fatemeh shamsi

This study aimed to predict children's separation anxiety symptoms based on parenting styles with the mediation of mothers' feelings of insecurity. It is a descriptive-correlational study using the structural equation method. The statistical population included all 6-8 year-old children attending preschool and elementary schools in Tehran during the 2022-2023 academic year; 242 participants were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. evaluated by the Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ, Baumrind, 1973), the Relationship Attachment Style Scale for Adults (RAAS, Collins & Read, 1990), and the Parent Form of the Separation Anxiety Scale (SAS, Han et al., 2003). the results demonstrated that the derived model exhibited a satisfactory fit. It was found that an authoritarian parenting style had a direct positive impact on separation anxiety symptoms, while an authoritative parenting style had a direct negative impact (P<0.001). Additionally, mothers' feelings of insecurity had a direct positive effect on their children's separation anxiety (P<0.001). The indirect influence of the relationship between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles on children's separation anxiety, mediated by maternal insecurity, was also (P<0.001). Consequently, given the significant association between maternal parenting styles and separation anxiety symptoms, as well as the mediating influence of mothers' insecurity, therapists and child counselors are encouraged to focus on enhancing parenting styles and alleviating maternal insecurity to reduce separation anxiety in children.

 Patients with foot drop may need compensatory mechanisms to improve their gait. Although several gait analysis parameters have been studied in these individuals, no prior research has examined their joint contact force. Thus, this study investigated multiple gait analysis parameters and the joint contact force in patients with foot drop.

This experimental study recruited twenty individuals aged 15 to 60 (mean value 56.4 ± 3.68) with foot drop disorders. A control group was also matched with the first group based on age, height, and gender. The participants were instructed to walk along a 12-meter path. A motion analysis system with eight high-speed cameras and a Kistler force plate was used. During gait analysis, various parameters were measured, such as spatiotemporal, peak forces applied on the leg, range of motions, moments applied on the lower limbs, and joint contact forces.

The mean values of stride length and speed for normal subjects were 1.32±0.2 m and 1.24 ± 0.177 m/s, respectively, compared to 0.961±0.24 m and 0.686 ± 0.25 m/s for foot drop subjects (p-value = 0.00). The joint contact force components of the ankle joint increased significantly in foot drop subjects compared to normal subjects.

The joint contact forces of the ankle joint increased significantly in foot drop patients, which should be considered in the rehabilitation treatment of these patients.

All children experience fear and anxiety as two natural emotions during their life, and this anxiety is more when they are away from their main caregivers. After examining the research background, it was found that each of the conducted studies only studied one of the components of this research. Therefore, the absence of a research that examines all the mentioned components in relation to each other, indicated the existence of a research gap in this field.

The model study was conducted with the aim of investigating the pattern of structural relationships predicting children's separation anxiety symptoms based on parenting styles with the mediation of stress.

This This research was descriptive and correlational in terms of applied purpose and based on the method of data collection. The statistical population of the present study included 500 mothers of 6-8 year old children suffering from separation anxiety disorder in 4 regions of north, south, east and west of Tehran city and 217 of them were based on Cochran's formula and available as a statistical sample. were chosen. Also, the data collection tool in this research was the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale (Parent Version) (Han et al., 2003), Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1971), and Parental Stress Index Standard Questionnaire (Abidin, 1983) and for data analysis Structural equation method and Spss-22.AMOS-22 software were also used.

The results of the research showed that children's separation anxiety symptoms can be predicted based on parenting styles with the mediation of stress (P<0.001) and also mothers' stress plays a mediating role in predicting children's separation anxiety symptoms based on parenting styles. has it. Also, the obtained findings indicate that the model of structural relationships predicting children's separation anxiety symptoms based on parenting styles with the mediation of mothers' stress has a suitable fit (P>0.05).

According to the optimal fit of the research structural model, children's separation anxiety symptoms can be predicted based on parenting styles with the mediation of mothers' stress. According to the results, it can be said that children's separation anxiety causes deep changes in various aspects of children's personal and social life. Using the categories identified in the current research can be a guide for experts in evaluating which of the categories children with separation anxiety have more serious problems in, and as a result, can help experts in designing and implementing interventions appropriate to the same category.

