فهرست مطالب fazlollah shokri

A shake-flask method was used to investigate the solubility and thermodynamic properties of budesonide (BDS) in the temperature scope of 293.2-313.22 K in aqueous mixtures of 2-propanol. There are two categories of mathematical models used to fit the experimental data: linear and non-linear cosolvency mathematical models, such as the van't Hoff's model, Yalkowsky's equation, CNIBS/R–K model, Buchowski, and Ksiazczak equation, modified Wilson model, the Williams-Amidon excess Gibbs energy model, and two Jouyban-Acree models: the Jouyban-Acree and the Jouyban-Acree-van't Hoff. The experimental data for BDS solubility at 298.1 K was also represented with KAT-LSER model. Using back-calculated solubility data, mean relative deviations (MRDs %) of used models were calculated to illustrate fitness and accuracy. Furthermore, van't Hoff and Gibbs equations have been applied to describe how BDS dissolves in binary solvent mixtures with entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy included.

Radiotherapy has become the standard form of treatment for BC. Radioresistance is an issue that limits the effectiveness of RT. Therefore, predictive biomarkers are needed to choose the appropriate RT for the patient. Activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor, NF-κB, is a frequently noted pathway in BC. Investigating the relationship between RT and alterations in gene expression involved in the immune pathway can help better control the disease. This research investigated the impact of RT on the expression levels of Rel-A, PACER, and miR-7 within the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Blood samples (n =15) were obtained from BC patients during four different time intervals: 72 hours prior to initiating RT, as well as one, two, and four weeks following RT completion. Samples were also collected from 20 healthy women who had no immune or cancer-related diseases. Blood RNA was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized. Gene expression level was determined using RT-PCR.

 There was a significant difference in the expression level of Rel-A between patients and normal individual blood samples (p < 0.05). After four weeks of RT, qRT-PCR revealed a significant downregulation of miR-7 and upregulation of Rel-A and PACER in BC patients. Also, there was a significant association between Rel-A expression and monocyte numbers during RT (p < 0.001).

The expression level of PACER, miR-7 and Rel-A, changed after RT; therefore, these genes could be used as diagnostic and therapeutic RT markers in BC.

Current cancer therapies include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and surgery. Despite these treatment methods, a major point in cancer treatment is early detection. RNAs (mRNA, miRNAs, and LncRNA) can be used as markers to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment. This research examined how radiotherapy affected CCL5, miR-214, and MALAT-1 gene expression in the immune pathway in peripheral blood samples from radiation therapy-treated breast cancer patients. Before and after radiotherapy, peripheral blood was collected from 15 patients in four steps. Blood samples were collected in an outpatient facility from 20 healthy female volunteers with no history of malignant or inflammatory conditions. RNA was extracted from the blood samples and cDNA was synthesized. CCL5, miR-214, and MALAT-1 gene expression were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). CCL5 protein levels in the serum were determined in 80 samples (60 BC and 20 healthy controls) using Quantikine Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits (R&D Systems). The data was then statistically evaluated. There was a significant difference between CCL5 levels in tumoral and adjacent normal blood samples (p < 0.05). The results also show that the level of gene expression and serum concentration of CCL5 protein in different phases of radiotherapy is significantly different. On the other hand, the expression level of the miR-214 gene was significantly decreased in patients compared to the control group, but this decrease was not significant for the MALAT-1 gene (p< 0.05). Also, after each stage of radiotherapy, the expression level of these two genes showed a decrease, but in the fourth week after radiotherapy, this decrease was significant (p< 0.05). Radiotherapy is associated with a decrease in the expression of miR-214 and MALAT-1, as a result, an increase in the expression of CCL5. An increase in the concentration of CCL5 protein is accompanied by an increase in the level of monocytes, which ultimately causes the infiltration of macrophages and can ultimately cause cancer recurrence. It is suggested that these genes can probably be used as diagnostic and therapeutic radiotherapy markers in breast cancer.

Telomeres are evolutionary, specialized terminal structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes containing TTAGGG repeats in human. Several human diseases have been known to be associated with dramatic changes in telomere length. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between the relative leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and infertility in a group of Iranian azoospermic males.
In this case-control pilot study, relative telomere length (RTL) of peripheral blood leukocytes from a total of 30 idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermic males and 30 healthy fertile males was evaluated using real-time PCR. RTL was calculated as T (telomere)/S (single copy gene) ratio and compared between infertile and fertile groups.
Patients with azoospermia showed significantly shorter RTL than fertile males (0.54 vs. 0.84, p Our findings demonstrated a probable association between telomere shortening and azoospermia in a population of Iranian infertile men affected by idiopathic azoospermia.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common multifactorial disorders in Iran. Recent genome wide association studies (GWASs), and functional studies have suggested that WFS1 may predispose individuals to T2DM. However, to date, the possible association of such variants with T2DM in Iranians remained unknown. Here, we investigated the association of the two polymorphisms of WFS1 (rs1801214 a CpG-SNP, and rs1046320 a 3’UTR-SNP) with T2DM in an Iranian population. The study population comprised 432 unrelated Iranian individuals including 220 patients with T2DM, and 211 unrelated healthy control subjects. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP, and confirmed with sequencing. In a logistic regression analysis, the rs1801214-T allele was associated with a significantly lower risk of T2DM assuming the log-additive model (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.91, P= 0.007539). Moreover, the G allele of rs1046320 was associated with a lower risk of T2DM assuming the log-additive model (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50- 0.91, P= 0.008313). Haplotype analysis revealed that haplotypes that carry at least one protective allele are associated with a lower risk of T2DM. This is a first evidence for the association of WFS1 rs1801214, and rs1046320 with T2DM in an Iranian population.

Metabolic syndrome and its pathological sequel, type 2 diabetes are considered as important global health problems. Metformin is the most common drug prescribed for patients with this disorder. Consequently, understanding the genetic pathways involved in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this drug can have a considerable effect on the personalized treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we evaluated the association between rs11212617 polymorphism of ATM gene and rs628031 of SLC22A1 gene with response to treatment in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. We genotyped rs11212617 and rs628031 polymorphism by PCR based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and assessed the role of this polymorphisms on response to treatment in 140 patients who have been recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and were under monotherapy with metformin for 6 months. Response to metformin was defined by HbA1c and fasting blood sugar (FBS) values. Based on such evaluations, patients were divided into two groups: responders (n= 63) and non-responders (n= 77). No significant association was found between these polymorphisms and response to treatment (OR= 0.86, [95% CI 0.52–1.41], P= 0.32) for rs11212617 and (OR= 0.45, [95% CI 0.64–1.76], P= 0.45) for rs 628031. The reported gene variants in ATM and SLC22A1 are not significantly associated with metformin treatment response in type 2 diabetic patients in an Iranian population.