firouzabadi

Due to the increasing concern about the growing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to a variety of common antibiotics, it is vital to find and introduce new drugs to treat bacterial infections. To this end, intensive efforts need to be taken to find novel antimicrobial agents with diverse antimicrobial modes of action, preventing pathogen growth. Combination therapy using current antibiotics and other biological or chemical molecules might be efficient as an exciting new approach.

In the present study, the synergistic antibacterial activity of Dermastin B1 recombinant peptides isolated from transgenic T1 tobacco plants either alone or in combination with peppermint essential oils were evaluated against Xanthomonas translucen, Xanthomonas perforans, Xanthomonas citri, Xanthomonas gardneri and Pseudomonas syringae by measuring the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) index at different concentrations.

The results of this study showed that the MIC of Dermaseptin B1 peptides and the peppermint essential oils against bacteria were 50 µg/ml and 4.6 µg/ml, respectively. FIC index showed a synergistic effect of peppermint essential oils with Dermaseptin B1 recombinant peptide with FIC=0.49.

The results of this study suggest that Dermasptin B1 recombinant peptides can be effective either alone or in combination with the peppermint essential oils to control bacterial infections. However, it seems that there is a synergistic effect between recombinant peptides and peppermint essential oils in combat against phytopathogens.

Rapid emergence of traditional antibiotic-resistant pathogens is one of the most important global challenges in medical sciences. To this end, substitution of current antibiotics with strong antimicrobial peptides could be of great benefit.

In this study, the DNA sequence encoding dermaseptin B1 (DrsB1) antimicrobial peptide derived from Phyllomedusa bicolor frog species was fused to either N or C terminal end of the sequence encoding the chitin-binding domain of the Avr4 gene from Cladosporium fulvum. The recombinant expression vectors containing two separate structures were transferred to Agrobacterium rhizogenes bacterium and then used to produce Hairy Roots (HRs) in tobacco plants. Recombinant dermaseptin B1 peptides were extracted from HRs and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated against some important human pathogens.

Transgene integration and expression of recombinant DrsB1 in hairy roots were confirmed by PCR and semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of the protein extracts from transgenic HRs showed that both recombinant proteins had significant inhibitory effects on the bacterial pathogens growth (P>0.01). CBD-DrsB1 recombinant protein had the highest inhibitory activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis, whereas DrsB1-CBD recombinant protein showed the least antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

To the best of our knowledge, this study for the first time showed that the new recombinant peptides possess a high antibacterial activity. Acquiring resistance to antimicrobial peptides in bacteria is not readily feasible, therefore, present findings may find application as suitable alternative for current antibiotic drugs.

Enterococcus species are opportunistic pathogens and their pathogenicity seems to be related to the presence of a number of pathogenicity genes. Since donkey’s milk is a new non-allergenic source of nutrition, this study was performed to assess the antibiogram and detection of pathogenicity genes in some Enterococcus faecalis isolates from donkey’s milk. In this experimental study, several Enterococcus faecalis strains were isolated from donkey’s milk. Resistance patterns of the isolates to 10 antibiotics including vancomycin were investigated based on CLSI protocol. Statistical comparison was made by Fisher's exact test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was used to study gel E, esp, ace, as and efaA pathogenicity related genes. Enterococcus faecalis isolates showed a different antibiogram pattern. Isolates were resistant to azithromycin, and erythromycin, but were susceptible to ampicillin and penicillin. Previously isolated LUB93929 and LUB93101 isolates were found to be susceptible and resistance to vancomycin, respectively. GelE, ace and efaA genes were detected in both Enterococcus faecalis isolates and also in E. faecalis in the control strains. The aggregation substance gene (as) was only amplified in LUB93101 isolate. Interestingly, esp gene was not detected in any of the isolates. Despite resistance to vancomycin and presence of some pathogenicity related genes in this study, E. faecalis isolates may not be human pathogens due to lack of pathogenic factors. The esp gene is crucial for biofilm formation and rise of nosocomial infections. Donkey’s milk Enterococcus faecalis isolates are not able to form biofilm and seem not to bring any problem.

