fatemeh aghaei

The emergence of COVID-19 in late 2019 swiftly led to a global pandemic, prompting urgent investigation into its multifaceted impacts. While prior studies have highlighted compromised sleep quality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, this research delves into the enduring effects on sleep patterns for those with severe pulmonary involvement post-intensive care. This study addresses a critical gap in understanding the long-term consequences of the virus, emphasizing the importance of post-recovery care.

Conducted as a cross-sectional study, we consecutively enrolled COVID-19 patients with over 20% pulmonary involvement admitted to the ICU at Shariati Hospital, Tehran, between June 2021 and January 2022. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from hospital records. After ethics committee approval, participants were contacted six months post-discharge to assess sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Exclusions comprised obstructive sleep apnea patients and those with incomplete records.

Of the 60 eligible post-COVID-19 patients, 56 participated. Three individuals were unresponsive to calls, while one declined. Participants, primarily female (64.3%), had a mean age of 51.7 years. Notably, 80.4% exhibited sleep disorders six months post-discharge. Gender differences were observed, with females reporting higher scores in specific sleep quality components. Intriguingly, single individuals demonstrated a higher preference for sleep medication. These findings underscore the imperative for targeted interventions to improve post-ICU sleep quality in severe COVID-19 cases.

The high prevalence of sleep disorders six months post-discharge underscores the enduring impact of COVID-19 on sleep quality. These findings call for targeted interventions and comprehensive post-ICU care protocols that prioritize sleep health.

Statement of the Problem:

 Dentin adhesion is challenging and needs modifications. Newly introduced nature-derived materials may be a useful solution in improving dentin adhesion. The use of natural antimicrobial agents for pretreating prepared dentin surfaces before restoration has become of interest.

The present study investigated the effect of natural compounds on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin composite adhesively bonded to dentin.

Sixty extracted human molar teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n= 10); Group I: two-step etch and rinse adhesive system, Adper Single Bond 2 (SB2) (experimental control), Group II: 2.5% Chitosan+etch+SB2, Group III: 15% Neem (Azadirachta indica)+etch+SB2, Group IV: 15% Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum)+etch+SB2, Group V: 2% Aloe vera+etch+SB2, and group VI: 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX)+etch+SB2. Resin composite (Z350, 3M ESPE USA) was placed over the prepared dentin surfaces and was light cured. Data analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test (p< 0.05).

Neem specimens showed the highest mean SBS, statistically greater than the contr-ol (p= 0.042). Other experimental groups showed no significant differences in SBS comparison to the control. The mean SBS values of 2.5% Chitosan, 15% Neem, 15% Tulsi, and 2% Aloe vera were significantly higher than 2% CHX (p= 0.046, p= 0.001, p= 0.010 and p =0.002 respectively).

Dentin pretreatment with Neem may improve the bond strength of a two-step etch and rinse adhesive system. The application of Chitosan, Tulsi, Aloe vera, and CHX did not demonstrate significantly different SBS values from that of the Control, although CHX was lower.

In this study, our aim is to investigate the complications caused by COVID-19 disease in the period of 1 month and 3 months after infection and recovery in patients aged 20 to 80 admitted to the special care department of Shariati Hospital in Tehran.

The information of the patients in this research was collected between 1 and 3 months after discharge non-randomly and from among the samples that are available (consecutive), through phone calls and a prospective questionnaire including questions about complications such as fatigue, body pain, joint pain, anorexia, disorders, sleep, headache, depression, dizziness, palpitations, chest pain, cough, diabetes, skin disease, obesity, imbalance, neuropathy, neurological and mental problems, and other cases are collected.

In this study, what was observed was those 4 complications of nausea and vomiting, diabetes, depression, and hypothyroidism were significantly related to hospitalization of COVID-19 patients in the hospital's special care department. The frequency of other complications was also investigated in this study.

According to the conducted study as well as previous studies, what is clear is that the frequency of complications caused by COVID-19 in patients admitted to the intensive care unit after discharge is high, and more studies should be done in order to reduce these complications.

Water limitation is one of the most important abiotic factors that can limit plant growth and yield due to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like H2O2 and the reduction of chlorophyll content. To protect against oxidative stress, plant cells produce both antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX), and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as low weight molecules like proline, sugars and ascorbate. Also water limitation disturbs the mineral-nutrient relations in plants through their effects on nutrient availability and numerous of physiological and biochemical destruction in the vegetative and reproductive periods of plant development. Several strategies have been suggested in order to improve yield under abiotic and biotic stresses in plants, among them application of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and nano particles such as nano iron-silicon oxide play a key role in yield improvement. A better understanding of physiological responses under water limitation may help in programs which the objective is to improve the drouht resistance of crop. During the course of these stresses, active solute accumulation of compatible solutes such as proline and the activities CAT, POD and PPO enzymes are claimed to be an effective stress tolerance mechanism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bio-fertilizers and nano iron oxide and nano oxide on some physiological and biochemical (i.e., antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll, protein, soluble sugars and proline) responses of triticale under water limitation conditions.

An experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replicates at the research farm of faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. The experimental factors were included of irrigation in three levels (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% of booting and heading stages as severe and moderate water limitation respectively (BBCH 43 and 55 respectively), application of bio fertilizers in four levels (no application as control, application of Azospirilum, Pseudomonas, both application Azospirilum and Pseudomonas) and nanoparticles foliar application at four levels (foliar application with water as control, nano iron oxide foliar application (1 g.L-1), nano silicon oxide (50 mg.L-1), both application nano iron-silicon oxide). Psedomunas and Azospirilum were isolated from the rhizospheres of wheat by Research Institute of Soil and Water, Tehran, Iran. For inoculation seeds were coated with gum Arabic as an adhesive and rolled into the suspension of bacteria until uniformly coated. The strains and cell densities of microorganisms used as PGPR in this experiment were 1×108 colony forming units (CFU). In each plot there were 5 rows with 2 m long. In each experimental plot, two marginal rows and 0.5 m from beginning and ending of planting lines were removed data were measured from the middle lines. The used nano silicon-iron oxide had the average particle size less than 30 nm and special surface of particles was more than 30 m2.g-1. They were product of Nanomaterial US Research which was provided by Pishgaman Nanomaterials Company of Iran. Nano iron oxide and nano silicon powder added to deionized water and was placed on ultra sonic equipment (100 W and 40 kHz) on a shaker for better solution. Foliar application of nano silicon oxide and putrecine were done in two stages of period growth BBCH 21 and 30.

The results showed that total chlorophyll content (48.16%), quantum yield (36.05%), relative water content (35.83%) and grain yield (43.28%) increased in dual application of bio fertilizers and nano particles foliar application under full irrigation conditions compared to no application of bio fertilizers and nano particles under irrigation cut off at booting stage. But under such conditions, electrical conductivity, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content decreased 35.67, 53.16 and 56.32% respectively compared to no application of PGPR and nanoparticles under irrigation withholding in booting stage. Also, the application of PGPR and nanoparticles under irrigation cut off in booting stage increased the activity of catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes (47.06, 55.69 and 36.53% respectively), proline and soluble sugars content (45.41 and 46.93% respectively) compared to no application of PGPR and nanoparticles under full irrigation conditions.

Based on the results of this study, the application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nonoparticle can increase grain yield of triticale under water limitation conditions due to improving biochemical and physiological traits.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between LDH and CRP levels and the mortality of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) patients admitted to the SURGERY ICU at Shariati Hospital from 19 February 2020 to 19 February 2021.

Our study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 81 patients were enrolled in this study. We examined lab reports, including CBC parameters (WBC, neutrophil count, neutrophil percentage), other inflammatory markers ESR and CRP, and also studied the medical records of cases to collect details about age, gender, length of stay in SURGERY ICU, BMI, fever, survival status, comorbidity, intubation, and NIV. These patients were referred to Shariati Hospital, Tehran, from 19 February 2020 to 19 February 2021, regarding the relationship between LDH and CRP levels and the mortality of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) patients admitted to the SURGERY ICU. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS software, and a significance value of < 0.05 was considered.

In this study, the data of 81 patients were considered. The data were obtained from the medical records of Shariati Hospital, Tehran. We used 11 variables to compare data from different patients that were recorded in the registry and system of medical records in Shariati Hospital, Tehran. The study population included 81 patients, of which 41 were female and 40 were male, ranging in age from 25 to 89. In total, 80.2% had mild disease versus 18.5% who had severe disease. Sixty-five patients survived, and 16 were admitted to the SURGERY ICU with endotracheal intubation and later died. The length of stay in the SURGERY ICU ranged from 1 to 25 days. Out of 81 patients, 52 (62.4%) had comorbidity, and 29 (35.8%) did not have comorbidity. Twelve patients (14.8%) received NIV, and 69 patients (85.2%) did not receive NIV. Most of the patients did not have a fever. The minimum and maximum levels of CRP were 4 and 416, respectively, and for LDH were 9 and 2401, respectively. The prognostic factors for the severity of COVID-19 infection identified in this study (CRP and LDH) help predict the course of the disease at an early stage. Elevated concentrations of CRP and LDH at admission were found to be associated with a higher risk for COVID-19 severity as they were significant (p-value =0.049 and 0.048, respectively).

This study’s laboratory investigation showed that the SURGERY ICU patients had significantly higher values of inflammatory markers CRP and LDH than the non-SURGERY ICU patients. LDH and CRP were superior and effective biomarkers in predicting the severity of COVID-19.

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are primarily used in oncology to protect peripheral veins and provide effective access to chemotherapy. The authors investigated the results of in-plane ultrasound-guided imaging compared to out-of-plane imaging in patients with oncology-related CVC placement in the oncology department of Shariati Hospital in Tehran.

This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 50 eligible oncology patients over 6 months in 1400 at Shariati Hospital in Tehran. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: in-plane and out-of-plane, and the internal jugular venous catheter was inserted by using one of the methods above by an anesthesiologist. The necessary variables for statistical analysis were collected using predetermined questionnaires.

The mean age of the patients was 73.42 years, with 25 female participants. The catheter insertion was successfully performed in all patients. The mean duration of catheter insertion in the study population was 2.289 seconds, the mean number of skin punctures was 1.7, and catheter placement was successful in 62% of patients on the first attempt. A total of 23 complications occurred, with carotid artery puncture being the most common. The catheterization method, whether in-plane or out-of-plane, did not affect the initial success of catheter insertion.

According to the findings of this study, internal jugular vein catheterization was successfully performed using both in-plane and out-of-plane methods with similar results.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nanoparticles (Zn and Si) and putrescine on grain-filling components of wheat under salinity stress.

