فهرست مطالب fatemeh rabbani

Nowadays, heavy rains are an important aspect of climate studies because of their dangers and damage. Cut-off lows are influential in the occurrence of heavy rainfall in Iran by creating atmospheric instability. In this regard, first, the climatic variables of temperature, precipitation, and geopotential height of 500 hPa were investigated in connection with the formation of cut-off low during the period 1986-2018. Then, to predict the changes of the cut-off low event in the future and its impact on heavy precipitation, ECMWF database ERA-Interim version and CMIP5 models with CORDEX exponential microscale approach under two scenarios of optimistic release RCP4.5 and pessimistic RCP8. 5 was used until 2099. The results showed that in the RCP4.5 scenario, the increase in precipitation was estimated to be at least 2.41 mm, and in the RCP8.5 scenario, the maximum precipitation decrease was estimated to be 91 mm. The surface pressure anomalies of 500 hPa will increase by 61.5 and 92.5 geopotential meters based on RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The lowest frequency cut-off low events was in 1995 and 1996 with 10 events, and the highest event was in 1986 with 30 events. With the increase of air temperature and the advance of subtropical high pressure towards high latitudes, the place of formation and the path of movement cut-off low in 33 years have been extended towards northern latitudes, which indicate the effects of change of the climate in Iran. The existence of a significant positive relationship between the frequency cut-off low events and heavy rainfall was confirmed at the 5% error level. Moreover, the impact of cut-off low on the frequency of heavy rainfall in Iranian stations, especially the northern stations, has been more impressive.

Schools and universities in China were closed to prevent further spread of the virus as the coronavirus began to spread. And virtual education replaced face-to-face education. The use of virtual education alone faced challenges that affected its attitude, satisfaction and effectiveness. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the attitude, satisfaction, effectiveness and challenges of virtual education from the perspective of nursing and midwifery students of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods & Materials:

This cross-sectional research was conducted with the participation of 177 nursing and midwifery students of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. The tools used included: demographic information questionnaires, measuring attitude, satisfaction and effectiveness of virtual education. Data were analyzed with spss software version 19, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney statistical tests at a significance level of 0.05.

In this research, there were 126 female participants (73.3%) with an average age of 27.22±2.6. The average score of attitude, satisfaction, effectiveness and challenges of virtual education from the students' point of view were respectively, 11.84 ± 3.34; 13.59 ± 5.21; 16.94 ± 5.75 and 25.37 ± 5.81. A statistically significant relationship was found between the average score of attitude with satisfaction, effectiveness, and also the average score of satisfaction with the effectiveness of virtual education. (p<0.05)

The use of virtual education, as a new educational method, has faced many challenges; Considering the low level of its effectiveness, it is possible to improve the attitude, satisfaction and effectiveness of virtual education by strengthening the infrastructure.

Sex addiction is one of the hidden problems that due to the young population of the country, difficult marriage for the young generation and some personality and mental disorders in recent years, more attention has been paid to it and its taboo state as in previous years. is not. In the present study, the relationship between dark personality triads and sexual addiction in female students in Mashhad was investigated.

Present descriptive study includes all female students in Mashhad who due to the prevalence of coronary heart disease using the available sampling method, the dark three personality questionnaires as well as the SAST-T sexual addiction questionnaire. It should be noted that due to the prevalence of the corona pandemic, the questionnaires were provided to the subjects through cyberspace (Telegram, WhatsApp, and email).

The results of this study show that there is a 0.37 relationship between sexual addiction and Machiavellianism, which is a low level according to Cohen's classification, but 0.87 between sexual addiction and anti-socialism and between sexual addiction and narcissism 0.69 there is a relationship that is strong at the Cohen classification level.

According to the obtained data, it can be inferred that there is no significant relationship between sexual addiction and Machiavellianism. But there is a significant positive relationship between sexual addiction and anti-socialism as well as between sexual addiction and narcissism.

The purpose of this study was to compare the personality abilities, coping styles and self-efficacy in two groups of female housewives and second-grade female teachers in Kashan.

In this research, descriptive method has been used with causal-comparative approach. The population of this study consisted of all second-grade female teachers in Kashan city in 2012-2013 and female housewives of Kashan who were selected by random sampling method in two groups of 180 people. To collect the data, Personality Inventory Questionnaire was used by Patterson and Seligman (2004), Andler & Packer Stress Coping Style Questionnaire (1990) and General Sherer et al. (1982) Self-efficacy Questionnaire. In order to analyze the data The independent t-test and variance analysis were used for t-test.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups of housewives (468.05) and female teachers (490.54) in personality abilities (p <0.05), and female teachers with an average of 59.556 problem-oriented circles and housewives In addition, the average score of 0.833 was more than the other types of excitement circuit, and there was no significant difference between the two groups of housewives (60.41) and female teachers (58.92) in the self-efficacy variable (p> 0.05).