Antimicrobial peptides are one of the vital components of innate immunity in plants and animals. The identification and introduction of novel and effective peptide molecules to plants is a cost-effective way both to improve the resistance of crop plant species to pathogens, and to produce peptides for pharmaceutical applications by using recombinant DNA technology. An expression construct containing the omiganan (MBI-226) antimicrobial gene sequence was cloned and used for tobacco and potato Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Following tissue culture, Polymerase chain reaction analysis (PCR) confirmed that some kanamycin resistant plants are transgenic. A number of transgenic plants, along with a non-transgenic control, were selected. Total protein was extracted from the transgenic plants, and the non-transgenic control, and was used for antimicrobial activity assay against some human pathogens, including; Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus epidermis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typh, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans using the disc diffusion method. Total protein extract from transgenic plants was significantly (P<0.05) able to inhibit the majority of bacteria growth, whereas non-transgenic total protein extract did not inhibit human pathogens growth. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between transgenic lines with respect to omiganan peptide activity. In contrary to gram-negative bacteria, omiganan peptide did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on human gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. The total protein from the omiganan-expressing peptide had a strong antibacterial activity against some human bacterial pathogens. By expression and purification of the omiganan peptide, the peptide could be used as an antibiotic to destroy pathogenic bacteria. This approach could open an opportunity to produce antibacterial peptides in plants for pharmaceutical applications.

Awareness of genetic diversity is a prerequisite and the first step in plant breeding. In this regard, the present study investigates the genetic diversity of 20 cultivars of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium. Ramat) using SSR molecular markers. The markers used in total were able to create 731 bands with sizes from 128 to 404 bp. The number of bands in different primers were range from 22 to 96 bands in the cultivars studied. The average number of effective alleles for 12 primers was 1.25 alleles with the highest number of effective alleles in five primers JH09, JH52, JH72, JH30 and JH47 with 2 alleles. The polymorphism of the bands in the cultivars were high (100%). The PIC in the cultivars under study were from 0.26 to 0.50, respectively, and related to the JH42 and JH31 primers. The dendrogram obtained from the cluster analysis of cultivars in a similarity coefficient of 0.61 placed the cultivars in the seven main clusters. The analysis of the main components showed that the first six components justify more than 60% of the total variation. Overall, six primers JH09, JH11, JH52, JH72, JH30 and JH47 can be introduced as useful and desirable for separation of genotypes and cultivars of Chrysanthemum.

  Plant pathogens, insects and weeds contribute to more than 30% of crop losses annually. Toxic chemical bactericides have been extensively used to control plant pathogenic bacteria. These chemicals pose a health threat to humans and the environment and eventually lead to resistance of pathogens. Hence, breeding cultivars resistance to bacterial pathogens is a valuable and sustainable solution. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are a part of the immune system of all living organisms, including plants, to combat pathogenic bacteria. Hairy roots (HRs) system is a valuable tool to produce and evaluate the activity of AMPs in planta. The aim of this study was to produce a Dermaseptin B1 (Drs-B1) recombinant AMP in transgenic tobacco HRs using Agrobacterium rhizogenes and test its antibacterial activities.
Material and The DNA encoding sequence of a Drs-B1 peptide of a frog was codon optimized based and synthesized in the pGSA1285 expression vector under the control of 35S CaMV promoter (×3). A gene cassette containing the Drs-B1 gene was introduced to tobacco roots by Agrobacterium rhizogenesis mediated transformation. The transgenic HRs were confirmed by molecular methods. Antimicrobial activity of the protein extracts from transgenic HRs showed that the recombinant protein was able to prevent Pectobacterium carotovorum, Erwinia amylovora and Xanthomonas citri plant pathogenic bacteria growth. The anti-bacterial effects of Drs-B1 peptide against plant pathogenic bacteria were in the order of X. citri> E. amylovora >P. carotovorum. The peptide present in transgenic DrsB1-expressing HRs clones inhibited devastating plant pathogenic bacteria growth, suggesting that DrsB1 retains its antibacterial activity in plant cells. The results of present study may open promising opportunities to produce transgenic plants expressing antimicrobial peptides resistance to plant pathogens

