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فهرست مطالب نویسنده:

foroozan atashzadeh shoorideh

  • Amir Sadeghi, Abbas Masjedi Arani, Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Marzieh Pazokian, Arezoo Qadimi, Hosna Karami Khaman, Raziyeh Ghafouri *
    Introduction
    Medical mistakes cause injury to patients and raise the expenses of treatment and hospital stays. The current study aimed to identify medical errors in the field of gastroenterology and propose a prevention strategy.
    Materials and Methods
    The study was carried out through a mixed method (quantitative, qualitative) in a sequential manner. In the first stage (quantitative), common errors in the department were identified. In the second stage (qualitative stage), data gathering was done by interviewing nurses and doctors. The collected data was analyzed using content analysis method and error prevention strategies were identified.
    Results
    The mean (standard deviation) score of patients in the departments were 66.28 (98.7), and the mean number of nurses was 4.83 (26.3). It was found that the most medical errors were not serious, and the most errors in drug registration were drug card registration (42.9%), drug preparation (38.1%), and drug prescription (33.3%). Medical errors resulting in severe complications due to incorrect patient identification accounted for 2% of the total errors. The suggested prevention strategies included: adjusting department supervision processes, ensuring proper training, enhancing patient education, and developing a culture of error reporting.
    Conclusion
    The study's findings revealed a high frequency of errors that were largely benign and identified before they occurred. Nevertheless, given their potential to inflict harm, it is essential to implement effective error detection and reporting system.
    Keywords: Medical error, Medication error, Patient safety, Gastroenterology
  • Sahar Mirzaei, Marzieh Pazokian *, Foroozan Atashzadeh- Shoorideh, Seyed Amir Hosein Pishgooie
    Background

    Operating room nurses are exposed to disruptive behaviors in different situations in operating room that affect them and their performance.

    Aim

    The present study was performed with aim to explore the experiences of Iranian operating room nurses regarding disruptive behaviors in operating room settings.

    Method

    This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in different university hospitals of Tehran. The data were collected by deep semi-structured interviews with 17 operating room nurses who were purposefully selected. Finally, the data were analyzed by the conventional content analysis approach.

    Results

    In this study, four categories were extracted, including "activity in a poisonous atmosphere", "role negligence", "escape to a safety margin for adaptation", and "Indirect confrontation". The theme was "struggle in a limbo atmosphere caused by disruptive behaviors".

    Implications for Practice:

     Considering to the effect of disruptive behavior, it seems necessary to take training measures for improving "team-working" in operation room settings. Nursing managers can use the results of this research to determine patient care policies in the operating room in order to promote patient safety and improve the quality of care. It also seems necessary to design and implement a training program to evaluate its effect on changing disruptive behaviors.

    Keywords: Content Analysis, Operating Rooms, Operating room nurses, Problem behavior
  • Arezoo Shahsavari, Fatemeh Estebsari*, Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Mahnaz Ilkhani
    Background

    Health literacy (HL) is one of the factors influencing the use of health-related information by patients with diabetes. As a social support resource, peers can help improve diabetes knowledge in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of peer support on HL in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with low support resources.

    Methods

    This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 80 patients with T2D referring to a diabetes clinic in Aligoudarz. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected by the random sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of intervention and control each containing 40 cases. The data were collected using the Test of Functional Health literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) at the beginning of the study and after 3 months of educational peer support intervention. Eventually, data were analyzed by the statistical tests of chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, t test, and paired t test.

    Results

    The results showed that there was no significant difference in the mean (±SD) HL between the two groups before the intervention (53.12±13.86 vs. 56.62±10.34, P=0.204). However, the mean HL in the intervention group represented a significant improvement after 3 months of peer intervention compared to the control group (70.27±9.78 vs. 56.87±10.07, P<0.001).

    Conclusion

    Overall, peer support was found to be effective in improving the HL of diabetic patients with limited access to support resources. Therefore, it is recommended to use the capacity of peers as a social support resource in diabetes care programs.