So, it can be concluded that teachers are more skilful in dealing with stressful situations and housewives in terms of personality abilities, humanity, courage, justice, mediation and excellence than housewives and female teachers. They use emotional styles.

Solvent type, extraction time and method are among important parameters in the evaluation of extraction efficiency. The selection of appropriate conditions to increase the extraction efficiency is of great importance. The response surface method (RSM) is a statistical and mathematical technique which can be used to examine the dependence between the responses with variables and also to determine the optimal conditions. In this study, the experimental design of general full factorial (GFF) was used using Minitab 17 software. The variables were time (60, 90 and 120 min), solvent (water, methanol and n-hexane) and method (soxhlet and ultrasound-assisted extraction). The main effects and also interaction terms were investigated on amounts of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and the antioxidant activity (according to IC50, FRAP and BCB) of the extract of Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f.. Under optimal conditions, the best extraction method for the TFC was the ultrasound-based approach, whereas for other responses the soxhlet-based was better. Water was the optimal solvent for TPC, FRAP and BCB, but methanol was found as the best solvent for the determination of TFC and IC50. Also, the extraction time for all of the responses was 90 min. The amounts of TPC, TFC, IC50, FRAP and BCB in the optimum conditions obtained were 22.45 ± 0.60 (mg GAE/g extract), 114.57 ± 1.59 (mg QC/g extract), 0.36 ± 0.08 (mg/mL), 1014.7 ± 12.4 (mmol Fe2+/g extract) and 53.02 ± 0.05, respectively. The R² values for responses were close to unity, which indicates the compatibility between the experimental and the real data. A linear correlation was observed between phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Also, the effect of solvent was more important than time and extraction method on the amounts of TPC, TFC, IC50, FRAP and BCB.

In the near future climatic change can lead to different negative results on various systems including water, agriculture, environment, healthcare, industry and economy. The study purpose is to evaluate the future climate conditions in the northern shore of Iran. We used collection of long- term daily data of precipitation, minimum and maximum temperature and sunshine for 10 synoptic stations and monthly rainfall and temperature of coupled ocean- atmosphere models data In this study. First, the uncertainty and operation of the global climate models are evaluated for baseline period (1971-2000) and then stochastic weather generator model is validated and analyzed using statistical tests like K-S, T and F. The future data for 2011-2030 and 2046-2065 are generated for each station base on the Mpeh and Ncccsm models under three scenarios of SRA1B, SRA2 and SRB1. The prediction results showed that trend of temperature will be ascending and the minimum temperature will increase more than maximum temperature. In the first study course, maximum of increasing of temperature will be in September, October and November (autumn season) and in the second study course will be in July, august and September (summer season). Also, seasonal and monthly study of rainfall in both the models showed that the autumn and winter rainfall will increase and the maximum rainfall will occur in november in the Caspian Sea area. Summer rainfall about 13% and Spring rainfall about 5 % will decrease in comparison to the normal level.

Climate change has direct and indirect consequences on crop production and food security. Agriculture and crop production is one of the factors which depend on the weather conditions and it provides the human requirements in many aspects. The objective of this study is to assess the impacts of future climatic change on irrigated rice yield using the CERES-Rice model in the Southern Coast of Caspian Sea under three climate change scenarios of Sra1b, Sra2 and Srb1. Required data for this research includes the meteorological, soil and crop management data. The meteorological data include the daily data of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, solar radiation and precipitation during 1981-2010 and Global Climate Models (HADCM3, ECHAM5, IPCM4, GFCM2, NCCCSM and INCM3) during 1971-2000. Soil and product management data provided from field experiment was conducted from 2008 to 2009 at the Rice Research Institute in Rasht. Validating of Global Climate Models show that ECHAM5 climate model has the highest correlation with the lowest error to simulate the future temperature and precipitation. We used ECHAM5 climate model coupled with a crop growth model for simulating of the effects of climate change on rice protection. The results of prediction of climate change scenarios show that minimum and maximum temperature will be ascending and precipitation will be decreasing in the Rasht station. Results of simulated yield and biomass of the rice crop base on scenarios of Sra1b, Sra2 and Srb1 show that rice crop yield and biomass decrease with increasing of mean temperature and decreasing of precipitation.

These days cell phone, as the modern instrument has various, cheap, and user-friendly accessories and possibilities. As a result SMS is now one of the most important media used in different situations. In this study, the SMS was analyzed from a linguistic point of view. Using the content analysis method, the grammatical and semantic congruence of the short-messages with standard Persian was examined. Furthermore, the SMS content (quotations, love messages, empathy and greetings, ironies, and jokes) and language (Persian, English, Pinglish) were studied. For this purpose, 1795 SMSs were received and analyzed during the first half of 2007. The analysis and comparison of the SMSs showed that there is still no specific, uniform language used in their writing. The results showed that though the general tendency is to write in Persian, many SMSs are written in Pinglish.