To establish a variety of cavitating flow regimes, the combined body with wedge nose and rectangular afterbody is usually used. In this research work, the nose angle and the afterbody dimensions of model were 60° and 22cmx10cmx1cm, respectively. Its fabricated material is nearly smooth steel with roughness of 0.01mm. Also, another model with 30° nose angle and the same dimensions of the afterbody is tested. Two mentioned bodies were installed at the test section of a high speed cavitation tunnel. If the speed and pressure of the flow in the tunnel are varied, first cavitation inception occurs, such as a white band at the interface. Then, a little decrease the cavitation number causes the sheet cavitation along the surfaces of the afterbody. However, they are not established simultaneously at the upper and lower planes of the afterbody. By increasing the length of the sheet cavitation, regular oscillation occurs. Observed cloud cavitation is due to the separation of sheet regime which occurs by the re-entrant jet. If cavitation number is decreased slowly, then the vapor sheet covers the upper and lower planes of the afterbody. At the same cavitation numbers, cloud cavitation regimes on the two mentioned planes are not equal. At an especial length of the sheet cavity, the rate of length increase will be intensified.

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is one of the most important ornamental plants which plays a significant role in the development of gardening industry in the world. The knowledge of genetic diversity is one of the prerequisite criteria for Chrysanthemum breeding with important economic goals. Molecular markers have a significant share in elucidation of inter and intra species genetic diversity. To this end, genetic diversity of a number of Iranian cultivars was molecularly investigated by sequencing a part of rDNA, using ITS4 and ITS5 primers. Genetic distance between Chrysanthemum cultivars ranged from 0.05 to 10.15, demonstrating the power of ITS region in revealing the genetic diversity among cultivars of morifolium, suggesting Iranian cultivars have been genetically improved from morifolium species. Genetic diversity assessment of Iranian Chrysanthemum cultivars demonstrated that presumably inter, intra species or even inter population hybridization may have been involved in creating enormous genetic diversity among Chrysanthemum cultivars.

Rate of infertility in overall is around 15-10%. Intra-Uterine Insemination (IUI) is one procedure for infertility treatment. Luteal phase support defect is a main factor in fail of pregnancy. Goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of luteal phase support with progesterone suppository in patients who undergoing IUI cycles. Materials & Methods: 100 infertile couples who were undergoing IUI treatment included in this study. Ovulation induction was done for all patients. When IUI was done, patients were distributed into two groups. The study group (n=50) received progesterone suppository and control group (n=50) doesn’t received any medicine. Then biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate and abortion rate compared between two study groups. There were no differences in basic characteristics between two groups. Biochemical and clinical pregnancy were parallel in the study and control groups. There were no statistically significant increases in abortion rate between the study groups (P=0.49). Luteal phase support by progesterone suppository does not improve the pregnancy rate of stimulated IUI cycles.