    Keywords: Peer group, Peer support, Social support, Health literacy, Type 2 diabetes
  • Marjan Hajfiroozabadi, Jamileh Mohtashami *, Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh
    Background

    Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with a high risk of suicide. Limited information is available on the individual factors underlying suicidal behaviors, especially suicide attempts (SAs), in Iranian patients with BPD.

    Objectives

    This study aimed to analyze the individual factors underlying suicidal behaviors in patients with BPD.

    Methods

    This was a qualitative descriptive study that was conducted from May 2020 to February 2021 in Tehran and Karaj, Iran, on 23 participants, including 14 patients with BPD and seven mental health professionals, as well as two members of their families. The research environment included psychiatric inpatient wards, psychiatric emergencies, and psychiatric clinics. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using conventional content analysis.

    Results

    Data analysis revealed five main themes and 15 sub-themes related to the individual factors underlying the identification and prediction of the risk for suicidal behaviors and SAs. The extracted themes included “psychological pain and loneliness”, “defects in the distinction and integration of emotions”, “unconventional behavior and emotion”, “pervasive incompatibility”, and “breakdown of the self-integrity”.

    Conclusions

    The BPD is a complex and challenging disorder in which patients with BPD usually tend to engage in suicidal behaviors, and with the emergence of individual factors underlying the occurrence of such behaviors, appropriate preventive measures and interventions can be taken to reduce suicide-related behaviors such as suicidal thoughts and planning, as well as SAs.

    Keywords: Suicide, Self-Injurious Behavior, Suicidal Behavior, Qualitative Research, Individual Factors, Borderline Personality Disorder
  • Fatemeh Bahramnezhad, Neda Sanaie, Alun C Jackson, Esmail Shariati, Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh
    BACKGROUND

    Adherence to the treatment plans is one of the most effective conducts to prevent and reduce postoperative side effects. Partnership‑based education is one of the most efficient ways to shape health behaviors. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of partnership‑based education on adherence to the treatment plans in open heart surgery.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    This quasi‑experimental study was conducted in 2019–2020 on the patients undergoing open heart surgery in Tehran (Capital of Iran). Sampling was done in one educational hospital. A total of 86 patients and their caregivers participated in the study. Sampling was done nonrandomly by tossing a coin, and patients were allocated into the odd week in the intervention group and the even week in the control group (n = 43 in each group), and data were collected before and after intervention using the Treatment Adherence Questionnaire concerning dietary, physical activity, and medication aspects. The educational intervention was carried out after the pretest analysis in five 20–45 min sessions (two individual and three group educations). Data were analyzed with Chi‑square, independent t‑test, and paired t‑test using SPSS 19 at a significance level of P < 0.05.

    RESULTS

    Patients and caregivers in both groups did not have a significant difference in terms of demographic variables (P > 0. 05). In addition, there was no significant difference in the mean of dietary, physical activity, and medication plans before the intervention in both groups; however, after the intervention, the mean of the three aspects in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of control (P < 0.001).

    CONCLUSION

    Implementing partnership‑based education with participation of patients and caregivers is influential in improving patients’ adherence to the treatment plans and it is recommended as a clinical dynamic educational strategy.

    Keywords: Adherence, cardiac surgery, caring, educational intervention, nursing, treatment plans
  • Arezoo Shahsavari, Fatemeh Estebsari, Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh, Mahnaz Ilkhani
    BACKGROUND

    Quality of life (QOL) is one of the effective factors in promoting the health of diabetic patients. In recent years, the role of peer support in the optimal management of diabetes has gained increasing attention. However, contradictory results have been reported from the effectiveness of this method. This study aimed to investigate the effect of peer support on the QOL among type 2 diabetic patients in deprived areas.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted on 80 patients with T2D referring to the diabetes Clinic in Aligoudarz in Iran. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups of 40 patients. Intervention group received a peer Supportive‑educational program for 3 months and the control group received routine clinic care. Diabetes QOL brief clinical inventory was used to collect the data. This questionnaire was completed three times at the beginning of the study, immediately after the 3‑day training, and after 3 months of peer supportive intervention. The SPSS software (v. 18.0) was used to analyze the data through the Generalized Estimating Equations.

