فهرست مطالب fatemeh souri

Learning problems including reading problems is one of the important issues that have been considered by researchers and is very effective in the academic achievement of elementary school students. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of play therapy on reading performance, reading problems. Uncertainty intolerance in fourth grade elementary school female students had a specific disorder with reading impairment.

The present quasi-experimental study is a pre-test post-test with an experimental group and a control group and consisted of two stages: pre-test-post-test. The statistical population was students with specific learning disabilities of fourth grade girls. The sample size was 30 people in two groups who were selected by available sampling method. Three questionnaires (reading performance, reading problems and uncertainty intolerance) were used to collect data. The test used in this study was the combined covariance or repeated measures analysis (GLMRM) test.The protocol used was a cognitive play therapy program that included complementary exercises and games to increase reading skills, comprehension, visual and auditory memory impairments, attention, and children's reading habits, which were performed in person for 18 45-minute sessions for 9 consecutive weeks. Took.

The results of the study showed that cognitive play therapy program increases and improves reading performance, reduces reading problems and improves uncertainty intolerance. Therefore, the use of play therapy training is recommended for educators, teachers and therapists in the field of education in learning, educational and clinical centers.

In general, the results of the present study showed that play therapy is effective in increasing reading performance, reducing reading problems and uncertainty intolerance.

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation therapy on reading performance, reading problems and uncertainty Intolerance. The research method was quasi-experimental and of pretest-posttest type with a control group. The statistical population of the study includes all students with special learning disabilities with reading defects in the fourth grade of elementary school in Hamadan primary in the academic year 2019-2020, 30 of them were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. A cognitive rehabilitation program was implemented for the experimental group for one month (2 sessions of 45 minutes per week). The control group did not receive training during this period. Reading performance was measured by the reading and dyslexia test (Nama), reading problems were measured by the table of problems and its type (SAMAN), and uncertainty intolerance was measured by the uncertainty intolerance questionnaire (Friston et al., 1994). Multivariate analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and controls groups in reading performance, reading problems and reducing uncertainty, for mean (p<0.05). Therefore, cognitive rehabilitation therapy can be a useful tool to increase reading performance and reduce reading problems and uncertainty in students with special learning disabilities with reading disabilities

The Islamic - Iranian model of progress is a document based on the Iranian-Islamic principles and indigenous values of society, which seeks to achieve the final stage of the new Iranian-Islamic civilization in the future. Looking at development in a systematic way and providing mechanisms for participation and active-voluntary competition of social groups in the general sphere of society, is the focus of this model; thus, the attitude of the ruling political elite is key. The aim of this article is to answer this question: how the political culture of the ruling elites can achieve political development in the Iranian-Islamic model of progress? The hypothesis of the article is that the political culture of the ruling group is the source of political action and behavior in society. Therefore, reforming and improving the attitude of the ruling political elites towards political development within the framework of political and jurisprudential capacities in the religious discourse and the Islamic Revolution, provides the ground for the realization of political development in Iran as a model.

In today's world, learning disabilities are recognized as the most important factor in the weakness and dropout of students in primary school. Among students’ problems are learning disabilities, reading difficulties, and intolerability of uncertainty. Lack of treatment and control of children, in addition to creating numerous problems at the family, school and community level, future children also face challenges. Thus, it can be seen how these special education programs are important and effective for these children. Cognitive rehabilitation therapy and play therapy are among the most important programs in treating students with learning disabilities. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation therapy and play therapy on reading performance, reading problems, and intolerability of uncertainty and evaluate the persistence of its effects over time.

