farzaneh narimani

The courtyard has a special place in the spatial structure of traditional Iranian architecture and in addition to climatic and geographical applications, it has also been important from the point of view of architectural and functional design. The suitable landscape for the surrounding spaces has overshadowed the quality of their access as well as the type and extent of their use by users. This essential member of Iranian schools has been removed from the spatial physical structure of many schools due to the lack of land and due to the density of buildings, or its location has been changed, and its role in changing the functional function of the building is ignored. This has pushed the purpose of the current research to investigate the role of the courtyard on the functional efficiency of schools, on this basis, factors such as the type of geometry of the courtyard in the configuration of the building, and its location were considered as indicators in the current research, and therefore, in general, the research method It will be quantitative and qualitative and four schools with traditional, contemporary and modern designs were selected as case examples and the analyzes related to measuring functional efficiency were carried out on them using two methods of drawing graphs and using Depthmap software. Finally, the results of the research show The existence of a courtyard with a central pattern and with a rectangular or square geometry creates the greatest amount of functional efficiency, flexibility, integrity, and also the ability to access the spaces in schools.

The courtyard has a special place in the spatial structure of traditional Iranian architecture and in addition to climatic applications, it has also been very important from a functional point of view. In this way, by placing it in the center of the building and the arrangement of other spaces around it. This essential member of Iranian schools has been removed from the spatial structure of many schools due to the lack of land and due to the density of buildings, or its location has been changed in terms of configuration, and its role in changing the functional performance of the building is ignored. This has pushed the purpose of the current research to investigate the role of the courtyard on the functional efficiency of schools. Accordingly, factors such as the type of geometry of the courtyard in the configuration of the building, its location were considered as the desired indicators in the present research. Therefore, in general, the research method will be quantitative and qualitative and Based on that, four schools with traditional, contemporary, and modern designs were selected as case examples, and analyzes related to measuring functional efficiency were performed on them using two methods of drawing graphs and using Depthmap software. Finally, the results the research showed that the presence of a courtyard with a central pattern and with a rectangular or square geometry creates the highest amount of functional efficiency in schools

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of behavioral system in the sociability of urban parks in Azadi Park of Shiraz. The method is combined that includes descriptive and analytical methods using environmental psychology, library studies and field observations. The data has been collected through questionnaires and logical reasoning.  The results show that the sociability and the multifunctionality and and the wide range of capabilities can indicate the richness of the space in such a way that despite the existing obstacles and challenges, the space has shown an acceptable function, and over time, it can develop new functions and roles, in accordance with social changes. Also, the findings show that voluntary and social activities increase the sociability of the space more than mandatory activities, and finally, it draws a model of the activity pattern; which has the greatest impact on sociability.