فهرست مطالب fereshteh bayat

The purpose of the current research was to examine the fit of the systemic classroom flourishing model (FCSM) of Allison et al. (2020) and determine its academic consequences. The current research was descriptive and of the type of correlation studies and specifically structural equation modeling based on the partial least squares (PLS) approach. Using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 1000 students of the second year of high school in Arak city were selected from 20 schools and 100 classrooms (10 students in each class) and used research tools including the classroom flourishing scale (Bayat and Rezaei , 1401), Martin and Marsh's academic vitality questionnaire (2006), Harter's academic motivation questionnaire (1981), academic satisfaction subscale, derived from Heubner's multidimensional life satisfaction scale (MSLSS), and Rio's academic engagement questionnaire (2013). In order to analyze the data, partial least squares (PLS) method was used. The results showed that the classroom flourishing model and its academic consequences have an acceptable and satisfactory fit. According to the mentioned model, classroom flourishing consists of 4 factors of cohesion, flexibility, communication and well-being, with factor loadings of 0.885, 0.902, 0.854 and 0.965, respectively. Also, the factors of cohesion, flexibility and communication each consisted of three subscales and the well-being factor consisted of six subscales, all of which had satisfactory factor loadings. In addition, according to the mentioned model, the most important academic consequences of classroom flourishing are academic involvement, academic motivation, academic vitality, academic satisfaction and academic progress. The divergent validity of the classroom flourishing model and its academic outcomes were investigated and confirmed using the heterotrit-monotrit (HTMT) criterion and its convergent validity using the average explained variance (AVE) and the Rau reliability index (rho). The reliability of the model tools was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability (Dillon-Goldstein coefficient). The results showed that all the obtained coefficients for the main variables of the model are favorable and satisfactory (between 0.837 and 0.973). The overall fit of the model was also obtained using the GOF goodness of fit index (Tennhaus et al., 2004) equal to 0.64, which indicates a strong fit of the model. In general, based on the results, it can be said that the classroom flourishing model has a good fit, and the developed model and tools can be used to monitor the classroom flourishing and improve it.

The Kuh-e-Kalut-e-Ghandehari is located about 40 Km northwest of the Anarak (northeast of Isfahan). This area is a part of the Central Iran that is situated in west of the Yazd block; near to the Ashin ophiolite and drastic directional changes of the Great Kavir Fault. In the northwest of Anarak, the Ashin ophiolite is covered by the Cretaceous limestones, and crossed by the Eocene volcanic rocks. The Upper Eocene gabbro-diorite stock cross cuts the Eocene volcanic rocks. Andesites are the predominant unit of the Eocene volcanic rocks. They are grey to dark- grey in colour and have amphibolite xenolith. The main textures of these volcanic rocks are porphyritic, poikilitic, trachytic, sieved texture and glomeroporphyritic. The main phenocrystic minerals of andesites are plagioclase, amphibole and clinopyroxene situated in a matrix of the same minerals and sanidine, magnetite and apatite. Secondary minerals are formed as a result of the hydrothermal alteration and comprise zeolite, chlorite, epidot, sericite, kaolinite and calcite. Mineral chemistry indicates that plagioclases are andesine to labradorite (An= 30-52%), K-feldspars are sanidine (Or= 68-71%), amphiboles are calcic with pargasite composition (Mg#= 0.58-0.71), and clinopyroxenes are diopside (Mg#= 0.91-0.93) in composition. Whole rocks chemical analyses indicate that these andesite and trachy-andesite rocks have calc-alkaline property. The chondrite and primitive mantle-normalized REE and multi-element patterns show LREE and LILE enrichment and HFSE (Ti, Ta, Nb) depletion, which are characteristics of the subduction-related magmas. These data indicate that the primary magmas were genarated by medium degrees of partial melting of the lithospheric mantle spinel lherzolite. Subduction of the Central-East-Iranian Microcontinent (CEIM)-confining oceanic crusts (Naein and Ashin oceanic crusts) are possibly the reason of this volcanism. Geochemistry of these volcanic rocks are similar to the arc-related ones.