An experimental factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the research greenhouse of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2022. The experimental factors included salinity at four levels (without salinity application as control, application of 40, 80, and 120 mM salinity with NaCl) and nanoparticle and putrescine foliar application at eight levels (foliar application with water as control, foliar application of 50 mg.L-1 of Si, foliar application of 1 g.L-1 of Zn, foliar application of 1 mM putrescine, foliar application of Si-Zn, foliar application of Si and putrescine, foliar application of Zn and putrescine, foliar application of Si-Zn and putrescine).

 The results showed that the highest grain-filling period and effective grain-filling period were obtained under nanoparticles and putrescine foliar application. This treatment combination under non-saline condition increased the root weight and volume (48.1 and 53.03% respectively), chlorophyll index (45.75%), and grain-filling rate (20%). There was an increase of 45.34, 62.72, 40.5, 36.21 and 37.37% in plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, 100 grains weight and grain yield, respectively, under non-saline condition and foliar application with nanoparticle and putrescine in compared with no foliar application under 120 mM salinity.

It seems that the foliar application of nanoparticles and putrescine under salinity can increase the yield of wheat by improving root characteristics and grain-filling components.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the increase in color Doppler ultrasound indices of the ophthalmic artery and the serum lactate level and the severity of the disease in patients with sepsis.

This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 24 patients diagnosed with sepsis, who were admitted to the intensive care unit of Shariati Hospital. The patients were more than 18 years old, hospitalized in the first 42 hours, and selected by the portable color Doppler ultrasound available in the ICU department. The ESI probe was placed on the patient’s eye with the eyelid closed, and the ophthalmic artery was located. The indices including RI, PSV, PI were measured along with their serum lactate levels. The correlation of these indices with the severity of sepsis was checked.

In this study, 24 patients who were less than 81 years old were diagnosed with sepsis and had a sofa score above 3. It was observed that there is a significant relationship between the dose of increased lactate levels and PSV1, and this parameter can be considered a predictive factor. It was also observed that there is a significant relationship between the dose of increased lactate levels and PSV2, and this parameter can be considered as a predictive factor. Additionally, there is a significant relationship between the dose of increased levels of lactate and PI, and this parameter can be considered as a predictive factor.

The study found a significant relationship between increased levels of lactate and decreased blood supply in the optic artery. It is suggested that due to the lack of numbers in this study, more samples should be investigated in future studies. In a scientific article, the use of “we” and “our” should be avoided. If necessary, the third person should be used.

Oxidative stress can harm cells, proteins, and DNA and play a role in the aging process. The present study was conducted to determine the impacts of six weeks of Pilates exercises and Lycium barbarum supplement on oxidative stress indices of saliva and body composition of inactive elderly females.

This field trial was carried out on 49 inactive elderly females. The subjects were selected in a purposeful manner and were randomly assigned to 4 groups, including control, supplement, exercise, and exercise plus supplement. The exercise program protocol was implemented for six weeks, three 45-60 minute sessions per week with an intensity of 50-70% maximum heart rate. The Lycium barbarum supplement group used 14 g of supplement daily. Oxidative stress indices of saliva and body composition were compared. The individuals’ physical activity level was determined using the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (KPAS) and the samples’ health status was specified using the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q).

The amount of malondialdehyde had a statistically significant reduction in the exercise plus supplement group compared to the control group, the exercise group, and the supplement group (P<0.05). The amount of malondialdehyde was not statistically significant in the exercise group and the supplement group compared to the control group. The amount of salivary catalase was not statistically significant in the exercise group plus supplement group compared to the control group, the exercise group, and the supplement group. The amount of salivary catalase had a statistically significant increase in the exercise group compared to the control group and the supplement group (P<0.05). The amount of glutathione peroxidase had no statistically significant difference in the exercise plus supplement group compared to the control group but had a statistically significant increase compared to the supplement group (P<0.05). The amount of glutathione peroxidase had a statistically significant increase in the exercise group than in the supplement group (P<0.05).

Regular exercise with moderate intensity and Lycium barbarum supplement resulted in improved antioxidant function and body composition in inactive elderly females.

Mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) can differentiate into the mesodermal lineage. The use of nanocomposite mesenchymal stem cells in the repair of the bone defect of the rat femur. In this study, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups on days 15, 30, and 45. The studied groups include Sham; the defect was left without scaffolding, and the area was closed. HA: The defect was first filled and then closed using hydroxyapatite. Autograft: The defect was filled using pieces of bone from the drilled area and the stem cells (MSCs); that was the same as the control group, but the injection of mesenchymal stem cells was done locally at the time of surgery. In this way, a 5 cm long incision was made in aseptic conditions along the right hind limb on the medial diaphysis of the femur. The periosteum was separated from the diaphysis by a periosteal lifter. A defect with a diameter of 2 mm was created in the femur. Bone samples were fixed, decalcified, and processed for histopathological evaluation on days 30 and 45 to grade lesions and repair rate. The restorative effects of using stem cells were significantly different in all cases compared to other groups. It can be acknowledged that the presence of mesenchymal stem cells positively affects the healing process and shows satisfactory bone strength. Mesenchymal stem cells can be widely used in orthopedic surgery and tissue engineering.

