fatemeh ghobadi

The most important anatomical areas to take into account during implant insertion are the submandibular gland cavity, the posterior part of the mandible, and the inferior alveolar nerve. Therefore, this study aims to assess the location of the submandibular gland fossa and its variations using CBCT.

In this cross-sectional investigation, CBCT images of the mandible of patients who visited a private radiology center in Babol (Mazandaran, Iran) between 2019 and 2021 were included. The submandibular salivary gland fossa was evaluated based on age, sex, side of the mandible, fossa depth and angle, as well as connection with the mental foramen and mandibular canal. Data were analyzed using SPSS V.24.

The study population comprised 59 men (47.2%) and 66 (52.8%) women, ranging from 16 to 70 years old. The mean depth of the fossa on the right side (1.79 ± 0.48 mm) was statistically greater than the left side (1.66 ± 0.46 mm). Regarding the angle of the fossa and the distance to the mental foramen, there was no discernible difference between the left and right sides. Men had considerably deeper average fossa depths on both sides (P<0.05). Moreover, the fossa depth on the right side was significantly lower in patients less than 36 years old (P=0.005).

According to the current findings, the average depth of the fossa is greater on the right side than on the left side. The deepest part of the fossa is located next to the mandibular canal. Therefore, it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of the characteristics of the submandibular gland fossato avoid perforating the lingual alveolar plate during implant insertion.

To investigate the effect of different levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of some safflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a split-split plot in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the research farms of the University of Tehran, Karaj during 2018-2019. Main plots were irrigation (normal irrigation, irrigation until at middle of flowering stage and irrigation until the beginning of seed filling), sub plots were nitrogen (supply of 100 % and 50 % of nitrogen needs) and sub-sub plots were safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Golmehr, Padideh and Parnian). The effect of irrigation, nitrogen, and cultivar factors on number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, and biomass were significant. According to the results, cut-off of irrigation at the beginning of seed filling and middle of flowering stages leads to a reduction of 16.2 % and 68.1 % of seed yield compared to normal irrigation, respectively. Reducing the amount of nitrogen by 50 % compared to 100 % supply decreases seed yield 8.5 % and biomass by 12 %. The triple interaction of irrigation, fertilizer and cultivar was significant in stem diameter and head diameter. The interaction of irrigation and nitrogen levels showed that with decreasing irrigation levels, nitrogen uptake also decreased and reduced the number of seed per head. However, providing 100 % of the nitrogen requirement under drought stress conditions prevents a more severe decline in the number of grains per head.

Mini puberty is the important period of infancy life that can have a serious impact on sexual development in both sexes. In the infants born very preterm and with extremely low birth weight, mini puberty changes including changes in clinical, hormonal, and imaging data are severe and long lasting, especially in girls. It can be called “exaggerated mini puberty”. In this study, a 6-month preterm infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia presented with periodic vaginal bleeding, Tanner stage 3 breast development, and Tanner stage 2 pubic hair. We did follow up clinical and para-clinical evaluations for the infant during one year and compared the obtained data with those of similar published articles. During one year of monitoring, the case gradually grew to the normal pre-pubertal state, without any hormonal suppressive treatment. Exaggerated mini puberty is a temporary physiologic state in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants that does not require any extra hormonal and surgical interventions.

Knowing the depth and type of the teeth impaction with radiographic approaches can guide the clinicians into selecting the most appropriate treatment and prevent surgical complications. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to evaluate the prevalence of canine and premolar impaction in the digital panoramic view of patients referred to Rasht dental school in 2019.

This annalistic-descriptive cross-sectional study comprised patients who attended the Faculty of Dentistry, Rasht, Iran in 2019. Dental records and panoramic radiographs of 500 patients were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic information as well as the type and depth of impaction, involved jaw, and also, the associated pathological lesions were recorded. Data were analyzed with SPSS24 version with significant level of P<0.05.

The findings revealed that among 500 individuals (300 (60%) were females and 200 (40%) were males), 35 individuals (7%) had at least one impacted tooth, 80% of impacted teeth were canines and the others were premolars. The most common impaction type, impaction level, and pathological lesion were mesioangular, B, and carries of the adjacent tooth, respectively. A significant relation was not observed between the type and level of impaction with the involved jaw (P=0.15, P=0.99) and also, the relation between the type of pathological lesion and gender was insignificant (P=0.85).