Several challenges, including rapid drug release from the carrier, repeated drug administration, fluctuations in plasma drug concentration, and reduced patient compliance have been reported for conventional drug delivery systems. Liposomes were first developed by a scientist, A.D. Bangham, in 1961. The word liposome is a combination of the two Greek words “lipos” meaning fat and “soma” meaning body. A liposome is a system, which its membrane is made up of fatty compounds such as lipids. The lipid membrane and its entrapped space are suitable for the loading of lipophilic and hydrophilic drug molecules, respectively. Liposomes, as optimal drug delivery systems, could be an appropriate solution to many of the challenges of conventional drug delivery systems.    Liposomes, which are made from phospholipid and cholesterol, have many benefits as optimal drug delivery systems. A wide range of therapeutics could be incorporated within liposomal carriers. They are biodegradable and biocompatible. They do not stimulate the immune system and are used as a synthetic membrane model. These systems increase the stability of drugs in the body by protecting the drug compounds within them and also reduce the toxic effects of drugs by minimizing drug exposure to sensitive tissues. Liposomes can also control drug release.    The particle size of liposomes varies from nanometers to micrometers depending on the preparation method. Liposomes can be classified on the basis of their size and bilayers number, into: giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) 0.5 – 10 µm;  multilamellar vesicles (MLV) 1 - 5 µm; large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) around 100 – 500 nm; small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) 20 - 100 nm; and multivesicular liposomes (MVL). MVL are characterized by their structure of multiple non-concentric aqueous chambers surrounded by a network of lipoidal membranes. The particle size of monolayer and multilayer liposomes is about a few hundred nanometers, while the average particle size of MVLs is 1 to 100 µm.    Methods of liposomes preparation include thin layer hydration, reverse phase evaporation, solvent injection, dehydration-rehydration, and ultrasonic. The MVL system is a water in oil in water emulsion (W / O / W) that organic phase contains hydrophobic material and liquid phase contains hydrophilic material. The double emulsification method is the most common method of MVL preparation.
Small drugs as well as large molecules such as peptides and proteins can be loaded in the unique structure of MVL. So far, several peptides or protein compounds have been successfully loaded in MVL and their therapeutic effects investigated in various diseases. In vitro and in vivo studies show that MVLs well control the drug release rate. There are some examples for MVL applications regarding these compounds.; MVL containing insulin or liraglutide in diabetes mellitus treatment, bevacizumab in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, thymopentin in immune disorders, LXT-101 in the treatment of prostate cancer, angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide in the treatment of hypertension, alfa interferon in hepatitis C, and leridistim in chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression are some of the studies in this field.
    
