فهرست مطالب fatemehsadat hoseini

Certain 20th-century linguistic approaches affected literary criticism, among them the critical discourse analysis framework developed by Norman Fairclough. In this framework, underlying structures of texts and their intertextual elements are analyzed with a view to their contexts of situation and their relation to power structure. Taking the epic poems of Hz. Abbas on Ashura as the data, the rhetorical elements utilized reveal the profound influence of the Holy Quran and those of the imamate principle on their contents. The dominant ideology discernible in the poems stands in contrast to the then prevailing Umayyad hegemony. In contrast, they try to convince the opponents that power should have been laid in the rightful house of the Prophet Muhammad, a fact for which all struggles in the cause of Allah are well justified and explainable.

The development of global standards for ethical AI is not merely a technical issue but a moral imperative that demands immediate and concerted action from all stakeholders involved in AI development and deployment. To navigate the ethical complexities of AI and ensure its benefits are maximized while minimizing its risks, a comprehensive and inclusive approach to AI ethics is essential. This approach must prioritize transparency, accountability, safety, and fairness, and include diverse perspectives to create a truly global ethical framework for AI. As we stand at the crossroads of technological innovation and ethical responsibility, the call for global standards in AI development cannot be overstated. It is time for researchers, policymakers, industry leaders, and the global community to come together to forge a path that ensures AI technologies are developed and used in a manner that upholds the highest ethical standards, respects human rights, and promotes the well-being of society and the environment. In conclusion, the journey towards ethical AI is a collective endeavor that requires the wisdom, insight, and cooperation of the global community. By embracing the challenge of developing and implementing global ethical standards for AI, we can ensure that this transformative technology serves as a force for good, driving progress and innovation in ways that are responsible, ethical, and sustainable.

In vitro fertilization (IVF)success depends on many factors whose independent roles have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of associated factors in women undergoing IVF in Iran.
In a prospective cohort study, 160 women who referred to infertility center of Moheb-Yas hospital for IVF between March 2015 and March 2016 were enrolled. A long ovarian stimulation protocol was administered using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH). Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), progesterone, estradiol, and endometrial thickness were measured. Two expert embryologists categorized blastocysts as good or poor. Pregnancy was judged by serum human chorionic gonadotropin measurement 14–15 days after embryo transfer. Mean age of the cases was 32 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 20 kg/m2. Clinical pregnancy rate was 20.6%. A significant relationship was found between IVF success and AMH, the number of FSH injections, endometrial thickness, grade of the embryos, and the number of embryos produced. Logistic regression analysis showed that only AMH > 0.6 was an independent predictor of IVF success (odds ratio [OR] = 6.22, CI [2.4-16.2]). Further analysis showed a significant relationship between AMH level and IVF success in women ≤35.
The overall success rate of IVF/ET was 20.6%. AMH is a significant predictor of IVF success and may be an important factor in IVF success in young women.

Almost 50% of infertilities are associated with males and among them 30to 50% are idiopathic. Empirical treatments are used in idiopathic male infertility, yet not enough scientific evidence is available for the application of such remedies. date palm pollen (DPP) is one of the drugs suggested for such patients in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM).
This study was performed on a 35-year-old male patient with idiopathic infertility. He previously had severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and was under medical supervision at Yas hospital of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences from August 2016 to February 2017, where he was treated with DPP at a dose of 3 g twice daily, for three months. The second semen analysis was carried out after a quarter of the treatment period, followed by re-analyses after one and three months of finalizing the treatment period. The results obtained showed impressive improvement in the quality of semen parameters. Within six months, the initial values of normal morphology (1%), total motility (3%), progressive motility (0.0), and sperm concentration (0.1 million) increased to 20%, 60%, 10%, and 10 million, respectively.
The results of this study indicate that the drug may be operative in improving semen parameters in such patients, and more clinical studies are required in this regard.

The aim of this study was to examine learning of predictive motor control in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD).The sampling design was purposive and from (aged 7-12 years) male students of Tabriz, 12 children with DCD by using DCDQ, PMOQ-T, and BOTMP tests, and 12 typically developing (TD) children (age and IQ matched) were selected. Participants were required to track a target moving along a circular path on a rotatory pursuit task by using game controllers. Predictive control was assessed by Variables which reflecting tracking success and behavior with the manual tracking. Results of repeated measure of analysis showed that there was a significant difference between DCD and TD children on measures of predictive control; total time on target (P=0.049), consecutive time on target (P=0.016), distance from the target (P=0.002) and velocity of the cursor (P=0.001). Collectively, probably DCD children had deficits in consolidation and learning of predictive motor control, they may be used feedback-based step-and-hold strategy, and an underlying deficit in the internal modeling was concluded in DCD children.