In order to study the effects of foliar application of nanoparticles (zinc and silicon) and putrescine on chlorophyll fluorescence indices, dry matter remobilization and the contribution of this process in grain yield of wheat under salinity stress, an experimental as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications will be conducted in the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. Factors experimentally included salinity at four levels (no salinity as control, salinity 40, 80 and 120 mM by NaCl), and foliar application of nanoparticles (Zn and Si) and putrescine at eight levels (foliar application with water as control, foliar application 50 mg.L-1 nano silicon, foliar application, 1 g.L-1 nano znic oxide, foliar application of putrescine, foliar application of nano Si-Zn oxide, foliar application of nano silicon and putrescine, foliar application of nano Zn oxide and putrescine, foliar application of nano Si-Zn oxide and putrescine). The results showed that foliar application of nanoparticles (Zn and Si) and putrescine under no salinity increased variable fluorescence (95.8%), maximum fluorescence (35.33%), quantum yield (42.24%), leaf area index (45.27%), flag leaf protein  (41.8%), total dry matter (44.09%), current photosynthesis (87.15%) and the contribution of current photosynthesis in grain yield (36.04%) and grain yield (37.34 %) compared to no foliar application of nanoparticles and putrescine under the highest salinity level. But the maximum dry matter remobilization from stem and shoot (37.8 and 38.15%, respectively) and the contribution of these processes to grain yield (89.45 and 90.22%, respectively) were obtained in no foliar application of nanoparticles and the putrescine under salinity 120 mM. It seems that nanoparticles and putrescine application can increase grain yield of wheat under salinity stress due to improving current photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence indices.

Insufficient scholarly inquiry exists regarding the function of genres and their pertinent discourse characteristics within the realm of Information Structure and its syntactic renderings in the Persian language. The present study, which is descriptive and corpus-based in nature, is designed to analyze three distinct genres of the Persian language – specifically, political discourse, scientific discourse, and everyday conversation. The study aims to investigate the Information Structure present in these genres, as expressed through four key syntactic devices: clefting, pseudo-clefting, passive voice, and preposing. In order to achieve the intended objective, one thousand distinct verbal expressions concerning each of the aforementioned genres were obtained from the multi-media database of the IRNA (Iranian News Agency) website and everyday dialogues amongst acquaintances and family members of the researchers, utilizing Lambrecht's theoretical framework for constructing the Information Structure. Following data collection, transcription was carried out and various syntactic devices were identified. Subsequently, descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze and understand the representation of these syntactic devices across different genre types. The findings indicated that there are distinct variations in the depiction of instruments across the three classifications of political discourse, scientific discourse, and commonplace discussions. This discovery may hold significance for scholars of linguistics and language theory.

In arid and semi-arid regions, drought stress as the main factor and salinity stress as a secondary factor reduces plant growth and yield. Water limitation can damage pigments and plastids, reduce chlorophyll a, b, rate and grain filling period. One of the important strategies for increasing carbon dioxide concentration in plants is using chemicals such as methanol that can increase the concentration of CO2 in a plant and improves photosynthesis rate and growth under water deficit conditions. Methanol is considered as quasi-essential for plant growth and development, and alleviates toxic effects caused by various environmental stresses in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methanol on the agro –physiological traits (i.e., chlorophyll content and grain filling period) and yield of wheat under water limitation condition

 A factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, during 2015-2016. Factors experiment were included irrigation levels (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding in 50% of booting and heading stages as severe and moderate water limitation respectively, according with 43 and 55 BBCH code) and methanol foliar application at four levels (foliar application with water as control and foliar application 10, 20 and 30% volume of methanol). Foliar application with methanol was done in two stage of period growth (Stem elongation and Flag leaf development).

Results showed that the maximum contribution of dry matter remobilization from air parts (20.52%) and contribution of stem reserves in grain yield (16.42%) were obtained with irrigation withholding at booting stage and no foliar application. The maximum grain filling period and effective grain filling period (33.62 and 29.33 days respectively) were obtained in full irrigation and foliar application of 30% volume of methanol and its minimum was obtained at no foliar application under irrigation withholding in booting stage. Also, results showed that there were an increase about 46.98%, 194.17%, 37.54%, 69.82%  and 15.96%  in grain yield, leaf area index, chlorophyll index, current photosynthesis and contribution of current photosynthesis in grain yield respectively in full irrigation and foliar application of 30% volume of methanol in comparison with no foliar application of methanol under irrigation withholding in booting stage. Based on the results this study, foliar application of 30% volume of methanol can be applied as a proper method to increase grain yield under water limitation conditions.

