فهرست مطالب fatemeh elmi

Mineralized collagen has diverse biological advantages, biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, the process of mineralization of the protein collagen type I extracted from the scales of white fish (Rutilus Frisii Kutum), was investigated in the Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). During immersion in SBF, tricalcium phosphate crystals were precipitated into collagen nanofibrils. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis confirmed the presence of type I collagen, including 3 spiral strands. Infrared Fourier Transform (FTIR) spectroscopy technique was used to characterize extracted collagen nanofibrils and mineralazied collagen. The presence of 60% of minerals in the mineralized Acid Soluble Collagen (ASC) was confirmed by TGA. DSC was used to determine the denaturation temperature of mineralized ASC at 147.5 °C, indicating a higher thermal stability of mineralized collagen. TEM images showed irregular and dense formation of tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles on collagen nanofibrils. Mineralized collagen protein can provide new insight into producing porous scaffolds for tissue engineering, dental implants, and providing medical equipment.

Nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) exhibit anti-proliferative effects on various cancer cells. However, to date, there are only a few studies on the radiosensitization effect of nHAP. The present study aimed to investigate the possible enhancement of the radiosensitization effect of nHAP on human breast adenocarcinoma cancer (MCF-7) and fibroblast. nHAP was extracted from fish scales using the thermal alkaline method and characterized at Babol University of Medical Sciences (Babol, Iran) in 2017. The anti-proliferative and the radiosensitization effects of nHAP were investigated by 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT), clonogenic assay, and apoptosis assay. MCF-7 cells and fibroblasts were incubated with different concentrations of nHAP and at different periods. The MTT solution was added and the absorbance was measured at 570 nm. The MCF-7 cells were exposed to 0, 1.5, 3.5, and 5 Gy X-ray irradiation and incubated for 10-14 days. The data were compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the post hoc tests (Tukey’s method). The results showed that nHAP significantly inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells compared with controls (P<0.001), but the difference was not statistically significant for fibroblasts (P=0.686 at 400 µg/mL at 72 hours). After 48 hours, the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and fibroblasts was inhibited by about 81% and 34% at 400 µg/mL concentration, respectively. The radiosensitization enhancement factor for MCF-7 cells and fibroblasts at a dose of 3.5 Gy and 100 μg/mL concentration were 1.87 and 1.3, respectively. nHAP can be considered as a breast cancer radiosensitization agent with limited damage to the surrounding healthy tissue.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as one of the three main types of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is established that GDM is associated with exceeding nutrient losses owing to glycosuria. Magnesium (Mg), as one of the essential micronutrients for fetus development, acts as the main cofactor in most enzymatic processes. The aim of this study was to measure serum and cellular levels of Mg, albumin, creatinine, and total protein to further clarify the relationship between these components and DM in pregnant women. Blood samples were obtained from 387 pregnant women. The participants were classified into four groups based on their type of diabetes, namely GDM (n=96), DM (n=44), at high-risk of DM (n=122), and healthy controls (n=125). All participants' fasting blood sugar (FBS), creatinine, albumin, Mg, and total protein in the serum levels and red blood cell Mg (RBC-Mg) were measured during 24-28 weeks of gestation. Groups were compared for a possible association between DM and abortion, gravidity, and parity. The serum levels of creatinine, FBS, albumin, Mg, and RBC-Mg were statistically different among the four groups (P = 0.001). Significant lower levels of RBC-Mg was observed in all studied groups in comparison with controls. Given a positive correlation between DM and abortion, it seems that decreased levels of RBC-Mg and serum albumin can increase the risk of abortion in pregnant women. Our data demonstrated significant alterations in albumin, Mg, and creatinine concentrations in women with DM or those at high risk of DM during their gestational age. It seems that the measurement of these biochemical parameters might be helpful for preventing the complications, and improving pregnancies outcomes complicated with DM.

It is necessary to reduce the amount of sulfur in fossil fuels due to direct impact of the quality of these fuels on the environment. In this research, a novel fungus strain of Exophiala spinifera, namely FM, was used to desulfurize dibenzothiophene (DBT) as a model cyclic sulfur compounds in oil and fossil fuels. HPLC analysis indicated that the fungus was capable of reducing 99% of DBT concentration in BSM medium after seven days. This fungus utilized DBT as a sulfur source by co-metabolism reaction with other carbon sources such as glucose. Exophiala spinifera was inoculated in BSM medium containing DBT with various carbon sources including ethanol, glucose, succinate, and glycerol. This fungus had the highest growth and desulfurization capability on glucose as a carbon source after 96 h. E. spinifera had best growth and desulfurization rates in 0.3mM DBT. Optimum DBT desulfurization and growth rate of this fungus was observed at 26-30 oC. Suitable pH for the optimum growth and desulfurization activity of E. spinifera strain FM ranged 4-5.

Ibn Taymīyyah can be characterized as the intellectual father of Salafis. Thus, his views, particularly those about the nature of the human and the problem of the human divine succession (khilāfa) is of great importance. He appeals to the Quran and hadiths to show that the human consists of a spirit and a body, the main part being the spirit as a self-standing, incipient (ḥādith), and created entity. Ibn Tamīyyah, as an exteriorist in epistemology and sensationalist in ontology, attacks philosophers, logicians and mystics, as well as their principles. He has a fully materialist and earthly view of the human. In his work, the human is considered as a full-blown earthly entity who has no power to affect or manipulate this world. Moreover, since he rejects any similarity between divine and human attributes in order to protect Lordship monotheism (al-tawḥīd al-rubūbī), he cannot accept the human succession of God. His view of the human gives rise to other views and fatwas of his. In his view, it is not only impermissible, but polytheistic and at odds with worship monotheism (al-tawḥīd al-‘ibādī), to visit mausoleums and make recourse to righteous people. Deploying the library method with an analytic-descriptive approach, we have in this research drawn upon Ibn Taymīyyah’s writings to answer two questions: what is the human nature and reality in Ibn Taymīyyah’s view? And given his view of the human nature, how does he account for the human succession of God?