   MVL consists of four compounds: phospholipids, cholesterol, neutral triglycerides, and negatively charged lipids. Phospholipid chains form the bilayer membrane of the liposome, and the cholesterol in the system is located between these chains. The cholesterol to phospholipids ratio, lipid to drug ratio, and lipidic composition affect the stability of the system and the rate of drug release. Neutral triglycerides such as triolein, tricaprylene, trilaureine and tributyrine allow the formation of this unique multivesicular structure, stabilize the membranes of internal vesicles at the point of contact with each other, preventing them from merging and controlling the drug release rate. Negatively charged lipids such as dicetyl phosphate (DCP) also control particle accumulation by inducing a negative charge on the surface of liposomes.
Observation and determination of MVL structure are usually performed by optical and electron microscopes. The sysyems should also be characterized regarding drug encapsulation, drug release profile and kinetics, storage stability, and drug-vesicle interaction.  Most studies on the MVL drug delivery system have been performed on drug-loaded MVLs. To date, application of MVLs containing tramadol in pain management, various compounds (include rose bengal, oxaliplatin, oleanolic acid, and cytarabine) in cancer, dexamethasone sodium phosphate in hearing impairment, acyclovir sodium in infectious diseases of herpes simplex virus (HSV), desferrioxamine mesylate in iron toxicity, celecoxib as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent, breviscapine in cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular ischemia, flucinolone acetonide in ocular inflammatory diseases, naltrexone hydrochloride in opioid abuse and alcohol dependence and ropivacaine hydrochloride in local anesthesia has been investigated.  
In some treatment protocols, the simultaneous administration of two-drug combinations is required to achieve the desired result. The large aqueous space in the MVL and the division of this space into intravesicular and extra-vesicular parts, allows multiple drug combinations to be loaded in it and enter the body during an administration. The efficacy of co-delivery of mitoxantrone hydrochloride with horseradish peroxidase and insulin with metformin in a system was investigated in the treatment of cancer and diabetes mellitus, respectively, and showed satisfactory effects. Another class of drugs that have been successfully loaded in MVL is antibiotics. Antibiotics should have the least fluctuations in plasma concentrations in order to be more effective on microorganisms, so they should be prescribed according to a regular schedule. In MVL studies, researchers found satisfactory results from the study of the two antibiotics vancomycin and gentamicin.   
Many liposomal systems are used clinically to control drug release. These systems include daunorubicin, desferrioxamine mesylate, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), doxorubicin, vincristine sulfate, and irinotecan respectively under the brand names DaunoXome®, DepoDFO®, DepoIGF-I®, Doxil®, Marqibo®, and Onivyde®. Depofoam is a type of MVL system with a particle size of 10 to 20 µm that could be a good depot in the body and releases the drug in a controlled manner. Depofoams are good choices for drug delivery to tumor areas and sensitive areas of the body such as the eyes, spinal cord, and epidural, and can reduce drug toxicity and side effects by minimizing drug exposure to healthy parts of the body.    There are several Depofoam systems which three of these systems have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). DepoCyt® is a Depofoam system of the anticancer drug cytarabine by intrathecal injection. This system releases the drug in the body for two weeks and makes an optimum concentration of it in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). DepoDur® is the second product, which contains morphine. It relieves post-surgery pain after epidural administration and reduces the use of other injectable analgesics. Exparel® is a new formulation of bupivacaine with an analgesic effect that is injected near the surgical site. Numerous animal and human studies showed that after intrathecal, epidural, intraocular, intramuscular, intravenous, intra-arterial, and subcutaneous administration of Depofoam.
This review article provides an overview of recent studies on the MVL system and its effect on optimizing rate of drug release. Successful loading of large molecules such as proteins and the possibility of loading multiple drug combinations into one system shows a hopeful view for the future of MVL in the pharmaceutical industry. It seems that this new technology, by overcoming the problems caused by frequent drug administration, has created an additional incentive for researchers to advance in this field. However, problems such as the high cost of these liposomes are some of the challenges that they face.

The present study was conducted to investigate the fit of the Classroom flourishing, System (FCSM) model among high school students. The present study was descriptive and correlational studies and in particular factor analysis and structural equation modeling method based on the partial least squares (PLS) approach. Using multi-stage cluster sampling method, 600 high school students in Arak were selected and used for research tools including the Systematic Observation Scale of Fish and Religion Classroom (2000) and a researcher-made questionnaire based on model welfare Welfare Allison et al. (2020) responded. In order to analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis with partial least squares PLS method was used. Model validity was assessed using content validity, construct validity, divergent validity and convergent validity and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability. The results showed that the model has good structural validity so that the factor loads of all indicators on their respective factor was greater than 0.4. Divergent validity was checked using HTMT ratio and all HTMT ratios were less than 0.90. Convergent validity was also confirmed using mean variance (≤AVE 0.498) and reliability (RAO index greater than 0.60). Took. Cronbach's alpha reliability and combined reliability for all four second-order components were greater than 0.87, indicating satisfactory reliability. Based on the results, this model and related tools can be used to study the flourishing, of the classroom as well as the growth and development of flourishing.