In order to investigate the effects of nanoparticles) nano Fe-Si oxide) and biofertilizers (Azospirillum lipoferum and Pseudomonas putida) on chlorophyll fluorescence components and some physiological traits of triticale at different levels of irrigation, an experimental as the factorial study was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The studied factors included three levels of irrigation (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% of booting and heading stages as severe, and moderate water limitation, respectively), application of biofertilizers (Azospirillum  lipoferum and Pseudomonas putida) in four levels, and nanoparticles foliar application (nano iron oxide and nano silicon oxide) at four levels. Both applications of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and nanoparticle foliar application under full irrigation increased chlorophyll index (50.23%), relative water content (43.97%), stomatal conductance (36.78%), quantum yield (47.38%), maximum fluorescence (34.84%), variable fluorescence (98.49%), and grain yield (43.28%) in comparison to no application of biofertilizers and nanoparticles under irrigation withholding at booting stage. Both applications of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and nanoparticles increased the chlorophyll index, relative water content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield, maximum fluorescence, variable fluorescence and grain yield in both levels of full irrigation and severe water limitation, but decreased electrolyte leakage and minimum fluorescence. In addition, severe water limitation or irrigation withholding at the booting stage increased chlorophyll index (7.74%), relative water content (10.99%), stomatal conductance (22.46%), quantum yield (15.2%), maximum fluorescence (26.54%), variable fluorescence (75.61%) and grain yield (28.59%) in comparison to no application of biofertilizers and nanoparticles at the same irrigation level. Generally, the application of biofertilizers and nanoparticles showed a better performance at different irrigation levels due to the improvement of physiological traits.
Triticale is a human-made crop, being a hybrid by cross-fertilization of wheat (Triticum spp.) and rye (Secale spp.). In general, triticale combines the high yield potential of wheat with the biotic and abiotic stress tolerance of rye, making it more suitable for production in marginal areas (acidic, saline, or soils with heavy metal toxicity) (Cantale et al. 2016). In arid and semi-arid regions, drought stress as the main factor and salinity stress as a secondary factor decrease plant growth and yield. Water limitation can damage pigments and plastids, and educe chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance, quantum yield, and relative water content. Several strategies have been developed in order to decrease the toxic effects caused by environmental stresses on plant growth. Among them, the use of bio-fertilizers such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and also nanoparticles such as nano iron-silicon oxide plays a very important role in yield improvement. Inoculation of plants with native suitable microorganisms may decrease the deleterious effects of environmental stresses and increase stress resistance of plants by various mechanisms, including synthesis of phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinin and gibberellins, solubilization of minerals like phosphorus, production of siderophores and increase in nutrient uptake. There is little information on the effects of nanoparticles and biofertilizers on chlorophyll fluorescence components and some physiological traits of triticale at different irrigation levels. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles (nano Fe-Si oxide) and biofertilizers (Azospirillum  lipoferum and  Pseudomonas putida) on chlorophyll fluorescence components and some physiological traits of triticale at different levels of irrigation.
 
An experiment as factorial was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. The experimental factors included irrigation in three levels (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% of booting and heading stages as severe, and moderate water limitation, respectively (BBCH 43 and 55 respectively), the application of biofertilizers in four levels (no application as control, application of Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, both application Azospirillum + Pseudomonas) and nanoparticles foliar application at four levels (foliar application with water as control, nano iron oxide foliar application (1 g.L-1), nano silicon oxide (50 mg.L-1), both application nano iron-silicon oxide). Psedomunas and Azospirillum were isolated from the rhizospheres of wheat by the Research Institute of Soil and Water, Tehran, Iran. For inoculation, seeds were coated with gum Arabic as an adhesive and rolled into the suspension of bacteria until uniformly coated. The strains and cell densities of microorganisms used as PGPR in this experiment were 1×108 colony forming units (CFU). In each plot, there were 5 rows with 2 m long. In each experimental plot, two beside rows and 0.5 m from the beginning and end of planting lines were removed as margin, and measurements were done on 0.2 m2 for grain yield. The used nano silicon-iron oxide had an average particle size of less than 30 nm and the special surface of particles was more than 30 m2.g-1. They were the product of Nanomaterial US Research which was provided by Pishgaman Nanomaterials Company of Iran. Nano silicon oxide and nano silicon oxide powder were added to deionized water and placed on ultrasonic equipment (100 W and 40 kHz) on a shaker for better solution. Foliar application of nano silicon and nano iron oxide was done in two stages of period growth BBCH 21 and 30. Chlorophyll Index was calculated by a chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502; Konica Minolta Sensing, Inc., Japan). RWC and EL were measured according to the method of Kostopoulou et al. (2010) and Farooq and Azam (2006), respectively. Quantum yield was measured on flag leaves by the uppermost fool expanded leaf using a fluorometer (chlorophyll fluorometer; Optic Science-OS-30 U.S.A.). Analysis of variance and mean comparisons were performed using software package SAS v9.12. The main effects and interactions were compared by LSD (least significant difference) test at the 0.05 probability level, using the SAS version 9.1. 
 
The results showed that both applications of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and nanoparticle foliar application under full irrigation increased chlorophyll index (50.23%), relative water content (43.97%), stomatal conductance (36.78%), quantum yield (47.38%), maximum fluorescence (34.84%), variable fluorescence (98.49%), and grain yield (43.28%) in comparison to no application of biofertilizers and nanoparticles under irrigation withholding at booting stage. Both applications of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and nanoparticles increased chlorophyll index, relative water content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield, maximum fluorescence, variable fluorescence, and grain yield at both levels of full irrigation and severe water limitation, but decreased electrolyte leakage and minimum fluorescence. In addition, severe water limitation or irrigation withholding at the booting stage increased chlorophyll index (7.74%), relative water content (10.99%), stomatal conductance (22.46%), quantum yield (15.2%), maximum fluorescence (26.54%), variable fluorescence (75.61%), and grain yield (28.59%) in comparison to no application of biofertilizers and nanoparticles at the same level from irrigation levels.
 
Based on the results of the study, the application of biofertilizers and nanoparticles showed a better performance at different irrigation levels due to the improvement of physiological traits. In other words, the effects of the simultaneous application of PGPR and nanoparticle inoculation are more positive than the single application of PGPB and nanoparticles. Therefore, one of the suitable methods to improve plants' resistance to environmental stress is the application of PGPB and nanoparticles, which play a very important role in yield and growth improvement.

Statement of the Problem: 

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an important inflammatory disease concerning its tendency to malignancy. The etiopathogenesis of this disease is still unknown. Medical geography uses geographic techniques to study factors related to location that cause uneven distribution of disease.

This study was conducted to map OLP in patients referred to Shiraz Dental School with medical geography techniques and investigate any possible relationship between the number of dentists and health-centers in different regions of Fars province with the number of referrals.