A nudge can cause favorable behavioral changes in line with organizational goals and even increase productivity, satisfaction with, and trust in healthcare organizations. Nurses must make sound and fast decisions to meet patient needs and perform the necessary interventions as they have limited time to stop and logically analyze what actions they must take. Besides, sometimes people make decisions that are not bad for them, but they need to receive help to make better choices. Hence, nudging strategies can help them to make more effective decisions. To this end, the present study aimed to identify the reasons for using nudges in healthcare organizations. Following interpretive philosophy and a qualitative approach, the present study sought to identify the reasons for using nudges. This study was conducted using a grounded theory approach based on Colaizzi’s seven-step data analysis method. The research population included nurses working in private and public hospitals in Kerman. The participants were 15 nurses who were selected through purposive sampling until the data were saturated. Data analysis showed people tend to use nudges for individual reasons such as minimizing mistakes at work, reducing stress, valuable changes, decreasing the risk of criticism, reducing the halo effect and stereotyping errors, preserving the personality, not losing freedom, cognitive limitations, increasing the probability of accepting the message, and maintaining relationships; managerial reasons such as flexible and gradual nature of nudges, risk management, extra-role behaviors, safety, the elimination of unnecessary formalities, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and behavior management; and finally organizational reasons such as increasing productivity, creating a favorable climate, promoting a culture of criticism, win-win strategy, increasing trust in the organization, and risk management tools. The data in this study revealed that staff in healthcare organizations tend to use nudges for individual, managerial, and organizational reasons. An awareness of these reasons helps healthcare organizations to use nudging strategies in emergencies and in a limited period to change employees’ behavior in line with organizational goals and policies.

The present study addressed whether methylprednisolone (MP) as an anti-inflammatory drug used in neurodegenerative diseases and neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) is safe. 

First, embryonic rat NS/PCs were exposed to different concentrations of MP, and then we evaluated their survival by MTT assay, proliferation by analyzing the number and diameter of neurospheres, and the migration of the cells by neurosphere assay.

The viability of NS/PCs was reduced following exposure to 10, 15, and 20 µg/mL of MP. In addition, although the number of neurospheres did not change, exposure to different concentrations of MP resulted in the formation of smaller neurospheres. Despite these undesirable effects, the highest concentration of MP (20 μg/mL) increased the migration capacity of the NS/PCs.

The combination of MP and NS/PCs is not recommended due to the adverse effects of MP on the survival and proliferation of NS/PCs.

The fate of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) is very important in combination therapies for spinal cord injury (SCI). Methylprednisolone (MP) is the main anti-inflammatory drug currently used in the acute phase of SCI. The present study evaluated the differentiation patterns of NS/PCs following exposure to different concentrations of MP. NS/PCs were isolated from ganglionic eminence of mouse embryos. After the second passage, the obtained cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 μg/ml of MP. The differentiation of the cells in to immature neuroblasts, mature neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes was assessedusing immunofluorescence assay. Exposure of the NS/PCs to different concentrations of MP increased the production of astrocytes, neuroblasts, and oligodendrocytes, Whileit didn’t have any considerable effect on the production of more mature neurons. In conclusion, MP can change the fate of NS/PCs toward the generation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. This effect should be considered in MP+NS/PCs combination therapy strategies.

Overconfidence is the most obvious bias at the micro level of behavioral finance. This research studies the effect of manager's overconfidence based on capital expenditure and investment on risk indexes (stock returns deviation and operating cash flow deviation) and capital productivity in the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research, 132 companies were surveyed during 2012-2017. In order to test the hypotheses, the panel regression model has been used. The research findings show that manager’s overconfidence based on capital expenditure does not have any significant effect on stock returns. Rather, overconfidence based on investment has a significant direct effect on stock returns deviation. It means that overconfident managers meet risk and invest on risky projects .Themanager's overconfidence (based on capital expenditure and investment) does not have any significant effect on operating cash flow deviation and capital productivity.

The study of mental health and its related factors is noteworthy for all individuals, groups and organizations, and is becoming more sensitive in some environments and situations. Among various organizations, one of the most important organizational groups in which interpersonal relationships, mental health and organizational virtue play a vital role in the performance of employees and managers is the organizations that have specific complexities and are always encountered with different pressures in the workplace. Health centers and hospitals are the most sensitive of these types of organizations, which are important in assessing interpersonal relationships, mental health, and paying attention to organizational virtues. Health centers need to employ specialist and compassionate staff dedicated to rescuing and caring for patients.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are complex neurodevelopmental conditions with the characteristics including impairments in social interaction and communication, and restricted patterns of behaviors or interests. Lack of Theory of Mind (TOM), which is considered as the core concept of social interaction, was suggested as the underlying deficit of social, behavioral, and communicative impairments of ASD. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), as a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, indicated promising results for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The present methodology report aimed at proposing a design to study the possible effects of tDCS on TOM and cognitive empathy in ASD.

