fateme sefidi

Background &

Quality of life is one of the important issues facing the contemporary world and one of the basic issues in the development of social policy, which includes issues such as welfare, meeting basic needs, growing and satisfying life, altruism and selflessness among communities. The outbreak of a new infectious disease called Covid-19 became a global concern in a short period of time, and on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared an outbreak of the disease. To non-attendance training so that their quality of life and mental health may be affected. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the quality of life of dental students during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The current descriptive-analytical research was conducted on 231 dental students of Qazvin by census method in the academic year of 2021-2022. The data collection tool was questionnaires of demographic characteristics and quality of life of the World Health Organization with 36 questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 24 and independent t-tests, analysis of variance and Pearson correlation.

The highest quality of life score of dental students was in the physical performance dimension (82.10±22.54) and the lowest quality of life score was in the mental health component (17.24±60.59). The average score of the overall quality of life of the students (72.84 ± 25.49) and the average score of the overall quality of life in the physical dimension (75.53 ± 32.38) and the average overall quality of life in the mental dimension (70.15 ± 18.61). A significant difference was found between the physical and mental quality of life scores of dental students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. There was a significant difference between gender and marital status with quality of life in the overall quality of life, in the physical dimension and its components, and the overall quality of life in the psychological dimension with its dimensions.

The present study aimed to determine the effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on the quality of life of dental students during the Corona period. The results showed that the average quality of life score of dental students in the dimension of physical performance is higher than other scales, the average quality of life score in the physical component was 82.10 and the average quality of life score in the mental health component was 60.59. The average score of the overall quality of life of the students was 72.84 ± 25.49 and the average score of the overall quality of life in the physical dimension was 75.53 ± 32.38. In the overall quality of life scale in the mental dimension, the average score of the studied students was 70.15 ± 18.61. A significant difference was found between the physical and psychological quality of life scores of dental students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. There is a significant difference between gender and marital status with quality of life in the overall quality of life, in the physical dimension and its components, and the overall quality of life in the psychological dimension with its dimensions. The difference in the quality of life of the studied students according to the academic semester showed that there is a significant difference between the average component of cheerfulness and vitality among the studied students in the 2nd to 6th academic semesters and the 7th to 12th academic semesters. There was no difference in other components. The average score of the quality of life in the physical dimension was 77.25 among the students who exercised and 71.88 among the students who did not exercise. This difference was statistically significant. There was a significant relationship between having a disease and quality of life in the component of physical pain, role limitation due to physical reasons, role limitation due to physical reasons, general health, and, in general, physical quality of life and mental quality of life. The study of Seyed al-Shohda and Hakimi aimed to determine the relationship between demographic variables and the quality of life of nursing students of Qom University of Medical Sciences showed that the average score of the overall quality of life of the students was 65.3 ± 19. Among the different dimensions of quality of life, the highest score belonged to the dimension of mental health, and the lowest score to the dimension of physical health. The study of Rahai et al. on the quality of life of Sabzevar Azad University students showed that the physical health dimension has the lowest score among the different dimensions of quality of life. The lack of medical care is one of the factors that reduce the physical health of students, as medical experts believe that periodic health assessments as a preventive measure are useful to maintain and improve the health of students and protect them from suffering from physical problems. he does. Comparing the results of the aforementioned studies with the present study shows that the results are not consistent. In the two mentioned studies, the psychological dimension has the highest average, while in the present study, the average of the physical performance component and overall quality of life in the physical dimension has the highest average. The reason for this can be related to the time of the studies. The current study was conducted during the epidemic of Covid-19 and during these days, there was more care for physical health. On the other hand, the presence of anxiety and fear of contracting the disease of Covid affects the quality of mental health. Life has been affected and the quality of mental life has obtained a lower average than other studies. In a study, they examined the views of medical students on the online learning environment, and their quality of life during the Covid-19 pandemic, the results showed that most of them had a positive perception of the online learning environment and average quality in concentration and sleep. These findings provided insight into medical students' perceptions of their learning environment and quality of life as they adapted to the changes caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. According to the overall average quality of life score of the studied students, it seems that they also have an average quality of life and the overall level of quality of life is not at a very good level considering the epidemic of the Covid-19 disease. In a study investigating the Corona epidemic in Poland and its impact on the quality of life of students in the context of limited access to public spaces. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the intensity of quarantine measures during the epidemic, the level of activity of students in public spaces, their physical and mental well-being, and the overall quality of their lives. Due to the epidemic of covid-19 disease and the general lack of quality of life of students, it is necessary to have written programs and strategies in universities, including the presence of psychologists and the formation of mental health workshops, the creation of sports activities and counseling programs on healthy diet to improve their quality of life.

Dentists suffer a massive burn out in their professional work because they are under extreme mental and physical pressure through their work.
Object: This study investigates to findthe dimensions of burnout such as emotional exhaustion depersonalization, and a low sense of personal fulfillment of dentists in Qazvin and its associated  factors to prevent and reducethis side effect. This cross sectional study used a maslach questionnaire among  103 generally dentists in Qazvin. The SPSS version 20 served for statistical analyses. Among the dentists 57.3% were men and mean age was 42 years. For emotional exhaustion  more than 60% of participants were in low conditionand about 14% had severe emotional  exhaustion. Majority of dentists in the study were in slight condition but 15.5% had severe depersonalization. None of the dentists studied was in difficulty in terms of job adequacy, and all of them had favorable job performance. Comparing the findings with similar researches, the burnout rate on Qazvin dentists is in favorable condition and even lower than other studies.

Antibiotic resistance is an alarming development. One of the major causes of antibiotic resistance is the improper prescription of antibiotics. This study sought to assess prescription of antibiotics and corticosteroids following endodontic procedures by general dentists practicing in Qazvin City, Iran. 
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all 108 general dentists practicing in Qazvin City, Iran in 2016. The relevant data were collected using a questionnaire. Then, the obtained data were analyzed via Chi-square test, ANOVA, Independent t-test, and Pearson correlation test using SPSS version 20.
The first and second choice antibiotics prescribed by general dentists for patients not allergic to penicillin were penicillin V (35.1%) and amoxicillin (20.8%). For allergic patients, clindamycin (29.9%) and metronidazole (20.8%) were the first and second choice. Most dentists (44.2%) prescribed antibiotics for cellulitis. In case of persistence of systemic signs/symptoms of infection for more than 2-3 days, 24.7% of dentists prescribed penicillin injection and 23.4% prescribed metronidazole. For life-threatening infections, 44.2% prescribed amoxicillin plus metronidazole and 16.1% prescribed amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. None of the responses for antibiotic prophylaxis were complete. Regarding the administration of corticosteroids, 40.3% preferred extra-oral intramuscular injection and 13% preferred tablets. Regarding contraindications for corticosteroid therapy, 9.1% of dentists gave a correct response. There was no significant correlation between gender and information (P=0.48), but the correlation between age and information was inverse and statistically significant (P=0.04).
The majority of contributed dentists in this study had insufficient information and needed further educational courses in this respect.