farzaneh gharibikanipan

Universities have also used online courses as a tool to establish lifelong learning among students. Lifelong learning has become part of the way of life due to the dynamic nature of modern society. The community's demand for lifelong learning will be supported by the growth of online learning courses. Universities can reduce the cost of education providers by developing distance learning and e-learning programs.

This qualitative study is the conventional content analysis. Medical and nursing students formed the population. Sampling was purposeful and with maximum variability. Data were collected using semi-structured individual interviews. The interview begins with general questions, and deeper questions were gradually posed in line with the research objectives.

After conducting interviews, 324 initial codes were retrieved. The themes and sub-themes are as follows:1) Perceived benefits (strengths and advantages of e-learning, and opportunities of virtual learning program), 2) Perceived weaknesses, (problems and shortcomings of the program in various dimensions, and fundamental threats of the program), and 3) Strategies to overcome obstacles and threats (infrastructure solutions and management solutions).

Considering that virtual education received serious attention with the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic, there are some shortcomings in this regard. Utilizing the results of the benefits and opportunities of virtual education can provide a good platform to improve the quality of this type of education. Besides, by looking at the obstacles and threats extracted in this study, plans can be made to solve the problems and challenges of virtual education.

Morning report is a long-lasting method in medical student's clinical education. This study was aimed to evaluate the structure and content of morning report sessions at teaching hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2015 as well as their compliance with standards proposed by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in eight wards, having active morning reports, at three teaching hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected by a two-section checklist, including structure and content. The validity of this scale was confirmed based on the opinions of experts, and its reliability was approved via inter-rater reliability. A total of 24 cases were observed and the obtained data were recorded. The recorded data were analyzed by SPSS.19 software using one-sample t-test. P As for the structure, the time of administration (100%), management of sessions (50%), venue, frequency, duration and stages of patient introduction (>50%), equipment, participants and patient's selection ( In general, running morning report sessions at teaching hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences was in line with the standards announced by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Despite the overall conformity of running morning report at teaching hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences and appropriateness of most indices, several indices that are essential for holding this important educational conference were not fully in compliance with the standards. Considering the significance of clinical education in empowering the graduate physicians in the future, it is necessary for all indices of morning report sessions to be progressing and in line with the standards.

Morning report is an important teaching method for interns and externs. Achieving the objectives of morning report affects future performance. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of morning reports. Viewpoints of 85 interns and externs at the cardiology wards of teaching hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2012-2013 were investigated. The instrument for data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by chisquare and independent t-test. Effectiveness was defined as the rate of the achievement of the goals of morning reports based on dividing the total score of the questionnaire (54 scores) into three parts of 0-17 (poor effectiveness), 18-36 (moderate effectiveness) and 37-54 (good effectiveness). The effectiveness of morning report sessions without the presence of residents was reported as moderate in hospital A, and the effectiveness of morning report sessions with the presence of residents in hospital B was reported as moderate in the opinion of interns and poor in the view of externs. There was no significant difference between the viewpoints of interns in hospitals A and B with regard to the effectiveness of morning report sessions (p=0.169). Results indicate that the higher academic level of subjects discussed in morning reports with presence of residents caused a reduction in the participation rate of interns and externs, thereby decreasing their learning and satisfaction. However, without the presence of residents, the students’ feelings of fear and anxiety were reduced and their satisfaction was heightened.