The Present Ideology of Neo-Classical Economic Paradigm to Follow Their Own Interests and Are Destroying the Ethical Basis and Its Consequences, Ethical Virtuous Society Is Low. Lean Thinking Judgment Based On Knowledge of Human Capital to "Do The Right Thing" Is Not Merely to "Do It Right." Doing The Right Things with Just the Ethical Value Management by Humans as Creatures Are Possible. Therefore, Attention to The Concept of Ethical Capital to Create Value Beyond the Existing Mission and Values, Will Be Doubled. In The Present Article Aims to Identify Ethical Capital, and Reviewed Different Views On This Issue.

The extending role of information technology ån human life and businesses put more concern on the moral consequences of this emerging technology. Ethics in information technology focuses on a wide range of topics including intellectual property, access, privacy, security. In order to study the influential factors on observing the ethics of information technology, the research model was developed based on the theory of planned behavior and gender has been considered as a moderating variable. This study is an applied research using survey method. The research population was students from University of Tehran and Shahid Beheshti University. The research questionnaire were distributed among students using random convenience sampling method. The developed hypotheses were testes by structural equation modeling using AMOS software. Based on the result, belief system, personal value, personal environment, self-efficacy and legal environment have indirect influence and subjective norms and behavioral intention have direct influence on information ethics observation by students. Moreover, the result showed students’ gender moderates some relationships in the proposed models.

For years, the role of cerebellum was believed to be limited to motor functions. Only since almost two decades ago, a new concept about cerebellum and its contribution to non-motor functions including cognition and emotion started to emerged. During the recent years, numerous studies have focused on the cerebellar non-motor functions with their results providing supportive evidence on this view. The connections between cerebellum and cortical and subcortical areas such as frontoparietal cortices and the limbic system provide additional evidence for the involvement of cerebellum in higher cognitive functions. This review has been an effort to discuss the studies assessing different aspects of cognitive and affective disorders following cerebellar damage, as well as the cerebellar activity during cognitive tasks using novel approaches including fMRI and PET scans.

Saltbush (Atriplex leucoclada) is one of the endemic halophyte plants of Iran, useful for desertification, restoring and modifying rangelands in arid and desert areas cultivation. To assess the effects of mechanical and chemical treatments in break seed dormancy and to stimulate seed germination in dimorph seeds of Atriplex leucoclada, two tests were performed in completely randomized design with three replicates for both of its two seed types. Treatments were: scratch pre-treatment, gibberellic acid or kinetin, ethephon, potassium nitrate or thiourea all performed for 24 h or 48 h at 4˚C or 20˚C, pre-treatment running water, moist chilling (20 days/4˚C) + 14-days treatment with gibberellic acid or potassium nitrate or thiourea, scratching with a sand paper, making a gap with a needle, hot water (70˚C or 90˚C for 15 min), sulphoric acid (75%), dry-storing (3 months/20˚C), stratification (3 months/4˚C). As the twice-scratched pretreatment caused the highest germination percentage (73.3%) and vigour index (8860) in the brown seeds and for the black ones these values were 63.3% and 7710, respectively. Overall, it is concluded the seed dormancy in both types of seeds in A. leucoclada could be physical.

Many theorists hold that theater derives from rituals. Iran and India are two ancient civilizations with deep and joint origins in which rituals have an important role. There are many debates about the origins of drama in ancient Iran. In this research we will concentrate on a view which holds "ritual origin" for drama. First we will shortly introduce the related theories .Then according to the theory of puppetry's priority over drama and depending on the archeological evidences from ancient civilizations of Jiroft and Shahr-I Sukhta and comparing them with similar findings from the civilization of Indus valley and their broad intercultural relations during the third millennium BC, we will express a new perspective about the background of drama in Iran.

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Cornus mas (cornaceae) is one of the major medicinal plants in Asian countries that cotained high level of anthocyanins with potential to prevent hyperglycemia and obesity. In this study, we investigated antidiabetic effects of cornus mas in compared to glibenclamid as a standard drug on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty two male Wistar rats (190-240 g) were divided into four groups (n = 8): group 1 nondiabetic rats, group 2 alloxan-induced diabetic rats with no treatment, group 3 alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with glibenclamid (0.6 mg/kg body weight) and group 4 alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with cornus mas fruit 2 g daily for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan 120 (mg/kg body weight). The results indicated that treatment with cornus mas fruit orally significantly reduced blood glucose levels and increased insulin levels in treatment of diabetic rats compared with no treatment diabetic group. Concurrent histological studies of the pancreas demonstrated the same results. On the base of histological results, cornus mas have a significant on increasing the size of pancreatic islets than diabetic groups (P < 0.05). Our results showed that cornus mas fruit has antidiabetic effects and can improve pancreas damage caused by free radicals in diabetes. The effects of this fruit can occur due to the presence of anthocyanin and other antioxidant compounds.