    RESULTS

    There was no significant difference in mean QOL between the two groups before the intervention (P = 0.891) and immediately after the education (P = 0.076). However, after 3 months of intervention, the intervention group showed a significant improvement in mean QOL compared to those in the control group (P < 0.001).

    CONCLUSION

    Peer support program can improve the QOL in type 2 diabetic patients in deprived areas. Therefore, this method can be recommended to improve care and educational programs in these patients.

    Keywords: Nursing care, peer group, peer support, quality of life, type 2 diabetes
  • Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh, Soolmaz Moosavi *, Abbas Balouchi

    One important part of a nurse’s job is to create and help maintain a safe work environment. Evidence shows that negative behaviors such as incivility are not uncommon in the nursing profession. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the prevalence of incivility toward nurses. For this purpose, all observational studies that primarily investigated the rate of incivility toward nurses were selected. The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, Magiran, IranDoc, and Scopus were searched for studies published during the period of January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2019. The quality of studies was assessed using Hoy’s Critical Assessment Checklist. The study was undertaken using the random effects model, and data were analyzed using STATA14. Data on 60 articles, including data on 30801 individuals, published between 1997 and 2019, entered the study. The findings showed the prevalence of incivility to be 55.10% (95%, CI: 48.05, 62.06). Due to the high prevalence of uncivil behavior, especially of the verbal type, nursing managers should identify risk factors in the workplace. Planners should develop programs to increase workplace safety, especially in centers that are most exposed to these behaviors. It is also recommended that future studies focus on implementation of effective evidence-based interventions based on organizational culture.

    Keywords: Incivility, Uncivil behavior, Nurses, Workplace violence
  • Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Jamileh Mohtashami, Mohammadali Farhadzadeh, Neda Sanaie, Ensieh Fathollah Zadeh, Raziyeh Beykmirza, Morteza Abdoljabari *
    Background & Aim

    Effective communication with the patients and engaging patients in decision-making and care planning are necessary to improve health outcomes and satisfaction with the treatment. Communicating effectively can help prevent and manage complications following the treatment of cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to describe and explain cancer patients’ communication facilitators' experiences between patients and nurses.

    Methods & Materials

    This is a qualitative conventional content analysis study. The study was conducted on 22 cancer patients who were selected based on a purposeful sampling approach. Semi-structured interviews were performed to collect the data. The data were then analyzed using conventional content analysis. Also, the Lincoln and Guba criteria were used to measure the trustworthiness of the data.

    Results

    The researchers have identified the main theme as “humanitarian care”. Besides, five categories of “good-naturedness”, “empathy”, “patience”, “confidentiality”, and “honesty” were also extracted from 18 subcategories.

    Conclusion

    Effective nurse-patient communication facilitates patients’ healing, enhances clinical outcomes and improves patients’ response to treatment. Hence, these ethical features need to be reinforced among nurses.

    Keywords: cancer patient, humanitarian care, morality, facilitator, communication, nurses
  • Houman Manouchehri, Elham Imani *, Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh, Hamid Alavi Majd
    Background

    A large number of nursing students work while studying to gain clinical experience, but there is not a standard tool to evaluate the clinical competence areas affected by working while studying.

    Objectives

    The current study aimed at explaining the role of clinical work while studying in the clinical competence of novice nurses and the development of a valid and reliable instrument to measure it.

    Methods

    The current study employed an exploratory sequential mixed method design in two steps. First, qualitative research was conducted using conventional content analysis on 45 participants. The semi-structured, in-depth interviews (nurses, head nurses, and nurse managers) were performed, and data were analyzed using the eight steps of Elo and Kyngas. Second, based on the categories extracted from the first phase of the study and review of literature, 215 items were designed and analyzed in a methodological process.

    Results

    The results of the first phase consisted of three themes, including task rearing role, personality rearing role, and knowledge rearing role. Exploratory factor analysis leads to the formation of three factors: professional abilities with 18 items, individual abilities with seven items, and scientific and educational abilities with six items. Calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient confirmed high internal consistency in the scale (0.94).

    Conclusions

    This tool could be used in teaching hospitals to evaluate the situation of working while studying in hospitals at different levels. With this tool, nursing managers can optimize educational environments and plan the workshops and training courses for nurses working in the departments in order to strengthen the qualifications of nursing students while working and graduating.