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, is one of the major tomato pathogens in Iran. Using resistant varieties is one of coping method to this disease. In the current study, tolerance of some tomato cultivars to root knot nematode was evaluated in greenhouse. In this research resistance of 8 tomamo cultivars called (CH- Falat, Y- Falat, Eden Petopride 2, Petopride 5, Xaman, Comodoro and GS12) were evaluated to root-knot nematode in greenhouse in completely randomized design with four replications. The 4-6 leave’s seedling of tomato was inoculated with 5000 larva of nematode per each kg of pot soil. After 2 months, disease index were evaluated on tomato plants. Cluster analysis showed the range of susceptibility to resistance of tomato cultivars to M. javanica. Results based on pathogenicity traits indicated that the cultivars were divided into four groups: very sensitive, sensitive, semi-sensitive and fairly resistant. CH- Falat cultivar was very sensitive, culticars Y- Falat and Eden were sensitive, cultivars Petopride 2, Petopride 5, Xaman and GS12 were semi-susceptible and Comodoro was relatively resistant to root knot nematode.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with many problems and several treatments have been proposed for the treatment of children with this disorder. The present study was carried out with the purpose of determining the effectiveness of play therapy and storytelling on the improvement of the symptoms of hyperactivity disorder/attention deficit disorder in students.

The research method was pretest and posttest design with control group. At first, the Conners scale was implemented on 450 female students (age range, 7-12 years) in the schools of Semnan city. Then, 45 students who obtained the highest score based on the Conners scale, were voluntarily selected. In the following, these 45 students were randomly and equally assigned to two experimental groups of experimental (play therapy and storytelling) and control. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate variance analysis.

According to the results of MANOVA test, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the variables of hyperactivity, conduct, attention deficit, and anxiety [p≥0.005, F=(35.4)=17.22]. The results of the univariate ANOVA indicated that there was a significant difference between all studied variables, except for inactivity between the groups (p<0.005).

The results of this study revealed that play therapy and storytelling have a positive effect on the improvement of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, thus, applying these methods can have beneficial results for students

Wheat take-all disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is one of the serious wheat diseases in our country, Iran. The Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria by root colonization and antibiotic production ability are an important biologic control agent of soil born disease. In this study, presence of the phenazine 1-carboxylic acid synthase gene was tracked in 21 Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates via PCR using specific primers of PCA2a and PCA3b. Also, the ability of antimicrobial metabolites production by all of these bacterial isolates such as siderophore and hydrogen cyanide and influences on the growth of pathogenic fungi was investigated via in vitro culture. Ability of the selected bacterial isolates for controlling wheat take-all disease were tested in a greenhouse experiment using a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that bacterial isolates were able to produce siderophore and hydrogen cyanide under in vitro conditions. The results of the greenhouse experiment showed that wt_20، eq1_3، wt1_65، eq1_4، 2_79، whm_3 و wbo2_7 isolates had positive effects on a number of wheat growth factors such as root/shoot length, root and shoot dry/fresh weight and also reduce in the pathogenicity index was effective in controlling take-all disease in effected plant. In total, the results of this research showed that P. fluorescens bacteria can be used to biologic control of the take-all disease.