Intra-Uterine Insemination (IUI) is one of the methods for infertility treatments. The size of the follicles and endometrial thickness are two important factors in pregnancy rate of patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination cycles (COH-IUI). The aim of this study was to investigate the success rate of IUI and follicular size and other associated factors in infertile couples. Materials & Methods: The study group was the patients who were undergoing COH-IUI. BMI of all women recorded and ovulation induction was propelled and when there was appropriate endometrial thickness and at least one dominant follicle in trans-vaginal ultrasonography. 36 hours after HCG injection, IUI was performed. Then pregnancy rate between patients who had follicle size fewer than 20 mm and higher than 20 mm was assumed. 159 cases of IUI were performed and pregnancy happened in 22(14.1 %). In non-pregnant group (134 cases), 78 cases had under 20 mm follicles and 47 cases had higher than 20 mm follicles. In pregnant group (22 cases) 10 cases had fewer than 20 mm follicles and 12 cases had higher than 20 mm follicles in the time of HCG injection. Endometrial thickness was 8.01±1.42 mm in patients with follicles more than 20 mm. The success rate in controlled ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination cycles closely related to obtaining of optimal size of follicles and endometrial thickness.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial, metabolic disorder. Characteristics are chronic anovulation, polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on visfatin, adiponectin, and anthropometric indices in PCOS women. The study was a randomized double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. It was conducted on 84 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (26.92±5.05 years, BMI=31.69 Kg/m2) who referred to the fertility and infertility research center and Shahid Sadoughi hospital in Yazd. After the examination, evaluation and paramedical assessment by obstetrician, they were recruited. They took 3 capsules of omega-3 (each one contained 180 mg EPA and 120 mg DHA) or placebo (each contained 1 g paraffin) daily for 8 weeks. Statistical analysis was paired T-test and student T-test, and a p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. After the intervention, visfatin concentration did not change in neither groups. But, at the end of the study, the mean of adiponectin concentration increased (p<0.001) in omega-3 group. Moreover, the mean of changes in this factor was significantly different between groups (p<0.005). FSH did not change in two groups of the study. However, the mean of LH decreased about 1.74 mlU/ml in omega-3 group (p<0.005). The mean of change of LH/FSH ratio between groups was significant (p<0.05). After the intervention, prolactin did not meaningfully change in both groups. Our results showed that 8 weeks of supplementation of omega-3 may have some beneficial effects on PCOS biochemical characteristics such as LH, LH/FSH, and adiponectin.

Soybean (Glycine max) is an important crop plant which contains a high amount of oil and protein. To evaluate the genetic diversity of 45 soybean genotypes growing in Iran، two types of molecular markers (RAPD and ISJ) were used. Two sets of different primers were used to compare potential differentiation power of IT (Intron targeting) and ET (Exon targeting) primers. Data obtained from each molecular marker was analyzed separately and in combination. Ten RAPD primers amplified 103 scoreable bands from which 60% were polymorphic، whereas 15 ISJ primes resulted to 129 sharp bands from which 87% were polymorphic. Cluster analysis was carried out based on simple matching coefficient of similarity and UPGMA method. The cophenetic coefficient for RAPD and ISJ markers were 0. 95 and 0. 81، respectively. Cluster analysis revealed that ISJ molecular markers were better in genetic diversity studies than RAPD markers in soybean genotypes. Furthermore، significant variation was not found between two groups of IT and ET primers (P≤ 0. 01). Results of this study suggested that ISJ molecular markers especially ET primes are reliable tools to investigate genetic diversity among soybean genotypes.

Filler materials commonly used to improve interdiction, optical and compensational characteristics of a part of fibrous materials needed in manufacture of paper to reduce production costs. One of the most common materials used in this area is clay and Nano clay. In this study, to enhance the Nano clay potential of improving the features listed and However, to avoid compromising the mechanical properties of paper, This material reprocessed with homogenizer and Turned into stable colloidal Nano clay with nanometer Dimensions. According to the results, Nano clay reprocessed with homogenizer in comparison with raw Nano clay In the presence of preservative had more ash and durability, more Density and resistance to airflow. However, the value of Burst and tear resistance slightly reduced. Finally, high levels of homogenized Nano clay Persisting, Indicates that Effluent Contamination has been reduced and improved the system economically.