    Keywords: Reliability Validity, Psychometric, Clinical Competence, Nursing Education, Clinical Activity, Instrumentation, Nurses
  • Maryam Sattarzadeh Pashabeig, Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh *, Mohammad Mehdi Sadoughi, Alice Khachian, Mansoureh Zagheri Tafreshi
    Background
    Shared governance is a decentralized structural model that gives individuals the right to make decisions and a position analogous to managers. The shared governance is different based on context in every organization. This study identified the characteristics of shared governance in Iranian nursing schools.
    Materials And Methods
    In this qualitative research, 11 participants were selected using purposive sampling method. Deep semi‑structured interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used to verify the accuracy and trustworthiness of the data.
    Results
    Through data analysis, the theme of “several souls in one body” was achieved in addition to the seven categories of “climates based on common interests,” “conscious participatory decision‑making,” “mutual accountability,” “multiplicity of ideas,” “decentralized structure,” “interrelationship,” and “sublime organization.”
    Conclusions
    According to the findings, the characteristics of shared governance in the social culture of Iran are like several souls in one body, emphasizing all aspects of participation and morality in the organization. Managers and administrators in higher education and nursing faculties need to pay attention to all aspects of shared governance, including spirituality in managing the covered institutions.
    Keywords: Education, Iran, management, nursing, qualitative research
  • parivash jahandar, Mansoureh Zagheri tafreshi*, Maryam Rassouli, Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh
    Introduction
    The aim of this study was to explain how the spiritual leadership modelcould be used as a paradigm for nursing leadership. Nursing leaders play a critical rolein the management of the health care system. Spiritual leadership is a new area that hasrecently been considered in nursing management.
    Methods
    In this review article, electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, GoogleScholar and Science Direct) were searched from September 2014 to July 2016 to findrelevant articles using keywords, such as spirituality, leadership, management, nursesand motivation. In this regard, the articles that fulfilled the goals of the study that werewritten in English or Persian, had their full texts accessible, and were published in theintended time interval were entered in the study. The articles without authors’ namesand dates and non-scientific papers were excluded from the study. On the whole, a totalof 120 articles were obtained, of which 48 were selected and analyzed.
    Results
    A review of the literature focusing on spiritual leadership demonstrated thatthe spiritual leadership model has been examined in different countries, various fieldsof the industry, trade training, and the health system with positive individual andorganizational consequences. It seems that the characteristics of this style of leadershipfits the nursing profession as well. Of course, more large-scale future studies for testingthis model of leadership in the field of nursing will bring about more promising results.
    Conclusions
    Spiritual leadership could improve the organizational productivity andemployees’ satisfaction. Nursing leaders should have paid greater attention to this typeof leadership to achieve positive organizational outcomes; therefore, they need moretraining in this issue..
    Keywords: Spirituality, Leadership, Managemen, Nurses Motivation
  • هومان منوچهری، الهام ایمانی، فروزان آتش زاده شوریده، حمید علوی مجد
    مقدمه
    انجام کار دانشجویی توسط دانشجویان پرستاری می تواند آثار مثبت و منفی در بازدهی دروس و وضعیت تحصیلی دانشجویان و پیش برد اقدامات پرستاری در بخش ها داشته باشد. هدف از این مطالعه تبیین تجربیات و دیدگاه های پرستاران شب کار در زمینه کاردانشجویی است.
    روش کار
    این پژوهش یک تحلیل محتوای کیفی است که پرستاران شب کار شاغل در بیمارستان های آموزشی درمانی وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی هرمزگان در آن شرکت کردند. نمونه گیری به صورت هدفمند و با انجام مصاحبه های نیمه ساختاریافته صورت گرفت. هم زمان با جمع آوری داده ها جهت تجزیه و تحلیل آنها از روش مقایسه مداوم داده ها و طرح طبقه بندی تحلیل محتوای کیفی Elo و Kynga s استفاده شد.
