fazlollah ahmadi

Universities of Medical Sciences as the organizations that provide human resources for the health systems need effective leaders who can promote the medical status of the countries. In this regard, the present qualitative grounded theory study is an attempt to design an effective leadership model for departments of clinical education. The study identified causal conditions, background, confounding variables, consequences, and the central theme of “belief in effective leadership” to determine formation process of effective leadership. Based on the study findings, effective leadership model was designed for clinical education departments of medical universities. The distinguishing aspect of this model compared to the previously presented models of academic leadership is creation of the belief of effective leadership in medical sciences universities. This distinguishing factor emphasizes the academic leader’s recognition of their immediate environment, university, department and their selves.

Nursing model is used to improve the adaptation of patients. Patients' participation in support groups can play an important role in improving their adaptation by getting to know similar patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using support groups based on the nursing model on social adaptation of patients with implantable defibrillators.

Methods and Materials: 

In this randomized clinical trial, 60 patients referred to the heart clinics of Farshchian Hospitals in Hamedan and Kausar hospital in Shiraz were selected as convenience sampling. Patients were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups by blocking gender and ejection fraction. Patients in the intervention group participated in support groups based on Roy's nursing model, and then their condition was followed up twice a month through phone calls. Patients in the control group received only routine care. The social adaptation of the patients was assessed using Bell's adjustment inventory before and 3 months after the intervention. Data analysis was done by SPSS software using chi squared, t student and t paired tests.

The findings showed that mean age of the patients was 60.48 ± 4.38 years. The majority of patients (56.7%, n=34) were men, and 35% (n=21) had at least one shock per month. The most common cause of implantation of an implantable defibrillator in patients was heart failure (n=54, 80%). The patients in the two groups did not differ significantly from each other in terms of demographic characteristics. Patients in the test group had a significant difference in the social adaptation before and after the intervention. (p>0.001).

This study showed that patients' participation in support groups based on Roy's nursing model along with telephone follow-up of patients can be used as an effective strategy in improving the social adaptation of patients with implantable defibrillators.

Investigating the psychological factors that facilitate the recovery of bone marrow transplant patients is crucial for appropriate policymakers to identify potential problems and develop appropriate interventions for the better benefit and increasing success of bone marrow transplantation. The aim of this study was to review the psychological factors facilitating the recovery of bone marrow transplant patients.

In this systematic review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) utilized, along with their possible implications for risk of bias. In this regard, required information took from Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed databases for the selection of Latin articles and Persian articles databases, ISC with the selection period ranging from 1987 to 2022 for English articles and from the years 1390 to 1401 for selection of Persian articles. Based on the desired criteria, they limited. The narrative synthesis method used for combine the data.

In this study, the quality of 37 articles confirmed and psychological factors influencing the recovery of bone marrow transplant patients identified. Physical distress, decrease in patients' quality of life, psychosocial well-being, the possibility of increasing symptoms of anxiety and depression, are among the biggest challenges facing patient. Factors such as spirituality, health literacy, sports and psychological interventions aimed at disease acceptance the disease and increase psychological well-being and healthy coping strategies have a significant impact on improving psychological and medical health outcomes. Depression, homesick, tension, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, delusions and cognitive deficits, feelings of lack of choice, need for special attention, and isolation are inevitable consequences of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Some psychosocial variables (depression, anxiety, stress, coping strategies, social support, optimism, rationality, and need for coordination) and clinical parameters indicating immune response after bone marrow transplantation.

Identifying psychological factors influencing the recovery of bone marrow transplant patients, including; health literacy, sports programs, optimism, gender, social support, mental health, lifestyle factors, understanding of transplant, and follow-up are influential in setting protocols to increase the mental health and survival of bone marrow transplant patients. Identifying psychological factors that facilitate the treatment process helps psychologists and the medical team to identify and strengthen these factors in patients. To moderate the negative psychological consequences of transplantation, it is desirable to perform psychological interventions and to recognize and strengthen the positive psychological structures within the psyche by the treatment staff and the psychologist. Additionally, regulating the natural day and night cycle, palliative care, antipsychotic medication, disease management, lead to better health outcomes.