The research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest and follow–up test (three weeks after the implementation of treatment protocols) which was performed with two experimental groups and one control group. The first independent variable was cognitive rehabilitation intervention that was applied to the first experimental group and the second independent variable was cognitive play therapy which was performed on the second experimental group. Also, the control group did not receive any training. The study’s statistical population included all female students with special learning disabilities with reading defects in the fourth grade of elementary school studying in Hamadan primary schools, Iran, in the academic year of 2019–2020. The sample size was equal to 45 students in three groups that were selected by using Cochran's formula and convenience sampling method. They were randomly divided into groups of 15 into three groups: two experimental groups (cognitive rehabilitation therapy and play therapy) and one control group. The tools used to measure variables in three groups and three stages were 3 standard questionnaires: Uncertainty Intolerance Scale (UIS) (Freeston et al., 1994), Problem Type Assessment Table (Tabrizi et al., 2018), Reading and Dyslexia Test (NEMA) (Kormi Nouri & Moradi, 2005). For data sorting, central and dispersion indicators such as mean and standard deviation, and for data analysis, repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used. The mentioned statistical analyzes were performed in SPSS software version 25. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The effect of time, group, and interaction of time and group on the variables of reading performance, reading problems, and uncertainty intolerance were significant (p<0.001). The average reading performance variables and reading problems and intolerance of uncertainty were significantly different between the cognitive rehabilitation therapy and play therapy groups with the control group (p<0.001). In both experimental groups, there were significant differences between the pretest, posttest, and follow–up regarding the mentioned variables (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the posttest and the follow–up regarding the mentioned variables, indicating the persistence of the effectiveness of both interventions in the follow–up phase (p>0.05). Also, a significant difference was observed between the effect of cognitive rehabilitation and play therapy on the aforementioned variables in the posttest and follow–up (p<0.001).

Both methods of cognitive rehabilitation therapy and play therapy are effective in increasing reading performance, reducing reading problems, and reducing uncertainty intolerance. But in comparison, the effect of cognitive rehabilitation therapy in improving reading performance is more than play therapy, while play therapy is more effective than cognitive rehabilitation therapy in reducing reading problems and reducing intolerability of uncertainty.

The phenomenon of marginalization and Informal settlement is mentioned as a threat to the security of cities. Due to the importance of security and safety in human life, much research has been done in scientific and academic circles in recent decades. The multiplicity and variety of researches and the contradictory results of each may make the audience feel useless in conducting these researches.While conducting combined research such as meta-analysis Feeling needed to summarize the results of this research and avoid possible weaknesses in future research. The research method in the present study is meta-analysis and the statistical population includes books, articles and university dissertations that were written in the years 1384 to 1400 AD on the subject of crime and security in urban informal settlements. After refining the most important work done, finally 90 researches were selected and examined with a qualitative approach. The results of the analysis of the researches showed that the researches in the field of security in the urban informal settlements can be classified in the categories of "physical", "social", "economic" and "contextual". Physical variables were among the most variable that researchers have measured from various aspects of its relationship with the issue of security in urban informal settlements. In other words, from the perspective of the studied research, the contribution of physical and environmental abnormalities and land occupation security in reducing or increasing security in urban informal settlements is more than other variables.

One of the effective factors in improving the condition of urban green spaces, which has many social, cultural, spiritual and psychological effects, is the furniture in the park. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the performance of park furniture in the areas of Isfahan and compare the level of citizens' satisfaction with the furniture in the parks of the regions. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey which has been done by completing 325 questionnaires in 60 important parks. To analyze the data obtained from the query and to measure the interaction of the studied variables, statistical tests were used in the Spss software environment and also ArcGIS software was used to draw the map. To assess the level of satisfaction with different types of park furniture in the regions, the method of analysis of variance was used so that the results showed that the respondents in the seventh region have the lowest satisfaction and the respondents in the eighth region have the highest satisfaction. Kruskal-Wallis test was also used to investigate the tendency to reuse parks, which showed that there is a significant difference in terms of the variable in Isfahan. Finally, the results indicate that the performance of park furniture and the level of citizens' satisfaction with the furniture in the parks of each region are different and the highest level of satisfaction belongs to the residents of District 13 and the lowest level belongs to District 7.

As a result of improving health science, the elderly population has increased. The World Health Organization (WHO) mentions the age of 60 as the starting point for aging, and it has also been shown that aging has the highest development rate, particularly in developing nations, according to worldwide stats among distinct age groups. Due to the improvement of health science, the population of elderly has been increasing. the WHO mentions 60 years old as the starting point for aging, also it has been shown that according to global statistics among different age groups, aging has the fastest growth rate, especially in developing countries. Accordingly, approximately two-thirds of the world's elderly population live in developing nations and is estimated to achieve 80% by 2050 [1] At present, the elderly make up 9% of the Iranian population (7.4 million).