    یافته ها
    در این مطالعه، 34 پرستار شرکت کردند که 58/70 درصد آنها زن بودند. پس از کدبندی کلیه مصاحبه ها، 1125 کد اولیه ایجاد شد که پس از چندین بار بازبینی در مراحل مختلف، تعداد کدها به 650 کد تقلیل یافت. این کدها در نهایت در 28 زیر طبقه،10 طبقه فرعی، 4 طبقه اصلی با عناوین منافع فردی، منافع سازمانی، پیامدهای منفی فردی و پیامدهای منفی سازمانی و 2 مضمون با عناوین مزایای کاردانشجویی و معایب کاردانشجویی قرار داده شدند.
    نتیجه گیری
    نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد، با وجود این که حضور دانشجویان در بخش ها، می تواند به جبران کمبود نیرو کمک کند، اما با مشکلاتی و معایبی نیز همراه است. با آگاهی از اثرات بالقوه کار دانشجویی بر رشد فردی و حرفه ای دانشجویان پرستاری، لازم است برنامه های سازمان یافته تری جهت ایجاد رویکردی هماهنگ بین دانشکده ها و بیمارستان ها در نظرگرفته شود.
    کلید واژگان: تجربه, پرستار, دانشجوی پرستاری, مطالعه کیفی, کاردانشجویی
    Houman Manoochehri, Elham Imani, Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Hamid Alavi-Majd
    Introduction
    Carrying out clinical works with nursing students while studying can have positive and negative effects on student's academic achievement and progress in nursing practices in hospital wards. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explain the experiences and viewpoints of night work nurses about student' work.
    Methods
    This research is a qualitative content analysis that night work nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences participated in it. Sampling was done purposefully with semi-structured interviews. At the same time with data collection, constant comparison approach and classifying design of Elo and Kynga¨s were used to analyze them.
    Results
    34 night work nurses participated in this study, of which 70.58% were women. After encoding all the interviews, 1125 initial codes were created which, after several revisions at different stages, reduced the number of codes to 650. These codes were ultimately placed in 28 sub-classes, 10 secondary classes, 4 classes named individual benefits, organizational benefits, negative individual consequences and negative organizational consequences and 2 themes named the benefits of student' work and disadvantages of student' work.
    Conclusion
    This study showed that although the presence of students in the wards can help to compensate the lack of staff, it also has some problems and disadvantages. After knowing the potential effects of student's work on the individual and professional development of nursing students, it is needed more organized programs to create a coherent approach between colleges and hospitals.
    Keywords: experience, nurse, nursing student, qualitative study, student's work
  • امیرحسین پیشگویی، حلیمه زارع شورکی *، آرمین زارعیان، فروزان آتش زاده شوریده، محمد فرقانی
    زمینه و هدف
    شناخت عوامل موثر بر کیفیت زندگی مبتلایان به بیماری عروق کرونر می تواند در طراحی برنامه مراقبتی آنان نقش کلیدی ایفا نماید. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین کیفیت زندگی و عوامل موثر بر آن در افراد نظامی مبتلا به بیماری عروق کرونر است.
    روش ها
    این یک مطالعه مقطعی است که بر روی بیماران مبتلا به بیماری کرونری مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان های نظامی شهر تهران با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری در دسترس از بهمن 1394 تا اردیبهشت 1395 انجام شد. اطلاعات دموگرافیک ثبت شد و از پرسشنامه ناتینگهام جهت سنجش کیفیت زندگی افراد در 6 حیطه سطح انرژی، درد، عکس العمل عاطفی، خواب، انزوای اجتماعی، خواب و فعالیت فیزیکی استفاده شد. سطح معنی داری (05/0>p) در نظر گرفته شد.
    یافته ها
    میانگین سنی 250 بیمار مبتلا به بیماری کرونری مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان های نظامی 68/6 ± 27/57 سال، بیشتر بیماران مرد (2/71 %)، متاهل (6/89 %) و بازنشسته (8/60 %) بودند. بین میانگین نمرات حیطه های کیفیت زندگی در مشارکت کنندگان بر حسب جنس، شغل، درآمد، سطح تحصیلات و فعالیت های روزانه تفاوت معنی داری وجود داشت (05/0>p) و نمره کیفیت زندگی مردان بازنشسته، دیپلم به بالا در تمامی حیطه ها بهتر بود. افرادی که ورزش می کردند، نمره کیفیت زندگی بهتری را در تمامی حیطه ها به جز حیطه خواب داشتند (05/0>p). همچنین افرادی که طول مدت بیماری کمتری داشتند، میزان درد کمتر و فعالیت فیزیکی بیشتری داشتند.