Grief is a natural experience that helps bereaved people process the pain of loss and move toward healing. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the bereaved people were faced with unprecedented conditions due to the absence of mourning ceremonies. The present study was to explore the personal experience by which the bereaved ones encountered the situation.

A qualitative study was conducted with a purposeful sample of Iranians who had lost a family member due to the virus. Data were collected using unstructured interviews until saturation was research. The study was conducted during 2021-2022

We interviewed 16 bereaved people. The data analysis revealed 14 subcategories, 3 categories: failed mourning, bitter loneliness, incomplete gestalt of grief and a core theme as endless sorrow.

The findings showed that not holding mourning ceremony during the covid-19 epidemic caused bereaved people with a large number of unfulfilled expectations. It seems that there is need to find a way through the stages of mourning for these people by addressing their expectations and wishes.

Natural disasters are one of the crises which are increasing all around the world. The effect of these disasters is more intense on adult girls and women than other groups of the society. Reproductive health needs of women and adult girls are one of the important issues at the time of natural disasters, which needs special attention. Although more attention has been paid to this issue, the reproductive health needs of this group are still neglected. The present review study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of natural disasters on the reproductive health needs of women and girls of reproductive age.

In this systematic review, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases were searched between 2011 and 2023 using MESH keywords including Natural disaster, Reproductive Health, Women and Girl. The quality of the studies was assessed by the checklists of STROBE and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), and finally, ten eligible studies were used for analysis.

Women and girls face many problems related to reproductive health during natural disasters. Reproductive health needs of women and girls during natural disasters include needs related to mother and child health, menstrual and genital health, early puberty and access to reproductive health services.

The occurrence of natural disasters such as floods, flash floods and earthquakes leads to ignorance of reproductive health requirements of women and girls. Therefore, they may face many problems in these conditions. Hence, it is recommended to provide necessary infrastructures and trainings in order to prepare for possible natural disasters.

Women with physical disability face many unmet needs in receiving sexual health services. Variation in the sexual needs of these women may affect their care outcomes. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying clinical guidelines for providing sexual health services for women with physical disability.

This scoping review was designed and implemented with the 5-step approach of Arksey & O'Malley. Several databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, Science Direct, G-I-N, NICE, AHRQ, WHO, UNFPA, Sid, Magiran) were searched to review articles and clinical guidelines in English and Persian according to the study inclusion criteria from 2006 to 2022.

Five clinical guidelines related to the provision of sexual health services for women with physical disability were identified from 23 screened. Using narrative synthesis of data four key themes were identified: 1) family planning services according to the severity of disability and prevention of unwanted pregnancy 2) diagnosis and treatment of genital infections and sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS 3) early detection of gender-based violence 4) counseling in the field of sexual problems

The clinical guidelines under review indicated sexual health services were provided for women with disabilities in the form of counseling, prevention and treatment service packages. However, quality of services was not considered in the reviewed guidelines. Therefore, due to the importance of the clinical approach in the sexual counseling of women with physical disability, the need to integrate the clinical guidelines available seems necessary.

  Infertility has serious implications on psychological and social well-being as well as the sexual life. Considering that sexual health is an essential element of human health, the present study was performed to explore the experiences of Iranian infertile women regarding their sexual health.

 This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis (Lundman and Graneheim's approach) in Tehran, Iran from November to March 2018. Twenty infertile women (aged 25-42 years old with various reasons for infertility), who were selected purposefully, participated in this study. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews All interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Guba and Lincoln's criteria including credibility, transferability, confirmability, and dependability were applied to achieve trustworthiness.