In the present paper, we use a gold electrode modified by 2-(3, 4-dihydroxy phenyl) benzothiazole self-assembled monolayer (DHT-SAM) for the determination of epinephrine (EP) and uric acid (UA). Initially, DHT-SAM was characterized by different techniques. CV was used to investigate the redox properties of the modified electrode at various scan rates. The apparent charge transfer rate constant, ks and transfer coefficient (α) were calculated. Next, electro oxidation of epinephrine (EP) and uric acid (UA) on a gold electrode modified by a self-assembled monolayer of DHT mediated was investigated. At the optimum pH of 7.0, the oxidation of EP occurs at a potential about 200 mV less positive than that of an unmodified gold electrode. The values of transfer coefficients (α = 0.35), catalytic rate constant (k = 4.4 × 104 M-1s-1) and diffusion coefficient (D = 1.03 × 10-6cm2s-1) were calculated for EP, using electrochemical approaches. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) exhibited a linear dynamic range over the concentration range of 0.5–400.0 µM and a detection limit (3s) of 0.11 µM for EP in pH= 7. Finally, simultaneous determination of EP and UA at the modified electrode was described and used for the determination of EP in EP ampoule.

Starch¡ a complex carbohydrate¡ is a polymer of glucose residues. It occurs in two main forms: amylose¡ consisting of predominantly linear chains of glucose units linked by α(1-4) glycosidic bonds¡ and amylopectin¡ in which the chains are highly branched by the addition of α(1-6) glycosidic bonds. Depending upon the plant species and the site of storage¡ the proportion between these two components varies. In most plant species¡ amylose comprises about 20% of the starch and the rest is amylopectin. Although in its native form it has some applications in food and non-food industries¡ the properties of currently available starches (native starch) do not comply with most industrial standard and enhanced commercial applications. To obtain starches with particular properties such as starches with lower retrogradation and more freeze-thaw stability¡ starch is often chemically modified. Manipulation of the starch structure with chemical reactions or additives will eventually impart certain properties which are desired for industrial uses. Techniques including cross-linking (to strengthen against shear) or acetylation (to reduce the retrogradation) are the most common starch modifications. The use of chemicals¡ however¡ may not only cause concern over health and safety¡ but there is also a cost involved with the chemical modification. Knocking out/ over expression of genes involved in starch biosynthesis¡ has resulted to alteration of starch physic-chemical properties. Production of biopolymers consisting of glucose residues linked by α(1-3) and α(1-6) or an alternatives [(α(1-3¡6)¡ α(1-4¡6)] of these linkages¡ are among hot topics in polysaccharides research fields.

Extraction of intact quality DNA from plant tissues, especially those rich insecondary metabolites, is often challenging. Literally, hundreds of different DNAisolation protocols from various plant species have been published over the last decades.Although many commercial DNA isolation kits are convenient and designed to be safe,their cost and availability cause limitations in small molecular labs in many developingcountries. In nearly all protocols and DNA isolation kits, phenol and chloroform areused to precipitate various classes of impurities. However, phenol is partially soluble inwater, resulting in the co-existence of proteins in upper (aqueous) phases. Thisphenomenon results in the contamination of the nucleic acids and low quality DNA.Nanotechnology advances have helped many areas of molecular biology such as thedevelopment of new diagnosis and purification kits. In this study, for the first time, wereport a different approach to isolate DNA from plants based on carbon nanotubes(CNTs). The results show that the phenol reagent stack on CNTs can effectively removeproteins, polysaccharides and other polyphenol constituents. The A260/A280nmabsorbance ratios of isolated DNA samples were 1.9 and 1.8 for chamomile and opiumplants, respectively, indicating the high purity of the isolated DNA. DNA yield wasmore than two times the standard Doyle and Doyle method. Furthermore, the isolatedDNA proved amenable to PCR amplification, using Random Amplified PolymorphicDNA (RAPD) analysis.

Aim and Thymus is one of the largest and the most famous genus of Lamiacae. Thymus species are commonly used as herbal tea, condiment, spice and medicinal plants. T.Pubescens most can be grown in north and west of Iran. Characterization of plants using molecular markers is an ideal approach for improvement and conservation of plant genetic resources. A total number of 12 accessions, collected from different localities of Iran, were screened with 30 random primers to evaluate polymorphism. DNA extraction carried out using Khanoja method with modification. Genetic similarity was estimated using the Jaccard coefficient and dendrogram was constructed using the UPGMA method. Selected 27 primers generated 360 bands, 273 of which were polymorphic. Each primer produced an average 13.33 bands per primer, of which 10.11 were polymorphic. The average of polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.35. Cluster analysis of data using UPGMA algorithm placed the 12 accessions into three main clusters and the principal component analysis placed the 12 accessions into three groups. Results indicated that RAPD method is sufficiently informative and powerful to estimate the genetic diversity in T.Pubescens populations. In addition, RAPD profile showed well discrimination of thymus accessions according to their geographical dispersion.