In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the records of OLP patients referred to Shiraz Dental School from 2007 to 2018. Age, sex, place of residence, occupation, level of education, location of involvement, duration, and cutaneous involvement were recorded. The number of dentists and healthcare centers was obtained from the statistical records of Fars province. A Geographic Information System was used for the assessment of the spatial distribution of OLP. Ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) indices were used for evaluating the relationship between the number of dentists and health centers with the number of referrals.

From 1006 records, 457 were studied, from which 71% were female (age range of 41-60). The regression coefficient was 0.937 for the number of dentists in each county compared to OLP referrals indicating a strong relationship. The regression coefficient was 0.983 for the number of health-centers. According to GWR analyses in Shiraz neighboring counties like Marvdasht, Sepidan, and Sarvestan, there is a positive relationship between the number of dentists and OLP patients.

The results revealed that dentists and health care centers had a good cognition of referring patients with OLP (as a premalignant lesion) for definite diagnosis in Fars counties. But both groups need more education in this matter. Moreover, referrals from settlements near Shiraz were more common because of their easier access.

This descriptive and corpus-based study examined the role of genres and their discourse features in information structure and its syntactic representations in Persian. It aimed to investigate three genres of Persian spoken language, that is, political, scientific, and everyday conversation, in terms of their information structure as realized through four syntactic devices of clefting, pseudo-clefting, passive, and preposing. For this purpose, 1000 utterances related to each of the mentioned genres were extracted based on Lambrecht’s theoretical framework for modeling the information structure. The collected data were then transcribed, and the most frequently-used syntactic structures of information structure in each genre were identified. Finally, the Mann-Whitney U test and descriptive statistics were used to see which of the three genre types has higher values than the other two in terms of the four syntactic devices. The results of data analysis revealed that there is a significant difference among the three genres in terms of the frequency of use of syntactic devices. In fact, preposing occurred most frequently in everyday conversations, passives in scientific texts, and clefting and pseudo-clefts in political texts. This finding has supportive implications for linguistic and educational experts as well as language theoreticians.

In order to study the effect of foliar and soil application of Zinc on grain weight and some biochemical traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under soil salinity, an experiment has been conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2018-2019. Experimental factors include soil salinity levels [control and salinity of 30, 60, and 90 mM] and four methods of zinc application [no zinc as control, soil application zinc as ZnSO4, foliar application nano zinc oxide, and combination of soil and foliar application of zinc]. Results show that both application of ZnSo4 and foliar application nano Zn oxide under 90 mM soil salinity condition increase the catalase and peroxidase enzymes activity, anthocyanin, proline, and soluble sugars content by 20.24%, 17.68%, 13.16%, 32.88%, and 14.08%, respectively, in comparison with no application of zinc under 90 mM soil salinity condition. Also, both soil application of ZnSo4 and foliar application of nano Zn oxide under non-salinity condition decrease hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content in comparison with no application of Zinc under 90 mM soil salinity. Both soil application ZnSo4 and foliar application nano Zn oxide under non-salinity condition has had the highest grain weight (1.016 g per plant), compared to the application of this treatment combination at other salinity levels. It seems that both application of ZnSo4 and nano Zn oxide can increase weight yield of wheat under salinity condition due to their ability in improving biochemical traits.

In this paper, using the chemical bath deposition method and employing the suitable deposition temperature, internal doping of Cu2+ ions into nanocrystalline ZnS thin films is reported. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was used to evaluate the structure of the films, which consists of sub-7 nm crystallites of the cubic ZnS. FE-SEM images indicated that the surface morphology of the Cu-doped ZnS films is strongly dependent on dopant level. The influence of the Cu2+ ions concentration on optical and specially photoluminescence properties of the Cu:ZnS thin films have been investigated and discussed. Defect-free emission spectra at low deposition temperatures and the appearance of the dopant-related emission peak at higher temperatures demonstrate that this method is an effective strategy for chemical deposition of the Cu-doped ZnS nanocrystals on glass substrates. Furthermore, the concentration quenching effect on photoluminescence intensity has been observed which can be related to non-radiative transitions between electronic energy levels of the neighboring Cu2+ ions in the ZnS host lattice.

In order to study the effect of uniconazole and bio fertilizers on grain yield, chlorophyll fluorescence indices and some physiological traits of wheat under salinity soil conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three replications in 2018. Treatments were included soil salinity in four levels (non-application of salinity as control (1.72 dS m−1 and application of 40, 80 and 120 mM salinity in soil or equivalent to 3.68, 7.37 and 11.06 dS m−1, respectively), by NaCl and application of uniconazole and bio fertilizers in seven levels (control or no application of bio fertilizers and uniconazole, application of uniconazole, mycorrhiza fungi, pseudomonas putida, mycorrhiza with pseudomonas, mycorrhiza with uniconazole, both application of mycorrhiza with uniconazole and pseudomonas). Means comparision showed that both application of mycorrhiza with uniconazole and pseudomonas under no salinity condition increased maximum fluorescence (82.17 %), variable fluorescence (287.5 %), quantum yield (65.41 %), chlorophyll index (106.23 %) , leaf nitrogen content (76.66 %) and relative water content of flag leaf (101.76 %) in comparison with no application of bio fertilizers and uniconazole under 120 mM salinity condition. Maximum of minimum fluorescence (F0) and electrical conductivity were obtained at the highest soil salinity level. Also, both application mycorrhiza with pseudomonas and uniconazole increased grain yield per plant about 108.84% in comparison with no application of bio fertilizers at the highest soil salinity level.