 Three themes emerged from the data analysis including 1) Impact of the process of diagnosis and treatment on women’s sexuality 2) Psychological, behavioral, interpersonal and economic factors influencing sexual health, and 3) cultural and religious norms affecting sexual life.

 Infertile women's sexual health is influenced by the process of diagnosis and treatment; psychological reactions to infertility, economic, personal, and cultural-belief system.

The instructor is one of the key factors in attaining educational goals in medical education, and the instructor’s competencies facilitate students’ educational achievement. The present study is an attempt to explain the experiences of faculty members and students of characteristics of competent professors who play an influential role in the academic achievement of basic medical sciences students in universities of medical sciences across the country.  

The present study is a conventional qualitative content analysis. Fifteen faculty members and students of medicine from Iranian universities of medical sciences from different regions of the country were selected using a purposive and then theoretical sampling. A semi-structured interview was used for data collection.  

In this study, four themes and nine sub-themes were extracted from interviews. The themes included “clinical knowledge”, “teaching competency”, “monitoring students’ performance”, and “cognitive-psychological arousal”. The sub-themes were “clinical knowledge’ including “Non-applied teaching of basic sciences and unfamiliarity of instructors of basic sciences with the clinic”;  “teaching competency” including “having instructional design skills, teaching based on the psychology of learning, and professional development”; “monitoring students’ performance” including “fair evaluation and valid evaluation”, and “cognitive-psychological arousal” including “student support and reinforcement”.  

The present study identified the important characteristics of the competencies of professors of basic medical sciences working in Iranian medical universities. The competency of professors is essential in promoting students’ educational achievement and training efficient and professional students in the field of medicine to render quality health services. The results of this study will assist administrators and educational policymakers in planning for the promotion of professors and medical education.

Researchers believe that separation and divorce are the most important stressful events that can happen in life. Therefore, divorce is a complex and painful process that leads to changes in different areas of life and requires coping strategies. This is despite the fact that more studies have focused on women and children after divorce, and men's divorce has been neglected. The present scoping review seeks to investigate, identify, and plot the main concepts relating to men's divorce and its dimensions, domains, impacts and factors based on the main references and evidence. The scoping review method was used to search electronic databases for relevant articles. Of the 3025 abstracts initially identified, after screening both abstracts and full texts, 26 studies were selected for inclusion in this review. After abstracting key information from each study, a content analysis was conducted. Five themes were identified from the content analysis: 1) Demographic, 2) child custody, 3) Psychological factors, 4) attachment style and 5) Coping strategies. This study explained and identified the men's divorce components, its results can reduce the negative effects of divorce on men.

Psychology is one of the important disciplines dealing with mental health. Psychology students develop a set of professional competencies during their studies. The present study sought to explore the experiences of psychology students and assess the development of their professional competencies in the workplace. This qualitative study was conducted using a thematic analysis approach. The data were collected through 27 in-depth semi-structured interviews with 24 Ph.D. candidates in psychology who were completing their dissertations and 2 interviews with 2 professors of psychology. The data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis. The findings revealed the main themes, subthemes, and main categories. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used to increase the trustworthiness of the findings. The core theme identified in this study was professional competencies developed during academic studies. Besides, the five subthemes underlying professional competencies were creating and maintaining empathy, building a mutual understanding, enhancing confidentiality, being human and seeing others as human, and getting out of absolutism. The findings reported in the present study suggested that professional competencies are developed in psychology students during their studies according to their professional and clinical experience. Accordingly, providing adequate experiences can contribute to developing and promoting professional competencies in students.

cardiovascular diseases have a high prevalence in the world and are considered one of the main causes of death. To reduce the prevalence and mortality of heart diseases, pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures are considered. Medicine is the main link in the treatment chain and its correct use is important. In the field of non-pharmacological measures, strategies to deal with negative emotions such as stress, anxiety, and depression are considered because they can cause and aggravate heart diseases. This study investigated the relationship between the management of the principled use of drugs with stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with coronary artery disorders.

