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The role of the anatomical variations and severity of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) in the development of ARS complications is still an unknown issue. Regarding this, the present study evaluated the relationship between the severity of ARS and anatomical nasal variations in pediatric patients with ARS-related orbital complications.   This study was conducted on 134 pediatric patients with orbital complications related to ARS. The data related to patients’ demographics, complication types, and involved side were collected. Nasal sides were also compared in terms of the Lund-Mackay score (LMS), osteomeatal complex (OMC) obstruction, Keros classification, presence of agger nasi cells (AGC), concha bullosa, Haller cells, Onodi cells, septal deviation, and lower turbinate hypertrophy.   The comparison of LMSs indicated a significant difference between the complicated and contralateral sides (8.37±2.44 vs. 5.62±2.71; P<0.0001). In addition, there was a significant difference between the complicated and contralateral sides in terms of the OMC scores (P<0.0001). The rates of lower turbinate hypertrophy and AGC on the complicated side were higher than those on the contralateral side (P=0.021 and P<0.00; respectively).   As the results indicated, anatomical variability in adjacent structures affects the development of ARS-related orbital complications in pediatric patients.

Sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a rare benign tumor, which originates from the minor salivary gland. It occurs at sites that have minor salivary glands, such as the palate, retromolar pads, buccal mucosa, and lips. The most common location for tumor development is on the hard palate. A differential diagnosis consists of ruling out other salivary gland tumors. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is a new technology used in head and neck surgery within certain centers around the world.
Case Report: Herein, we present the first successful case of SP tumor removal by TORS.
This particular case highlights the identification of this rare tumor in an unusual location. Furthermore, it demonstrates the utilization of TORS, leveraging the superior visualization to obtain excellent local control with minimal acute and long-term morbidity, in comparison to conventional transoral surgical approaches.

Selective poly (vinylchloride) membrane electrodes based on a quaternary ammonium compound, malachite green as a novel ion exchanger for anionic species were prepared. The developed membrane electrodes were used successfully for the quantification of sulphadimethoxine, iodide ions and thiocyante ions in their pure powdered forms, fishwater and/or pharmaceutical formulation. Linear responses were obtained within a concentration range of 10-5-10-2 M for the three selected monovalent anionic species. The electrodes exhibited unusual half Nernstian slopes when the divalent cationic malachite green is used as a novel lipophilic ion exchanger in PVC based membranes for determination of monovalent anions. They have fast response times about 20 s, satisfactory reproducibility, and long life times.