Micrografting of lime were evaluated on four different citrus rootstocks; small-fruited sour orange, big-fruited sour orange, lime and lemon in four culture medium supporting systems including paper bridge, perlite and vermiculite supplemented with half MS and paper bridge supplemented with full MS each one with 60 or 75 g L-1 sucrose. Also, micrografted plantlets were evaluated in three beds including perlite, vermiculite, and perlite-vermiculite for acclimatization and growth. Statistical analysis of micrografting and acclimatization was done as factorial in a completely randomized design with 5 replications. According to independent treatments results, the most rate of successful micrografting of lime shoot tip was achieved on seedling rootstocks of lemon. Also, the best micrografting were observed at the highest concentration of sucrose at 75 gL-1media culture. In general, the most rate of successful micrografting of lime shoot tip was obtained on seedling rootstocks of lemon and big fruit sour orange in culture medium supporting systems of perlite and paper bridge with half MS containing 75 gL-1sucrose. After micrografting, the plantlets were transplanted from the in vitro to the culture medium. The highest survival rate and adaptation of micrografted lime based on the number of leaves and length of scion after 5 weeks was obtained with lemon and big-fruited sour orange rootstocks micrografted in paper bridge culture medium and transferred to the perlite- vermiculite bed.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of plant rhizosphere inhabitants bacteria which stimulate plant growth and increase host tolerance to environmental stresses using several mechanisms. Fluorescent pseudomonads are considered as the most important plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. The aim of this study is screening Pseudomonas fluorescens strains isolated from barley rhizosphere in Bushehr province for growth stimulating properties and tolerace to salt stre.
25 P. fluorscens strains were evaluated for growth stimulating properties including siderophore, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production, inorganic phosphate solubilization and the ability to tolerate salinity levels (0, 200, 400 and 600 mM of sodium chloride) under in vitro conditions.
The results revealed that among the 25 strains studied, all were siderophore-producers (1.34-8.48 µM/ml) and 88% were able to produce HCN. The ability to solubilize mineral phosphate was observed in 88% of strains. Superior strains with PGP traits (B2-10, B4-6, B10, P68 and CHA0) were able to produce IAA (1.78-2.29 mg/ml). All strains were able to tolerate NaCl concentrations of 200-600 mM, however, their colony diameter decreased with increase in salinity levels.
Discussion and The current study showed that some P. fluorescens strains isolated from barley rhizosphere like B2-10, B4-6, B2-11 and B10, had plant growth-promoting characteristics and salt tolerance ability, so it can be concluded that these strains have the potential to be applied as useful microorganisms in bifertilizers to enhance plant growth under salt stress conditions.

Pseudomonas fluorescens strains producing 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) contribute to the biological control of many fungal plant diseases. Tomato Fusarium wilt is one of the most important diseases of this plant that causes considerable damage to the crop. In the current study, 35 strains of P. fluorescens were screened for the presence of phlD and hcnAB genes and it was revealed that nine strains harbored the target genes. Antagonistic ability of phlD+ and hcnAB닚� was tested against pathogen under in vitro conditions using dual culture method and five strains including PGU, PGU1, PGU2, PGU3 and CHA0 were selected for further studies. Strains were checked for production of antimicrobial metabolites and plant growth promoting traits and then, their potential to control Fusarium wilt and promoting tomato growth was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Laboratory results showed that bacterial strains were capable of producing antimicrobial compounds like DAPG, pyoluteorin and monoacetylphloroglucinol, hydrogen cyanide, indole-3-acetic acid, protease and solubilization of mineral phosphate. Strains were also able to control the disease and stimulate tomato plants growth significantly under greenhouse conditions and PGU strain performed better in comparison to other strains. This study suggests that the production of antimicrobial metabolites and/or metabolites stimulating plant growth plays a key role in effective disease control and increasing plant growth parameters under greenhouse conditions.

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, is one of the major tomato pathogens in Iran. In the current study, Pseudomonas fluorescens UTPF101 and UTPF68 strains were evaluated for biological control of the pathogen. The strains were studied in terms of having phlD gene through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ability of bacteria to produce antimicrobial metabolites and their effect on hatching eggs and larvicidal activity were then studied in vitro. Finally, the ability of bacteria to control nematode on four varieties of tomatoes was studied via a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications under greenhouse conditions. PCR procedure results showed that both strains contained phlD gene and 629 bp DNA fragment was reproduced in both of them. Bacterial strains were capable of producing DAPG antibiotic, hydrogen cyanide and protease in in vitro conditions. UTPF68 strain showed a greater impact on the egg hatching compared to strain UTPF101, while in terms of the impact on larvae mortality; both strains performed the same. The greenhouse results indicated that both bacterial strains increased the growth factors and reduced nematode pathogenicity in the infected plants. The rate of growth or controlling nematode was different depending on tomato cultivar or bacterial strain.