This research is a correlational descriptive study in which 115 patients with coronary artery disease or class one and two heart failure with medical records the only hospital in Gonabad city was selected and examined by a simple random method based on the inclusion criteria. The DASS-21 questionnaire and the researcher-made questionnaire for the management of the basic use of drugs along with demographic information were provided to the samples. After determining normality using  Spearman's test and regression analysis and using descriptive statistics methods (prevalence, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and using SPSS version 25 software

Based on the results of Spearman's test, there was a significant and inverse relationship between the management of basic medication use and DASS (p<0.05, r=-0.28). Also, there was a significant and inverse relationship between the dimensions of DASS including anxiety (r=-0.24), stress (r=-0.27), and depression (r=-0.22) with the management of the principal use of drugs

In this study, the relationship between stress, anxiety, and depression with the management of basic medication use in patients with coronary artery disorders was investigated, and there was a significant and inverse relationship between the management of basic medication use and stress, anxiety, and depression. Therefore, it can be said that the higher the level of stress, anxiety, and depression, the more people will be in a weaker position in terms of managing the basic use of drugs.

Understanding the unmet care needs of breast cancer survivors is one of the important aspects of healthcare service.

This study aimed to identify the unmet needs of breast cancer survivors.

This research is an integrative review of evidence-based studies from five electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar), which was conducted with no time limit until December 2020. Eligible articles were critically reviewed and scored using the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT).

A total of 28 articles were reviewed, including 7 qualitative, 19 quantitative, and 2 mixed methods studies. “Survival care needs” are referred to information needs, unmet communication needs, and management of disease symptoms and complications. The “unperceived support needs” are referred to six themes of self-change, hurting hope, uncertain faith, unmet occupational needs, impaired sexual function, and forgotten social support.

As the survival rate of breast cancer increases, developing flexible strategies for long-term and changing unmet needs of these patients should be a priority for health policymakers to promote care for breast cancer patients.

COVID-19 epidemic in Iran has imposed a heavy social, economic, political, and psychosocial burden and caused devastating social problems. On the other hand, it has also led to promising social cohesion. This study aimed to explore the community-wide changes following the COVID-19 pandemic and to understand how these changes may affect the Iranian community.

This qualitative study used the grounded theory approach and conducted from May 2020 to March 2021 at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Adopting a purposive sampling approach, 15 faculty members in different fields participated in this study, and 17 interviews were performed.

This study indicated that the core phenomenon in the social change process was “struggling for survival and livelihood”. Therefore, people tried to identify and choose strategies to deal with or repel COVID-19 disease as a life-threatening situation. A set of contextual factors influenced their choice. The media and the performance of organizations as intervening conditions also played an important role in this process. Finally, this complex process led to constructive and destructive outcomes in society.

The COVID-19 epidemic caused various multifaceted social changes in the Iranian community. Some social consequences were constructive and contributed to community development, while others jeopardized community development goals. Therefore, the paradigm model developed in this study can help policymakers and social planners develop programs to promote community health.

Divorce is one of the most major stressors in life . has potentially negative consequences for mental and physical health. So, One’s ability to cope with divorce breeds in more general health. the focus of studies is more concentrated on the effects of divorce on children and women, while the consequences of this phenomenon on men are regrettably neglected. researches showed that divorced men are at highly significant risk for early death based on the cumulative number of years that men lived as divorcees. hypertension is mainly known as a consequence of distress among divorced men. A limited number of heterogeneous researches have concentrated on the experience of divorce in men. However, they are heading for more negative consequences and sometimes the positive consequences are neglected. to eliminate these shortcomings, the Scoping review method will be used for running an exploratory study on the current heterogeneous literature and It will be useful for future research

Surgery is one of the most frequent healthcare events worldwide. Individuals have different expectations of surgery. As most adult patients have a family member beside them and the family presence is important, this study was aimed to explain the expectations of the families of patients undergoing surgery.