In the present paper, the transverse vibrations of the Euler–Bernoulli beam along with the strong dry friction at the boundary conditions have been investigated. With special attention to the force of frictionon theboundary conditions which plays a role as one non-linear factor and brings out nonlinear response, natural frequencies also change despite the linear systems and these natural frequencies become a function of the force of friction and the force of friction in substrates is also a function of other parameters. The calculation of the beam frequencies as well as proper modeling of boundary conditions have been interesting for researchers and scientists. In the present study, the force of friction at substrates is investigated through the friction force modeling by using the nonlinear elastic-plastic Valanis model and also by the Classical Model of Coulomb friction. The assumed modes method for solving is used and the resulting equations by using the Fourth Runge-Kutta numerical method are solved. These two models are compared and the results of modal testing are used for the validation. Finally, according to Valanis parameters, it is shown that this model has a positive relation with the findings. The hardening effect of the frequency response-curves is also observed.

Wire electrical discharge machining (wire-EDM) is able to generate delicate and complex shapes on hard materials which are difficult to cut. Inaccuracy in the cutting of small radius curved corners is one of the major problems in this process. In the present paper, corner radii machining errors have been investigated. Experiments are designed using the Full Factorial Method for roughing operations by considering frequency of discharges, wire tension and radius of curvature as variables, and the residual material on straight and curved paths as the output parameters. Practical works are implemented on tool steel 1.2510. By employing statistical techniques for analysis and by calculating variable side gap on curved corners, the machining error is obtained for 150, 300 and 450 µm radius curvatures. Results show that the thickness of residual material left on the workpiece on straight and curved paths can be the same if the cutting path on curvature is corrected according to the findings of this paper.

In the present paper، the transverse vibrations of Euler – Bernoulli beam along with the poor dry friction at the boundary conditions has been investigated. With special attention to the force of friction on the boundary conditions which plays a role as one non-linear factor and brings out nonlinear response، Natural frequencies also change despite the linear systems and these natural frequencies become a function of the force of friction and the force of friction in substrates also is a function of other parameters. The Calculation of the beam frequencies and the proper modeling of boundary conditions have been interesting for the researchers and scientists. Under present study، the force of friction at substrates is investigated through the friction force modeling by using nonlinear elastic - plastic Valanis model and also by the Classical Model of Coulomb friction. The assumed modes method for solving was used and the resulting equations by using Fourth Runge-Kutta numerical method have been solved. These two models have been compared and the results of modal testing were used for the validation. Finally، according to Valanis parameters، it was shown that this model has a positive relation with findings. Due to the weak of force of friction on the substrate، the softening effect of the frequency response-curves was observed.

In order to choose an efficient breeding procedure, it is necessary to have knowledge of the genetic system controlling agronomically important traits. Common bean is one of the major legumes containing large amount of proteins and other valuable nutrients. The aim of this study was to determine genetic parameters for yield and yield components, using six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2) derived from DERAKHSHAN × AND1007 and GOLI × D81083 crosses of common bean. A field experiment for these six generations was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The measurements included seed yield, pod weight, pod number per plant, seed number per pod, seed number per plant, and 100 seed weight. Generation mean analysis with three-parameter genetic model showed inadequacy of additive-dominance simple model to illustrate the genetic mechanism of the evaluated traits. Significant differences for two or more individual scaling tests (A, B, C, and D) in both crosses were recorded. Hayman six parameters genetic model suggested that both dominance and epistasis effects were important for most of the evaluated traits. Furthermore, expression of some traits in both crosses was affected by additive gene effects. Broad sense heritability was high for all traits except 100 SW in DER × A1007 cross. Estimation of narrow sense heritability range was moderate for most traits. For SY and traits where portion of non-additive gene effect was higher, it is possible to exploit heterosis using the plant materials in this study.

