candida albicans is still the most frequent cause of nail infections, use of broad-spectrum antifungal agents has led to a shift in the etiology of C. albicans to non-albicans species. The aim of the present study is rapid and precise identification of candida species isolated from nail infection by using of PCR-RFLP technique.

A total of 360 clinical yeast strains were collected from nail infections in Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted using FTA; cards. ITS1-5.8SrDNA-ITS2 region was amplified using universal primers and subsequently products were digested with the restriction enzyme MspI. For identification of newly described species (C. parapsilosis complex), the SADH gene was amplified, followed by digestion with Nla III restriction enzyme.

Candida albicans was the most commonly isolated species (41.1%), followed by C. parapsilosis (21.4%), C. tropicalis (12.8%), C. kefyr (9.4%), C. krusei (5.5%), C. orthopsilosis (4.1%), C. glabrata (2.8%), C. guilliermondii (1.4%), C. rugosa (0.8%), and C. lusitaniae (0.5%). Patients in the age groups of 51-60 and 81-90 years had the highest and lowest distribution of positive specimens, respectively.

Rapid and precise identification of Candida species from clinical specimens lead to appropriate therapeutic plans.