Maintaining and improving organizational safety requires a strong safety culture. Following the occurrence of occupational incidents, proper registration, reporting, and investigation is a key requirement for safety culture to provide an appropriate learning culture. As a result, this study was carried out to assess the culture of occupational incident registration, reporting, and investigation in the province of west Azarbaijan’s industries.

In this cross-sectional study, data on the culture of registration, reporting, and investigating occupational incident were collected using a 68-item questionnaire. A total of 420 employees from a number of construction and mine companies, as well as hospitals participated in this study.

The results of study showed that the average total score for the culture of registration, reporting, and investigating occupational incidents was 3.08 (±0.38), with the factor of corrective action had the highest 3.17 (±0.72) and the reasons for lack of reporting had the lowest 2.90 (±0.54) scores. There was also a significant relationship between the average score of the culture of registration, reporting, and investigating occupational incidents with education, industries, and companies. Employees who attended training courses had a lower mean score for the culture of occupational incident’ registration, reporting, and investigation than those who did not take training courses. The mean score of the culture of registration, reporting, and investigating occupational incidents of the employees who had experienced an occupational accident was lower than those who had not experience occupational accidents in the past.

The findings of this study revealed that corrective actions is necessary after the occurrence of occupational incidents. Attending training courses and having an occupational accident experience had no positive impact on promoting culture of registration, reporting, and investigating occupational incidents.

There is scarce systematic research on the role of genres and their associated discourse features in Information Structure and its syntactic representations in Persian. The current descriptive, corpus-based study, therefore, aimed to investigate three different genres of Persian spoken language; that is, political, scientific and daily conversation, in terms of their Information Structure as realized through four syntactic devices of clefting, pseudo-clefting, passive and preposing. To this purpose, 1000 different utterances related to each of the mentioned genres, were extracted from the multi-media archive of IRNA (Iranian News Agency) website and daily conversations of the researchers’ family members and friends, based on Lambrecht’s theoretical framework in modeling the Information Structure. The collected data were then transcribed, the syntactic devices were identified, and descriptive statistics were used to see how the above syntactic devices are represented in each genre type. The results revealed that the devices are represented differently in the three genres of political, scientific, and daily conversations. This finding may be of interest to linguists and language theoreticians.

Soil salinity is one of the most serious limiting factors for crop growth and production in the arid and semi-arid regions due to increasing use of poor quality of irrigation water. Several strategies have been developed in order to decrease the toxic effects caused by high salinity on plant growth. Among them, use of bio-fertilizers such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and mycorhyza and also plant growth regulator such as uniconazole play a very important role in yield improvement. Inoculation of plants with native suitable microorganisms may decrease the deleterious effects of environmental stresses and increase stress tolerance of plants by a variety of mechanisms, including synthesis of phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinin and gibberellins, solubilization of minerals like phosphorus, production of siderophores and increase in nutrient uptake, N2 fixation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis is considered a valuable component in most agricultural systems due to their role in plant nutrition and soil health. So, application of bio fertilizers and uniconazole can improve crop yield under soil salinity stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was evaluation of yield and some biochemical traits of wheat under soil salinity stress in response to uniconazole and bio fertilizers application.

In order to evaluation of yield and some biochemical traits of wheat under soil salinity stress in response to uniconazole and bio fertilizers application, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in a research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Mohaghegh Ardebili University in 2018. Treatments were included soil salinity in four levels (no application of salinity as control and application of 40, 80 and 120 mM soil salinity), by NaCl and application of uniconazole and bio fertilizers (control or no application of bio fertilizers and uniconazole, application of uniconazole, mycorrhiza fungi, pseudomonas putida, mycorrhiza with pseudomonas, mycorrhiza with uniconazole, both application of mycorrhiza with uniconazole and pseudomonas).Mycorrhiza fungi (mosseae) was purchased from the Zist Fanavar Turan corporation and soils were treated based on method of Gianinazzi et al. (2001). Psedomunas putida strain 186 was isolated from the rhizospheres of wheat by Research Institute of Soil and Water, Tehran, Iran. The soil was with pH about 7.8 and EC about 2.68 dsm-1. The wheat cultivar "zagros" was used in the experiment with plant density of 360 seeds m-2. For inoculation, seeds were coated with gum Arabic as an adhesive and rolled into the suspension of bacteria until uniformly coated. The strains and cell densities of microorganisms used as PGPR in this experiment were 1×107 colony forming units (CFU).Relative water content: Weight of fresh leaf was measured just after detached from the plants then taken turgid weight after leaf was incubated in distilled water for 24 h to obtain a full turgidity. Dry weight of leaf was measured after it was dried at 60°C for 24 h in an oven. Relative water content was measured according to the following formula (Chelah et al. 2011). RWC (%) = [(FW-DW) / (TW-DW)] × 100Where, RWC, FW, DW and TW are relative water content, fresh weight, dry weight and turgid weight respectively.Chlorophyll content: A portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502; Konica Minolta Sensing, Inc., Japan) was used to measure the leaf greenness of the wheat plants. Quantum yield: The quantum yield was measured by the uppermost fool expanded leaf using a fluorometer (chlorophyll fluorometer; Optic Science-OS-30 USA).Electrical conductivity: Electrical conductivity was calculated by following the standard method of Jodeh et al. (2015). Electrical conductivity (EC) values were measured at room temperature of 23±1 °C using an electrical-conductivity meter. At plant maturity, grain yield in each pot were harvested five plants per pot.Statistical analysis: Analysis of variance and mean comparisons were performed using SAS ver 9.1 computer software packages. The main effects and interactions were tested using the least significant difference (LSD) test at the 0.05 probability level.