    نتیجه گیری
    یافته های مطالعه نشان داد که عوامل جمعیت شناختی، باعث تفاوت در کیفیت زندگی افراد نظامی و وابستگان آنها که مبتلا به بیماری های عروق کرونر هستند، می شوند. با توجه بیشتر به برخی مشخصات جمعیت شناختی مثل ورزش، پیاد روی و شغل، برنامه ریزی زودهنگام و انجام قدامات لازم می توان جهت ارتقاء کیفیت زندگی این افراد برنامه ریزی نمود.
    کلید واژگان: بیماری عروق کرونر, کیفیت زندگی, پرسنل نظامی
    Amir Hosein Pishgooie, Halime Zare Shorakie *, Armin Zareiyan, Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh, Mohammad Forghani
    Background And Aim
    Knowing the factors affecting the life quality of subjects with coronary artery disease can help design their care program. The aim of this study was to determine quality of life and its effective factors in military patients and their relatives with coronary artery disease.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was performed in military patients and relatives with coronary artery disease referred to selected military hospitals in Tehran, Iran, using convenience sampling from February to August 2016. Demographic data were recorded. The Nottingham questionnaire was used to assess quality of life in six areas: energy level, pain, emotional reaction, sleep, social isolation, sleep and physical activity.
    Results
    The mean age of 250 coronary patients referred to selected military hospitals was 57.27±6.68 years, most of them were male (71.2%), married (89.6%) and retired (60.8%). There was a significant difference between the mean scores of quality of life in the participants with to sex, job, income, education level and daily activities (p
    Conclusion
    The findings of this study showed that demographic factors have effects on the quality of life of military patients and relatives with coronary artery disease. Life quality of these people can be improved with more attention to some lifestyle factors such as exercise, walking, occupation, early planning and conducting of necessary interventions.
    Keywords: Coronary artery disease, Quality of life, Military personnel
  • مهدی فانی، مرتضی عبدالجباری، فروزان آتش زاده شوریده، مرضیه کرمخانی
    سابقه و هدف
    بحث سلامت در انسان به قرآن کریم بازمی گردد که نگاهی فراتر از سلامت جسمی به انسان دارد و سلامت معنوی را بخش مهمی از سلامت در انسان قلمداد می کند. هدف از این مقاله نشان دادن معیار انسان سالم از نگاه متون دینی است؛ ازاین رو تلاش شد معیار انسان سالم از منظر دین اسلام شناسایی و معرفی شود. در این راستا از نظر اندیشمندان دینی نیز بهره برده شد.
    روش کار
    این پژوهش توصیفی، ازنوع تحلیل محتوا و با استناد به آیات قرآن و تفسیرهایی است که مفسران با توجه به آیات مطرح شده درباره ی سلامت انسان بیان کردند. در کنار آن با بررسی روایاتی که از اهل بیت (علیهم السلام) در راستای تفسیر آیات قرآن رسیده، تلاش شده است معیار و ملاک سلامت انسان به ویژه در بخش معنوی معرفی شود و برای تایید آن از سخنان صاحب نظران معاصر نیز بهره جسته شده است. در این پژوهش همه ی موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است. علاوه براین، نویسندگان مقاله هیچ گونه تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده اند.
    یافته ها
    با توجه به نتایج پژوهش می توان گفت انسانی سالم است که هر دو جنبه ی سلامت (مادی و معنوی) را دارا باشد، ولی باید توجه داشت وجود یکی از این دو ملازم وجود دیگری نیست، بدین معنا که ممکن است انسانی از نظر جسمی سالم باشد ولی از نظر معنوی سالم نباشد و نیز ممکن است از نظر معنوی انسان سالمی باشد ولی به دلایلی جسم او سالم نباشد. آنچه در سعادت انسان ارزش بیشتری دارد، سلامت معنوی او است.
    نتیجه گیری
    همان گونه که صاحب نظران ابراز داشته اند، انسانیت به جنبه ی روحی انسان مربوط می شود نه به جنبه ی جسمی و مادی او؛ ازاین رو، سلامت روح انسان مهم تر از سلامت جسم او؛ و بیماری روح و دل انسان مهم تر از بیماری جسم او است. بنابراین، وقتی از انسان سالم سخن به میان می آید دو بعد از جنبه های سلامت به ذهن می رسد، یکی انسان سالم از نظر مادی و دیگری انسان سالم از نظر معنوی که در حوزه ی علم دین به آن توجه می شود.
    کلید واژگان: انسان سالم, تعامل سالم, متون دینی, ملاک
    Mahdi Fani, Morteza Abdoljabbari, Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Marzieh Karamkhani
    Background And Objective
