fereshteh fallah digsara

Soybean (Glycine max) is a plant of the legume family and one of the most important oil plants. Soybean is rich in various proteins and phytochemicals, especially isoflavones. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and inhibitory effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of soybean seed on acetyl cholinesterase and production of amyloid nanobiofibrils in bovine serum albumin protein as a model protein. First, the yellow soybean seeds was powdered, then its hydro-alcoholic extract was prepared.  The extracts composition were obtained by GC-MS spectroscopy. Anti-Alzheimer's effects were performed by measuring antioxidant activity by DPPH method, Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by ellman method and inhibition of the production of amyloid nanobiofibrils by congored absorption method. Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the presence of amyloid fibrils. The presence of genistein active component in yellow soybean seed extract was confirmed by 2.97% and palmitic and linoleic acids by 3.11 and 10.69%, respectively. Investigation of antioxidant activity of soybean extract in different doses showed that with increasing the concentration of the extract, the percentage of antioxidant activity also increases. Investigation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition using a substrate analogue called acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI) showed that with increasing the concentration of the extract, the amount of enzyme inhibition increases. The amounts of extract at high concentrations reduced the production of amyloid nanofibrils. This was confirmed by electron microscope images.Yellow soybeans, with their good antioxidant and inhibitory effects on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, can be a good candidate for reducing the side effects of Alzheimer's.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different extraction solvents, including hydro-alcoholic (H-A), ethanolic (Et-OH), and methanolic (Me-OH), on chemical composition and synergistic antibacterial activity of Frangula alnus extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The chemical composition of the F. alnus bark extract was evaluated using FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and GC/MS analysis. The synergistic antimicrobial effect of the extracts with Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Erythromycin (ERY) was evaluated using minimum inhibitory concentrations, combined disc, and checkerboard titration method. F. alnus contained alkanes, alkenes, phenols, alcohols, esters, terpenes, fatty acid, tetrazole, halo-alkane, anthraquinone as well aromatic, and plasticizer compounds in the ethanolic, methanolic, and hydro-alcoholic extracts. Total phenolic compounds for ethanolic, hydro-alcoholic and methanolic extracts were recorded 110.92±0.01, 95.27±0.01 and 126.6±0.02 g/L Gallic acid, respectively. Et-OH and H-A extracts in both combined and synergistic forms significantly inhibited bacterial growth. Concerning the antibacterial activity of the extracts, it was assumed that the compounds present in the plant extracts would destroy the bacterial cell membranes and consequently cause leakage of intracellular contents. Therefore these antibiotics in combination with the extracts would be able to affect their target sites (CIP; DNA gyrase and ERY; 50S subunit) more effectively. According to the results, H-A, Me-OH, and Et-OH extract efficiently in the synergistic state with erythromycin and ciprofloxacin can be a promising candidate to be used against bacterial pathogens.