This qualitative study was carried out using the conventional content analysis method. A purposive sample of the family members of patients undergoing surgery was recruited with maximum variation from hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in 2019. The sampling method was purposive sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data collection was continued until the categories were saturated. In total, 29 interviews were conducted with 25 family members, 3 nurses, and 1 surgeon.

Overall, 29 interviews were conducted. A total of 811 primary codes without overlap, 446 primary codes with overlap, 36 subcategories, and 11 generic categories were extracted. Finally, four main categories were obtained, named endless confusion, giving the family a share in care, exaggerated focus on obvious behaviors, and accepting the existence of the family.

Families come apart at the seams. Their expectations and needs might not be met and are usually considered unimportant. They need to be seen, heard, considered, understood, and, most importantly, accepted by healthcare providers, especially nurses.

This study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate the Sexual Health Scale for Middle-Aged sexually active women (SHIMA).

This study was a sequential exploratory study consisting of two phases. In phase one, we interviewed 19 middle-aged women and reviewed the existing instruments to generate an item pool. Then, a panel of experts (n = 16) examined the items. In the second phase, the psychometric properties of the scale were assessed. For content and face validity, a panel of experts (n = 8) and a group of middle-aged women (n = 10) reviewed the items. For construct validity, a cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 427 married women. Finally, SHIMA’s reliability was assessed.

In the first phase, the sexual health concept was explored, and a provisional scale including 60 items was generated. Next, 21 items were removed based on content and face validity. Accordingly, the results obtained from the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated acceptable loading for 34 items tapping into six factors that jointly explained 48.67% of the total variance observed. The internal consistency evaluation revealed that Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega were greater than 0.7, and the average inter-item correlation was greater than 0.4, except for one factor that showed borderline results. Test-retest reliability over a 2-weeks interval was 0.90, indi-cating its high stability.

The SHIMA is a reliable and valid scale for measuring sexual health in middle-aged married women. It can be used as a sexual health screening scale by healthcare professionals and for research purposes.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in all populations. Since people with hypertension have a lower quality of life (QoL) compared to healthy people, it is necessary to follow up these patients according to their conditions. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a continuous care model on blood pressure and QoL in hypertensive patients.

Using a random sampling method, this randomized clinical trial (RCT) included 66 patients with hypertension referring to the clinic of Shahid Madani hospital in Tabriz, Iran in 2019. Data collection tools in this research were demographic information questionnaire, sphygmomanometer control device and stethoscope and Quality of Life questionnaire (The Short Form Health Survey-12, SF-12). The patients were randomly assigned into two groups of control and experimental. After the pre-test, the patients’ needs in the experimental group were assessed and the problems were resolved. Then, the post-test was performed one month and two months after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 13.

After the intervention, there was a significant difference in the QoL score and blood pressure in the experimental group. However, this difference was not significant in the control group.

Results indicated that using a follow-up care model had a positive effect on the blood pressure and QoL of patients with hypertension. It is recommended that further studies examine the impact of the integrated care model on QoL in other chronic diseases.

Sexual life can be affected through different aspects of living with diabetes. This study aimed to explore the perception and experiences of Iranian women with diabetes at reproductive age regarding the impact of diabetes on their sexual life. This qualitative study was conducted from August 2018 to February 2019 in five diabetes centers in Tehran. Purposeful sampling method was used to select the participants, and data were collected by in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed manually using the conventional content analysis method. Data saturation occurred after interviewing 24 women with diabetes. Three themes were identified. The first theme was “diabetes-related threatened sexual life” with three categories: change in sexual functioning, negative sexual self-evaluation, and concern in sexual relationships. The second theme was “diabetes treatment challenges in sexual life,” which included two categories: adverse effects of diabetes treatment in sexual life and the psychosocial distress related to diabetes treatment. “Couples’ relationship adjustment to diabetes,” was identified as the third theme, including four categories: the need for spouse’s understanding of living with diabetes problems, perceived need for spouse’s support, perceived need for intimacy, and the need to cope with diabetes-related childbearing challenges. According to the participants’ perception and experiences, in addition to sexual problems, diabetes had affected their sexual life through diabetes treatment challenges in sexual life and the way the couples’ relationships adjust to diabetes. Therefore, sexual problems screening and providing counseling services in community-based diabetes care planning are recommended.