The results showed that application of biofertilizers and uniconazole under no salinity condition decreased hydrogen peroxide content, malondialdehyde and electrobc conductivity of flag leaf (77.6, 115.52 and 241.48% respectively) in comparison with no application of bio fertilizers under 120 mM salinity. But, increased chlorophyll index, relative water content, quantum yield, grain 100 weight and spike length (60.21, 43.27, 30.47,46.66 and 51.34% respectively) in comparison with no application of bio fertilizers under 120 mM salinity condition. Also, application bio fertilizers and uniconazole increased grain yield per plant about 108.84% in comparison with no application of bio fertilizers at the highest soil salinity level. Based on the results of this study, it seems that bio fertilizers and uniconazole application can be suggested to improve of grain yield of wheat under soil salinity condition.

Introduction:

 Drought stress is the most influential factors affecting crop yield particularly in arid and semiarid regions. This stress induces various biochemical and physiological responses in plants as a survival mechanism. Drought limits plant production and the performance of crop plants, more than any other environmental factor. Also this stress can damage the photosynthesis of plants and reduce chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance and quantum yield. One of the important strategies for increasing of carbon dioxide concentration in plants is using compounds such as methanol that can increase the concentration of CO2 in a plant and help photosynthesis rate and growth under water deficit conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects methanol on yield, chlorophyll fluorescence indices and some physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under irrigation withholding conditions .

Material and method:

 A factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm, faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during 2018-2019. Factors experiment were included irrigation at three levels (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding in 50% of heading and booting stages as moderate and severe water limitation respectively according with 43 and 55 BBCH scale) and foliar application of methanol at four levels (foliar application with water as control, application 10, 20 and 30 volume percent).

The results showed that irrigation withholding decreased quantum yield, maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), chlorophyll index, relative water content, stomatal conductance and grain yield. Whereas electrical conductivity, electrolyte leakage and minimum fluorescence (F0) increased. Foliar application of 30 volume percent of methanol under full irrigation increased about 51.53, 170.75, 78.76, 55.69, 77.58, 79.4 and 46.98% maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), quantum yeild (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll index, relative water content, stomatal conductance and grain yield respectively in comparison with no foliar application of methanol under irrigation withholding in booting stage condition. Also, foliar application of 30 volume percent of methanol under full irrigation condition decreased electrical conductivity, electrolyte leakage and minimum fluorescence (F0 122.68, 73.07 and 42.59% respectively in comparison with no foliar application of methanol under irrigation withholding in booting stage condition

Based on the results of this study, it seems foliar application of 30 volume percent of methanol can increase grain yield of wheat under water limitation condition due to improve fluorescence indices and some physiological traits such as stomatal conductance, relative water content and chlorophyll index

In order to study the effect of uniconazole and bio fertilizers on activity of some antioxidant enzymes and compatible osmolites of wheat (Triticum aestivum L var Zagros.) in soil salinity conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in a research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Mohaghegh Ardebili University in 2018. Treatments were included soil salinity in four levels (no application of salinity as control and application of 40, 80 and 120 mM soil salinity), by NaCl and application of uniconazole, mycorrhiza fungi (Glomus intraradicese) and pseudomonas putida strain 186 in seven levels. Means comparision showed that both application of mycorrhiza with uniconazole and pseudomonas under 120 mM salinity increased soluble sugars and proline contents, antioxidant enzymes activity such as catalase, peroxidase polyphenol oxidase (93.98, 47.33, 63.88, 75.67, 69.35% respectively) in comparison with no application of bio fertilizers under without salinity. Also, both application of mycorrhiza with uniconazole and pseudomonas under without salinity increased leaf proteine, plant height and grain yield (72.36, 41.85 and 108.84% respectively) and decreased electrolyte leakage (39.02%) in comparison with application of bio fertilizers under at the highest soil salinity level. It seems that the mentioned bio-fertilizers and uniconazole application can increase grain yield of wheat due to improve biochemical and physiological traits of wheat under soil salinity condition.

In order to investigate the effect of methanol on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, some compatible osmolytes and biochemical traits of wheat under cut off irrigation conditions, the present experiment as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the research farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, during 2015-2016 cropping year. The investigated factors were included irrigation levels (full irrigation as control, cut off irrigation in 50 percent of spike stage and cut off irrigation in 50 percent of the booting stage (pregnancy) as mild and sever water restriction, respectively; according to codes 55 and 43 of the BBCH scale) and methanol foliar application at four levels (foliar application with water as control and foliar application 10, 20 and 30 percent by volume of methanol). The results showed that foliar application of 30 percent by volume of methanol under full irrigation conditions increased 42.83, 36.01, 29.69, 57.93 and 49.98 percent of chlorophyll b content, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein percentage and grain yield and decreased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content 75.58 and 63.77 percent, respectively; in comparison with non-foliar application under cut off irrigation at the booting stage. Foliar application of 30 percent by volume of methanol under cut off irrigation conditions in booting stage increased proline and soluble sugars content (125.42 and 91.93 percent, respectively) in comparison with non-foliar application of methanol under full irrigation conditions. Also, foliar application of 30 percent by volume of methanol under full irrigation conditions decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase). It seems that foliar application of 30 percent by volume of methanol can increase grain yield of wheat under cut off irrigation conditions due to improving biochemical traits.