Functional and esthetic complications of impacted tooth can be prevented or declined by on-time radiographic screening.

Due to an increase in impermeable areas in cities, the runoff volume increases dramatically, causing overflow of runoff and frequent problems in the city. In the present study, the 10th district of the municipality of Mashhad that is known as Chehel Bazeh Golestan was evaluated. In this regard, Arc Map and ASSA software were used for modeling. The basin was modelled according to the existing conditions by using AutoCAD and Arc Map. The geometric parameters of the basin including area of the sub-basins, length of the canals, slope and other characteristics were calculated by using Arc Map. For rainfall distribution, uniform rainfall pattern and alternative block method were used. For the return period of 2 and 5 years, the adequacy of system for runoff was investigated. Results showed that rainfall pattern plays an important role in the basin runoff. The alternative block method for the return period of 2 years, resulted in 33% increase in runoff relative to the uniform rainfall method. In the alternative block method, the outflow runoff of the basin was 29% more than the uniform rainfall method, and the outflow volume increased by 17%. In general, in urban areas due to variation in land use and different basins, uniform rainfall method, due to consideration of geometric parameters of basins, offers better results than alternative block method.

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the frequency of accessory foramina in human mandible. In this cross-sectional study, 400 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan images of mandibles of 273 patients (120 males and 153 females), divided into four groups ≤30, 30–39, 40–49, and ≥50 years) with the mean age of 38.05±13.71 years (40.71±12.83 for males and 35.39±12.05 for females) were evaluated. The number and diameter of accessory foramina from midline to anterior border of ramus with 0.1 mm intervals were investigated.Data were analyzed with SPSS 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, I1, USA) using T-Test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Fisher exact test. Totally, 568 accessory foramina with mean diameter of 0.35 ± 0.15 mm were seen. The frequency  of accessory foramina in the studied patients  was 83%  with mean frequency of 88% in males and 80% in females. These results showed a significant difference between the genders in frequency of accessory foramen (P<0.001) although no difference was observed among different age groups. The highest frequency belonged to anterior lingual of mandible. The frequency  of accessory foramina in posterior mandible was higher in females, while males indicated higher frequency in anterior mandible. No significant difference was found in the frequency of accessory foramina between the right and left sides of the mandible. The results suggested,the survey of accessory foramina is recommended in CBCT images of mandible for therapeutic reasons due to higher frequency of accessory foramina in mandible.

Background and Oral health during pregnancy is effective on fetal and maternal health. Dental treatments in this period should have no side effects on the fetus and mother. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of general dentists about dental management during pregnancy in Sari, Iran.
This study was conducted in 114 dentists in Sari, 2015. The participants completed a questionnaire consisting of twenty questions (14 questions about knowledge and 6 questions about practice) for dental procedures during pregnancy. SPSS V.16 was applied to analyze the data.
The final mean score of dentists was 51.84%. The mean final score had a significant correlation with age, gender, and working experience (P In this study, the knowledge about dental managements decreased in older dentists and those with more working experiences. Therefore, training programs are necessary to enhance the knowledge of this group of dentists.

In order to evaluate the effect of different planting dates and the corm size on yield and some physiological characteristics of saffron، an experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of College of Abouraihan، University of Tehran، is located in Varamin dry plain during growing season 2013-2014. Four planting dates، 10 June، 7 and 27 September and 12 October and two corm sizes 5-9 g and 10-14 g were considered as treatments. Evaluated physiological traits include such as proline and protein content in leaves and yield traits، include number of flowers and dry weight of stigma were measured and were examined in a square meter and starting date of flowering were recorded. The results of this research showed that cultivation of large saffron corms (10-14 g) on planting date of 10 June، had Maximum yield، by production 62. 7 number of flower and 0. 299 gram dry weight of stigma in a square meter. Leaf proline concentration of small saffron corms (5-9 g) on planting date of 12 October and leaf protein concentration of small saffron corms (5-9 g) on planting date of 10 June، were higher than the other planting dates. Increasing proline concentration increased plant resistance under drought and cold in corms planting on 12 October، particularly small corms. In general، these results indicate that flower yield in first year is more influenced by corm size and planting of large corms (10-14 g) on 10 June will have a suitable production.