Activated carbon is produced from pyrolysis of plant material containing carbon and is undergoing activation. In this study, citrus, olive and tamarisk’s woods is used as raw materials to produce activated carbon, all samples were prepared from Darab city. The density measurement and moisture content and chemical analysis (cellulose, lignin, extractives, and ash) and also thermal analysis of wood samples show that there is no relation between carbon content with chemical analysis, but carbon content directly related to the density which is verified by DSC-TGA. Also, it has been seen that the thermal degradation of olivewood has been carried out at higher temperatures. The activated carbon was produced from wood samples in three methods; without activation, with physical activation (with steam) and chemical activation (with zinc chloride), and their properties (such as free surface by BET, iodine number, thermal analysis and SEM) show that. The activated carbon produced by chemical activation is more stable than other methods.In the case of activated carbon from citrus wood, the Iodine number of chemically activated carbon is observed chemically activation has significant difference compared to other methods of activation. With increasing amounts of chemical activation agent from 50 to 100%, the iodine number and surface area will increase, but increasing of this parameter from 100% to 150% has no significant effect on that properties. The maximum iodine number and BET for activated citrus wood with 150% ZnCl2 have resulted relatively 980.97 and 1050.22. The comparison of activated carbon from olive wood relative to other woods shows that olive carbon active has better characterization in all methods of activation. It also can be seen the thermal resistance of olive activated carbon is more than other woods.

To evaluate the effect of cytoplasm transfer from mature oocytes to germinal vesicle(GV)s on promoting the maturation of cytoplasm of GV at the mRNA level.
Sixty six in vitro fertilization (IVF) operations between June 2012 and November 2013 were included in this study. Totally 120 GVs were obtained. Normal GVs were categorized into 3 groups (n = 40) randomly: the first comprised oocytes that did not receive the cytoplasm of mature oocytes; the second group comprised oocytes that did not receive the cytoplasm of mature oocytes but were incubated for 24 h; and the third group comprised oocytes that received 10-15% the cytoplasm of mature oocytes and were then incubated for 24 h. Each group was separately analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the expression levels of selected genes were assessed.
The expression levels of genes involved in the cytoplasmic maturity, and energy-producing mitochondria were significantly higher in the pooled oocytes of 2nd control group than those of the 1st control and intervention groups (p The cytoplasm transfer technique is not effective in cytoplasmic maturity of the recipient GV oocytes. In contrast, 24-hr in-vitro culture is associated with increased expression of studied genes in GVs.

Athletes with disabilities benefit from structure recognition skills through imagery, as such skills are not only pleasant to them but also allow them to improve their performance. This study has compared Sport Imagery among Athletes with Physical Motor, Hearing and Vision impairments.
This is a causal-comparative study. The population of the study consisted of all athletes with Physical Motor, Hearing and Vision impairments. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 97 participants in Urmia-Iran. The research instruments were a researcher made demographic questionnaire and Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ) with 30 items that represented 30 Functional imaging indicates on a five point scale. One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey tests were used to test the hypotheses.
The results showed that there was no significant difference in sport imagery use between athlete's with physical motor and hearing impairments (P>0.05). Sport imagery use in athlete's with physical motor and hearing impairments were significantly higher than athletes with vision impairment (P0.05).
It is concluded that imagery awareness and higher levels of education are beneficial to all athletes with sensory and motor impairment especially to athletes with visual impairment.

In this study, the effect of memantine administration into the nucleus accumbens on the metabolic changes induced by acute stress in female mice was evaluated. Intra-accumbens unilateral or bilateral canulation was performed. One week after recovery, a group of animals were given memantine (1, 0.5, and 0.1 μg/mouse) five min before stress induction intra-accumbally, and the other group received it (1, 0.5 and 0.1 mg/kg) 30 min before stress intraperitoneally. Food and water intake, weight of fecal material, and the delay time before eating were measured as metabolic parameters after stress induction. Acute stress reduced water and food intake, fecal matter, and the delay time before eating. Intraperitoneal memantine injections augmented the stress effect on water intake, but inhibited its effect on food intake at dose of 0.1 mg/kg and had no impact on defecation. The drug induced anorexia especially at dose of 1 mg/kg. On the other hand, intra-accumbens memantine injections reduced water intake when the drug was injected in the left side. Moreover, memantine injections inhibited or enhanced the effects of stress on water intake, food intake and defecation in a doseand location-dependent manner, and also increased the delay time before eating. Memantine inhibits or enhances the effects of acute stress dose-dependently. In addition, it seems that there is asymmetry in nucleus accumbens response.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative motile spiral-shaped bacterium that is strongly associated with gastroduodenal diseases. Recently, dental plaque has been implicated as a possible source of H. pylori infection. Two important virulence factors that are expressed by the alleles of vac A (vacuolating toxin) and cag A (cytotoxin-associated gene A) have been identified. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not virulence factor genes vac A and cag A are present in H. pylori retrieved from dental plaque in patients with gastritis. In this cross-sectional study, dental plaque specimens from 42 patients with gastritis, referring to the endoscopy section of a hospital, were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect the presence of cag A and vac A genotypes of H. pylori. DNA from H. pylori was detected in 4 dental plaque samples. All these 4 samples were vac A-positive and 2 samples were positive for both vac A and cag A genotypes. The pathogenic strains isolated from the dental plaque in the present study suggest it is possible for more than one virulence factor of H. pylori to exist in some patients. However, further studies are required to confirm this finding.

