fatemeh khoshnava fomani

 Many child labors have impaired self-esteem, which leads to poor academic performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of self-esteem promotion program on academic performance in child labors.

In this quasi-experimental study, 60 child labors chidren were selected in two centers for support of cgild labor in Bazar and Khavaran, In the intervention group, enhancing self-esteem (ESE) program were presented at 18 training session. In the control group, only the routine trainings of the centers were given. Data collection tools were Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Questionnaire and Academic Performance Questionnaire, which were completed before the intervention, immediately, one month after the intervention and three months after the intervention (six months in total) by groups.

Most of the children in the intervention and control groups were 13 years old, boys, and have vendor job. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in self-esteem and academic performance scores before the intervention (p > 0.05). The self-esteem and academic performance scores of children in the intervention group was better than the score of children in the control group over time within 6 months of the study (p <0.001).

The results of this study showed that the enhancing self-esteem program improves the self-esteem of child labor. In addition, the enhancing self-esteem program promotes children's academic performance.

Considering the nature of qualitative studies, the interaction between researchers and participants can be ethically challenging for the former, as they are personally involved in different stages of the study. Therefore, formulation of specific ethical guidelines in this respect seems to be essential. The present paper aimed to discuss the necessity to develop explicit guidelines for conducting qualitative studies with regard to the researchers’ role. For this purpose, a literature review was carried out in domestic and international databases by related keywords.Health care providers who carry out qualitative research have an immense responsibility. As there is no statistical analysis in qualitative studies, the researcher has to both evaluate what he or she observes and to interpret it. Providing researchers with the necessary skills and applying stringent supervision can lead to better extraction of reliable information from qualitative studies. This article presents a debate in order to illustrate how researchers could cover the ethical challenges of qualitative studies and provide applicable and trustworthy outcomes.Researchers face ethical challenges in all stages of the study, from designing to reporting. These include anonymity, confidentiality, informed consent, researchers’ potential impact on the participants and vice versa. It seems of paramount importance that health care providers, educators and clinicians be well informed of all the different aspects of their roles when acting as qualitative researchers. Hence, these adroit roles need to be well defined, and the use of practical guidelines and protocols in all stages of qualitative studies should be encouraged.