The occurrence of blueschist metamorphic facies is believed to mark the existence of former subduction zones. This facies is represented in the main constituents of subduction-accretion complexes, where it occurs in separate tectonic sheets, imbricated slices, lenses, or exotic blocks within a serpentinite mélange (Volkova et al., 2011). The evidence of the presence and maturity of Paleo- Tethys oceanic crust in the CEIM (define this) in Paleo-Tethys branches, subduction and collision has been studied by various authors (Bagheri, 2007; Zanchi et al., 2009; Bayat and Torabi, 2011; Torabi 2011). Late Paleozoic blueschists have recognized in the western part of the CEIM (e. g. Anarak, Chupanan and Turkmeni) in linear trends. Metamorphic rocks of the Turkmeni area (SE of Anarak) are composed of blueschist and meta-greywacke and are situated along the Turkmeni-Ordib fault associated with Paleozoic rock units and serpentinized peridotite bodies. Turkmeni blueschist and meta-greywackes have not been studied by previous workers. The Turkmeni blueschists consist of albite, winchite, actinolite and epidote. Granoblastic, nematoblastic and lepidoblastic are main textures in these rocks. Winchite is found in the matrix and around epidote grains. This sodic-calcic amphibole serves as an index mineral in blueschist facies. Actinolite and epidote formed during retrograde metamorphism of blueschists in the greenschist facies. The mineral assemblage of albite, epidote, chlorite and phengite ± garnet is present in meta-greywackes in the Turkmeni blueschists. Veins of garnet, muscovite, quartz and opaque minerals are extensive in these rocks. Epidote and chlorite formed in meta-greywackes by retrograde metamorphism in the greenschist facies. The aim of the present study is to determine the petrological and geochemical characteristics, P-T condition of blueschists and meta-greywackes, as well as the geotectonic setting of primary basaltic rocks of the Turkmeni blueschists. This study is based on field observations and petrographical and analytical studies. Satellite images and a geological map were prepared. About 20 thin sections were supplied for petrological studies. Mineral chemical analyses were carried out by a JEOL JXA-8800R electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) at the Cooperative Center of Kanazawa University, Japan. The analyses were performed under an accelerating voltage of 15 kV and a beam current of 15 nA with 3µm probe beam diameter. The Fe3+ contents of minerals were estimated by assuming ideal mineral stoichiometry. The representative mineral compositions are given in Tables 1-3. Major oxides, rare earth elements (REE) and trace elements of five blueschists samples were analyzed by the ICP-MS method (Kanpanzhouh Research Company, Tehran, Iran) of the SGS laboratory of Canada. Whole rock chemical data are presented in Table 4. Petrographical and geochemical characteristics of Turkmeni blueschists reveal that they were derived from a similar mantle source and underwent analogous melt extraction and post magmatism occurrences. According to the trace and rare earth elements contents, the protolith of blueschists should be formed by crystallization of tholeiitic basalt and have sub-alkali basalt nature. Blueschists have LREE values more than HREE. High amounts and evident variations of LIL elements are obvious. Negative anomalies of HFSE such as Nb, Hf, Zr and Ti are evident in Turkmeni blueschist. REE trends of these rocks resemble as the back arc basin basalts. Based on the Nb/La ratio and REE contents, the original magma has been generated by low to medium degree of partial melting of a lithospheric mantle spinel lherzolite. Geochemical characteristics and normalized diagrams reveal that primary magma of protolith has been nature near to IAB and E-MORB. The related processes to subduction of Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust led to mantle enrichment and carbonate metasomatism. The Paleo-Tethys Ocean spreading in CEIM commenced in Late Ordovician and terminated in the Late Paleozoic-Triassic. Association of meta-greywackes with blueschist and LILE/HFSE contents shows that Paleo-Tethys oceanic crust subduction zone at Turkmeni region was been immature. Mineral chemistry and assemblages of the blueschists and meta-greywackes units reveal that they suffered different metamorphic evolution: (M1) greenschist metamorphism by existence of actinolite and albite in basaltic rocks, and then they passed a prograde metamorphism in the blueschist facies by existence of winchites (M2) which is followed by a retrograde metamorphism P-T condition in the greenschist facies (M3). Variscan tectono-metamorphism occurrence has been main metamorphic phase in Anarak region and it has led to metamorphism in blueschist facies of Turkmeni rocks. Acknowledgments: The authors wish to thank the University of Isfahan University for financial supports.