 Violence against the elderly is a single, repetitive act or omission of appropriate action that occurs in an interpersonal relationship and causes harm or discomfort to an elderly person. The lack of a clear definition is one of the challenges of this concept. The present study has been conducted to explain the concept, provide ab operational definition and present some empirical references to violence against the elderly with a hybrid approach.

In this study, the hybrid concept analysis method was used, which includes three steps: theoretical, field research, and analytical. In the first step, the texts were reviewed using Walker and Avant’s approach. In the second step, unstructured interviews using purposive sampling were conducted. Finally, in the third step, the perceptual analysis method was used to integrate the results of the previous two steps.

The results of the final analysis expressed the definition of violence against the disabled elderly and its components, which are violence against the disabled elderly living in the family, including a range of behaviors or actions threatening human dignity and status with or without a purpose that is applied in the living environment or related situations by family members, caregivers or others in the form of exposing the elderly to emotional-mental violence, physical violence, economic violence, sexual violence, social violence, neglect, and abandonment. It is observed as apparent or hidden, intermittent or continuous, and mild to severe. Being neglected, interactive separation, predisposing factors related to the elderly person, and predisposing factors related to the violent perpetrator lead to its occurrence and are associated with destructive personal, family, and social harms.

 The findings of this study can provide a clearer picture of the experiences of this group of elderly people who have all been exposed to violence in some way. Knowledge of the elderly’s experiences and perceptions of the phenomenon of violence leads to an increase in nurses’ awareness of this phenomenon. It reveals essential concepts in nursing, especially in the elderly.

Hidden curriculum is important in medical education and has numerous, long-lasting effects on medical residency. The present scoping review seeks to investigate, identify, and plot the main concepts relating to hidden curriculum and its dimensions, domains, impacts and factors in medical residency courses based on the main references and evidence.

Scoping review methodology was used to guide a search of electronic databases for relevant papers. Of the 394 abstracts initially identified, after screening of both abstracts and full-text papers, 43 studies were selected for inclusion in this review. Following abstraction of key information from each study, a content analysis was undertaken.

Eleven themes were identified from the content analysis: 1) Organizational Issues (13.77%), 2) Socio-cultural Issues (10.5%), 3) Professional Issues (13.41%), 4) CommunicationalFactors (8.7%), 5) Educational Issues (22.83%), 6) Resident Personal Characteristics (21.01%), and 7) Resident Educational Characteristics (9.78%). Among the extracted effective hidden curriculum factors, the role modeling had the highest frequency and was emphasized in the studies.

Although this study explained and identified the components, elements and also the preparation of the initial format of the hidden curriculum framework of the medical residency program, its results can reduce the negative effects of the hidden curriculum on it. More extensive and in-depth studies with different qualitative methods or mixed methods related to the hidden curriculum in different contexts and disciplines of medical residency are recommended to define characteristics of a constructive hidden curriculum of medical residency programs.

Commitment to Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) is one of the essential strategies to reduce the long‑term complications of cardiovascular disease. The attributes of patients’ commitment have not been defined distinctly. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the attributes of commitment to CR from the participants’ perspective.

This qualitative study was carried out in Tehran from 2018 to 2019. Data were collected using semi‑structured interviews with 30 participants, including 13 CR specialists, 13 patients, and four caregivers, through purposeful sampling. The analysis was performed through the conventional content analysis using the Elo and Kyngäs approach.