Approximately one percent of current live births of the world are conceived via assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

The purpose of this study was to compare the developmental status of children born through assisted and natural conceptions at the age of five years.

In a retrospective cohort study, developmental status of 5 years old children was evaluated via Persian version of 60-month Ages and Stages Questionnaires. Case group consisted of 61 singletons, term babies whom were born through ART in the Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd, Iran in 2005. Control group consisted of 61 term, first child, singleton and spontaneously conceived born five years old children whom were referred to Shahid Akbari primary health care center in 2010.

58 girls (47.5%) and 64 boys (52.5%) were evaluated. Frequency of developmental delay in domains of fine motor (47.5% vs. 24.6%, p=0.008) and problem solving (60.6% vs. 34.4%, p=0.004) were more in ART born children. On logistic regression, fine motor development state was independently affected by maternal educational level (OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.67-16.30, p=0.004) and developmental status in problem solving domains was independently affected by maternal educational level (OR: 4.88, 95% CI: 1.25-19.07, p=0.02) and birth weight (OR: 7.1, 95% CI: 1.78-29.01, p=0.006)

Maternal educational level and birth weight are important factors that influenced developmental outcome of ART born children.

This study evaluated the influence of interleukin-10 (IL10) gene -1082G>A and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) gene -308G>A polymorphisms in the donor and recipients on the acute rejection (AR) episodes and delayed graft function (DGF) in kidney transplant recipients. The IL10 -1082G>A and TNF -308G>A polymorphisms were determined in 100 kidney allograft recipients and their donors using the polymerase chain reaction-amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Transplantation outcomes were determined in terms of AR and DGF criteria. The A allele of the TNF polymorphism (high producer) in the donors was associated with DGF in the recipients (odd ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 8.1). There was also a significant association between the combination of donor's IL10-TNF genotypes and DGF (odd ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 17.1); the frequency of a combination of IL10 AA or GA and TNF AA or GA was higher in the recipients with DGF. No association was found between the donors and recipient's IL10 -1082G>A and TNF -308G>A polymorphisms and AR. No association was detected between recipients and donor's IL10 polymorphisms or recipient's TNF polymorphisms and DGF. This study showed that donors with high TNF production may have increased risk of DGF in their recipients. Routine screening of these gene polymorphisms may have a clinical role in identifying patients at risk of DGF.

In this paper, firstly FEM model of the wing like plate is created by MSC NASTRAN software. This clamped plate is considered as swept and tapered. Moreover, the material is chosen as steel. Natural frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes are investigated via modal analysis by MSC NASTRAN. The results are compared with experimental modal analysis on a similar real model. Afterwards the aerodynamic FE model is created in MSC PATRAN, and then spliced to the structural model. The aeroelastic model is analysed by MSC NASTRAN in order to extract the flutter speed and corresponding frequency. Finally the real model installed in the wind tunnel and tested as a flutter experiment. The experimental result showed that the FEM flutter analysis results in MSC NASTRAN are close to experimental results.

This study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the relationship between motivational structure, mental health and attitude to opiate substances in a sample of North-Khorasan's university students. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 400 participants (200 males and 200 females) were selected by stratified random sampling of three universities of north khorasan. All participants completed the SCL-90-R, Personal Concerns Inventory and Attitude to Opiate Substances questionnaire. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between participants with maladaptive motivational structure and adaptive motivational structure on GSI and subscales of SCL-90-R. In addition, the comparison of two groups showed that participants with maladaptive motivational structure had significant more positive attitude to opiate Substances than participants with adaptive motivational structure. There is a significant relationship between motivational structure, mental health and attitude to opiate substances.