Fluorescent pseudomonads producing 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) antibiotic have been well studied for use as biocontrol agents around the world. Pseudomonas fluorescens PGU0 strain was isolated from the rhizosphere of sunflower in Bushehr Province. Dual culture test showed that the strain had antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani fungus on different media cultures; moreover, under growth chamber condition, the strain reduced disease severity by 52% and caused an increase in dry weight of infected bean seedlings by 80%. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers, demonstrated the presence of key genes (phlD, hcnBC and pltB) involved in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial metabolites Phl, Pyoluteorin (PLT) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), respectively . Antibiotic production was examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and it was found that these bacteria are capable of producing DAPG and PLT antibiotics. On the other hand, production of hydrogen cyanide and siderophore by the bacterium was demonstrated under lab conditions. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA proved similarity of this strain with other world biocontrol strains capable of producing antimicrobial metabolites like Phl and Plt.

The metabasites of Meraji and Chah Palang Mountains located south of Chupanan (Central Iran) and covered by the Paleozoic metamorphic complexes. These metabasites are composed of closely associated metabasalts, metagabbros, and metadiabases. The metabasites of Meraji and Chah Palang Mountains are metamorphosed in greenschist and amphibolite facies, respectively. Following the peak metamorphism, these rocks suffered a retrograde metamorphism of greenschist facies. Field observations, petrographic and mineralogical features reveal significant differences between both metabasite occurrences. Rock forming minerals are plagioclase, clinopyroxene and amphibole. Accessory minerals are biotite, illmenite, titanomagnetite and titanite. Chlorite, epidote, pumpellyite, leucoxene and calcite are secondary minerals. The Chah Palang metabasites have higher K2O and TiO2 contents in comparison with that of the Meraji metabasites. The Na2O content of the Meraji metabasites is 6.86-8.40 (wt%), implying spilitization of pillow lavas by sub-sea floor metamorphism. The hornblende-plagioclase thermometry and Al in amphibole barometry reveal different conditions for the metamorphism. The equilibrium temperature for the Chah Palang area was estimated 562-752 ºC at pressure of 7-8 kbar, while in the Meraji area 426-520 ºC at pressure of 5-6 kbar were obtained.

Metagabbro، metadiabase and metabasalt of the Chah Palang and Me''raji mountains associated with Lower Paleozoic metamorphites are situated in the south of Arousan. Metabasites of these areas are relatively similar in terms of mineralogy and geochemical characteristics. Rock-forming minerals of the Me''raji metabasites are feldspar، amphibole، biotite، sphene، epidote، chlorite ± calcite. Metagabbro and metadiabase of the Chah Palang area are similar to the Me''raji metabasites in mineralogy and geochemistry. Volcanic rocks are overlain by metagabbros and consist of plagioclase، biotite، sphene، sanidine، chlorite، epidote and iron oxides. The rigid dykes، which are found in the volcanic units are associated with metagabbros and mineralogically are similar to the metavolcanics. Amphibolitic dykes are composed of amphibole، plagioclase and biotite with preferred orientation. Metabasites show limited range of differentiation. Me''raji metabasites are basalt and trachy-basalt in composition، whereas the Chah Palang ones present basalt and trachy-basalt composition. Similar to metabasites of the other parts of Iran، the studied basic rocks demonstrate alkaline to transitional chemical characteristic and are formed in an extensional environment by low-degree partial melting of a garnet-spinel peridotite. Metamorphic episodes have changed the studied rocks to amphibolite and greenschist، but the primitive igneous textures are preserved.