Antagonist is a chemical substance or drug that has the ability to bind to the cell receptor by the ligand-receptor process, but is not able to trigger a response. Antagonists, pharmacologically, mimic the action of an agonist on the cell. It prevents, however, the attachment and function of the agonist or allows the binding but not the appropriate function by blocking the binding site of the agonist on the cell surface. In the past, antagonist production required much experimentation, trial and error whereas today, with advances in science and identification of molecular structure and signaling techniques, the possibilities of intelligent designs for antagonists in the shortest time possible have arisen. This process is based on two general viewpoints that
include: Drug design based on target that can be a receptor or based on the structure of a small molecule as a drug that can block the signaling. The basic structure of an antagonist changes during drug design and hence there could be an antagonist with high levels of activity and minimal side effects. This review studied the new strategies of designing antagonists for cytokines and hormones (focusing on leptin and growth hormone). Since hormones play multiple roles in different physiological conditions and cytokines act as immune modulators, designing antagonists for them or their receptors can play an important role in the treatment of autoimmune-inflammatory-and neoplastic diseaseS

Oil is one of the most important energy sources that contain variety of organosulfur compounds that are combustible and can produce sulfur dioxide which will cause pollution over the atmosphere and the soil. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) is often used as a model for biodesulfurization studies and surfactant Tween80 increases the solubility of DBT in water that leads to higher consumption by microorganisms.
DBT specific UV spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 323 nm was used to evaluate the ability of isolated Exophiala spinifera fungus in removal of DBT. The effect of various concentrations of surfactant Tween80 on the growth of the fungus and DBT utilization was studied.
Exophiala spinifera was able to remove 100% DBT after 7 days of incubation at 30 ° C and 180 rpm shaking. The effect of different concentrations of surfactant Tween80 on growth and DBT utilization by this fungus was examined and it was observed that the presence of surfactant in the culture medium increased the growth and removal of DBT, therefore the amount of DBT utilized with 0.4% concentration of the surfactant was about 30% more than that utilized without surfactant. However, higher concentrations of surfactant Tween80 decreased the growth and consumption of DBT by fungi.
Discussion and Exophiala spinifera was isolated from oil contaminated soil and able to utilize toxic compound DBT as a sulfur source in the presence of other carbon sources such as glucose. So this isolated strain could be a good candidate for the petroleum desulfurization and it is the first report about desulfurization of DBT by fungus Exophiala spinifera. Growth and removal of DBT by fungus increased in the presence of surfactant Tween80. It can be concluded that the surfactant increases the total DBT transfer between the organic and aqueous phases and has a potential application in DBT bioremediation system by the studied fungus biocatalyst.

In order to study mercury contamination and the factors controlling its distribution in Sefidrud basin, 344 sampels were collected from river sediments, surface and ground waters. Water samples were analyzed for determining Hg concentration and physicochemical parameters such as pH, TDS, temperature, DO, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Sediment samples also analyzed for Hg, Al, Fe and Mn concentration. The correlation coefficient showed positive and negative relationships among the parameters. An appreciable significant correlation was found among TDS, pH, DO and the amount of rainfall with mercury in surface water (river), while the most correlated parameters with mercury in groundwater, were rainfall, TDS and temperature. Using distribution map of mercury in sediment and surface waters indicated that Hg trends in sediment and surface waters (except for kiashahr station) are opposite to each other. The results also showed that, Fe, Al and Mn play an important role in reducing the concentration of mercury in water samples, while the behavior of sediments for mercury absorption is strongly depended on the physicochemical properties of water. Therefore, the distribution of mercury in the Sefid rud basin is largely influenced by parameters such as rainfall, sediment composition and physicochemical properties of water (specially TDS, pH and DO).

Antibiotic resistance makes antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) agents an alternative for treatment of pathogenic diseases. They are isolated from various animals invertebrates, vertebrates and plants. The present study shows the electrophoretic pattern of protein and peptides from Vicia Faba seed and reports our first attempt to study the antibacterial activity of Vicia faba seed extract. 100g grounded seed was extracted in extraction buffer(10 mM Na2HPO4, 15 mM NaH2PO4, 100mM KCl, 2 mM EDTA, 2mM Thiurea 1.5% PVPP). Following a 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation was carried out. The pellet was dialyses and resuspended in 50mM ammonium acetate, then used for gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G75). The crude extract electrophoresis was carried out on 12% SDS- PAGE gel. Antibacterial activity on E.Coli and B. Subtilis from hospital infection was tested and evaluated by measuring the inhibition zone diameter observation. The SDS- PAGE gel electrophoresis shows the crude extract contains many proteins with different spectrum molecular weight of proteins and peptides. The inhibition zone doesn’t observe in antibacterial properties tests. So, our experiments don’t show any antibacterial activity on E.Coli and B. Subtilis from hospital infection. In our study, bacteria from hospital infection resists to Vicia faba seed extract. Some other AMPs haven’t also shown any antimicrobial properties on clinical trail. To show the antibacterial activity of the crude Vicia faba seed extract, it should be tested on some standard bacteria.