We aimed to compare acceptability of Levonorgestrel with the Yuzpe regimen among Iranian women based on their side-effects and resulting changes in the amount and pattern of menses. Five hundred twenty nine participants aged 15-49 having regular menses and one act of unprotected intercourse within 72 h were included in the double-blind, controlled trial in 2006-2007 and randomly assigned into LNG (n=263) and HD (n=266) groups, receiving Levonorgestrel 0.75 mg given 12 h apart and ethinyl estradiol 100? g plus 0.5 mg Levonorgestrel 0.5 mg repeated after 12 h, respectively. The participants receiving Levonorgestrel experienced significantly lower side-effects in the case of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness (P<0.05). The changes occurred in the amount and pattern of menses were the same for both groups (P>0.05). No significant difference was observed between the efficiencies of the treatments. Significantly lower side-effects of Levonorgestrel can be considered as greater acceptability and translated to higher efficiency.

The aim of this study was to investigate those factors influencing the enjoyment of sport management masters of Iran universities of technology and its comparison with Turkey universities. The statistical sample consisted of 84 and 66 sport management masters from Iran and Turkey respectively. The method of research was descriptive and analytical survey. The standard questionnaire (α=0.81) at two sections of individual and environmental factors influencing enjoyment of technology. The results revealed that among individual factors, two factors of the belief in usefulness of the application of technology for education and fear to use technology had the highest and lowest effects on master's enjoyment of technology in both countries. Moreover, among the environmental elements, student's need for technology and computer in classes and access to equipment had the highest effect and the university financial support and professional personnel in faculties had the lowest effect on master's enjoyment. There was also a significant difference between Iranian and Turkish masters in four individual factors (belief in usefulness of the application of technology for education, interest in learning and enjoyment of technology in education, fear to use technology, feeling the need to learn and enjoy technology) and two environmental elements (student's need for technology and computer in classes and university policy of rewarding).

Professional values are fundamental elements of nursing practice that often are taught informally. Therefore it is important to assess the students’ perspective in this area. Purpose of the present study was to determine the perspective of nursing students about the importance of nurses’ professional values in medical universities of type 1 as institutions with the highest level of educational service. This analytical- descriptive research utilized a one-stage cluster sampling method to investigate the professional values of 131 graduated nursing students in three medical universities of type 1 in their last semester in 2011. For data collection, a two-part, self- report questionnaire was used which included demographic variables and the standard tool of Nursing Professional Values Scale- Revised (NPVS-R) developed by Weis and Schank. This instrument consisted 26-item in the five dimensions (caring, activism, trust, professionalism and justice) at five- point Likert-Scale format (from not important to very important). Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) was (α= 0.92). Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), inferential non-parametric statistics (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests) and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient in SPSS 13. Mean scores of caring, activism, trust, professionalism, justice and overall dimensions according to five- point Likert-Scale was 3.52, 3.19, 3.76, 3.48, 3.74 and 3.52 respectively. Two of the top NPVS-R statements in the students were “Maintain competency in area of practice” (trust dimension) and “Maintain confidentiality of patient”(caring dimension). Additionally, the students rated “Participate in peer review”(professionalism dimension) and “Participate in activities of professional nursing associations and research” (activism dimension) in the lowest statements. There was significant relationship between gender, economic conditions of family and the total average with student’s perspective on professional values (p<0.05). Although the total mean scores of nursing students were in the range of ‘fairly important’ to ‘important’ in the Likert Scale, but the most graduating students are not aware about the importance of some values’ dimensions and statements related to their non-clinical tasks. However, appropriate planning and teaching methods is required to enhance the overall area of nursing professional values.