Commitment to CR has one theme titled the attitudinal‑motivational aspect that consists of four categories including attitudinal‑cognitive, attitudinal‑behavioral, attitudinal‑emotional, and motivational as the core features. The commitment to CR is devotion, internal desire, and voluntary obligation to initiate and continue CR cooperatively, all of which are accompanied by the purposeful initiation of the treatment plan.

The patient’s commitment to CR is an intrinsic interest in achieving health that stems from the acceptance of the disease and the need for treatment. Besides, the rehabilitation team facilitates purposeful interpersonal relationships between the patient and the treatment group. It provides the basis for the patient’s active efforts to meet the challenges of the treatment process

Violence against children is a serious global phenomenon. The severity of the injuriescaused due to violence toward a child is sometimes so great that it sends them to the hospital.Nurses have the first contact with Child Violence Victims (CVVs). These nurses experience differentchallenges. This study was aimed at exploring nurses’ experiences of challenges in care provisionto CVVs.

This conventional content analysis and qualitative study wasconducted in 2018–2019. Using a purposive sampling method, 17 nurses with experience in caredelivery to CVVs were recruited from among those working in Children’s Medical Center, Tehran,Iran, and Bu‑Ali Subspecialty Hospital, Ardabil, Iran. In‑depth semi‑structured interviews wereconducted to collect the required data. Data were analyzed through the conventional content analysismethod.

During data analysis, the 3 main categories of role conflict, lack of continuity ofcare, and emotional resentment and 9 subcategories were identified. Nurses experience challenges incare provision to CVVs. They do not have enough knowledge about CVVs, are unable to maintainthe continuity of care, and experience role conflicts and emotional resentment.

Nursesexperience some difficulties and challenges in the process of care delivery to CVVs. They tried toovercome emotional resentment, different conflicts, and concerns about the lack of continuity ofcare without adequate support and resources. Thus, planning to support nurses in this regard seemsessential.

Teamwork in the health care domain is the preferred mode of care delivery. Few instruments have been developed to assess teamwork in the field of health care, particularly in Iran. This study aimed to validate the Persian version of the Team Assessment Questionnaire (P‑TAQ) in care for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) patients.

In this cross‑sectional study, the validity (face, content, and construct validity) and the reliability (internal consistency and stability) of the cross‑cultural adaptation of the Persian version of the Team Assessment Questionnaire (P‑TAQ) were assessed.

The P‑TAQ had adequate face and content validity. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the seven dimensions of the questionnaire. The internal consistency of the P‑TAQ was 0.91, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was 0.89.

The P‑TAQ is a valid questionnaire in terms of dimensions and items. Assessing teamwork is an essential component of delivering adequate care. By examining the status of teamwork using this questionnaire, it is possible to promote teamwork and to understand its strengths and weaknesses. Future research is necessary to better understand the P‑TAQ so that it can be used for the assessment of teamwork outcomes regarding patient safety, cultural barriers, and medical errors

Students face different challenges during their studies, among which dropping out of universities is one of the most complex of these challenges. The psychological status of students after leaving their university has received less attention in the field of educational psychology studies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the lived experiences of this group of students after leaving university.

In the present qualitative study, 15 students with a dropout experience were recruited throughout a purposive sampling. The experiences of participants were categorized into different groups based on the content of the interviews in thematic analysis. To gather the data, depth interviews was employed by using online video call, and the data was analyzed through a content analysis method.

The conventional content analysis revealed a main theme: helplessness. Accordingly, data analysis led to the formation of two categories: 1-unbelonging with three subcategories:( rejection by people in one's life, loneliness, lack of dignity among peers) and; 2-negative emotions with four subcategories: (shame and guilt, depression and sadness, inferiority feeling, hopelessness towards future).

It seems that the students in Iran with a dropout situation face unpleasant psychological experiences. The results could clarify emotional dimensions of facing with stressful situation in academic context. One practical implication of the present study is the necessity of constructing psychological ‎interventions for dropout student in the Iranian society in order to facilitate proper interventions to support these individuals and improve their psychological health