    The Holy Quran contains a lot of subjects on human health. In addition to physical health, the Quran considers mental health as another important dimension to human health. The current study aimed at identifying the criteria for recognizing a healthy human from the perspective of religious texts. In this regard, attempts were made to detect the criteria for identifying a healthy human from an Islamic viewpoint. To this end, ideas proposed by a number of religious figures, including Imam Khomeini, the Supreme Leader, and martyr Motahhari, were investigated.
    Method
    In this descriptive study, content analysis was used to examine verses of Quran and religious experts’ interpretations of these verses about human health. Additionally, the narratives related to the Quran-based interpretations of Prophet Mohammed’s Ahl al-Bayt, especially about the spiritual dimension of human health, were investigated. Furthermore, contemporary domain experts’ opinions were sought to confirm the extracted criteria. All ethical issues were observed in this study and the authors declared no conflict of interests.
    Results
    Based on the obtained results, a human can be regarded as healthy in two dimensions: materialistic and spiritual. It should be noted that these two are not interdependent. In other words, a human may be physically healthy, but spiritually unhealthy. On the contrary, a person may be spiritually healthy, but physically unhealthy. Spiritual health plays a more significant role in human happiness.
    Conclusion
    As argued by domain experts, humanity has to do with people’s spiritual aspect rather than their physical and materialistic one. Spiritual health is more important than physical health. Spiritual diseases are more significant than physical ones. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) says, ‘the piety of heart is superior to physical health.’ Therefore, a human is regarded as healthy in two dimensions. The subject of materialistic health falls within the domain of medicine, while the topic of spiritual health is categorized within the realm of religion.
    Keywords: Criterion, Healthy human, Healthy relationship, Religious texts
  • Mansoureh Zagheri Tafreshi *, Parivash Jahandar, Maryam Rassouli, Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Amir Kavousi
    Background
    Spiritual leadership has recently become the focus of attention for policy makers and top managers in Iran, especially in the health system. Due to the lack of culturally and academically accepted scales in Iran for measuring spiritual leadership, localization of a foreign scale in this field is necessary.
    Objectives
    This study aimed at investigating the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Fry’s spiritual leadership questionnaire (SLQ) among Iranian nurses.
    Methods
    The present cross sectional methodological research was conducted during year 2016. Participants were 400 nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to 3 universities of medical sciences in Tehran, Iran, who were selected using stratified sampling. A standard forward-backward translation procedure according to Wild et al. (2005) was used to translate the English version of the SLQ to Persian. The psychometric evaluation processes were achieved by face, content, and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis). Reliability was examined using test-retest and Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency reliability.
    Results
    The SLQ showed good content validity (CVI = 0.94) ranging from 0.79 to 0.94 for each of the items. Construct validity evaluation by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) led to extraction of 8 factors from data was confirmed with acceptable values (factor-loading values ranged from 0.32 to 0.95). The original model was presented and incorporated in the CFA, indicating an acceptable fit for the model (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.08; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.91; normed fit index (NFI) = 0.90; and incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.95). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.94 and for each component ranged from 0.71 to 0.86, indicating good internal consistency, and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC = 0.92) showed good test-retest reliability.
    Conclusions
    The Persian version of Fry’s spiritual leadership questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties for measuring spiritual leadership style of Iranian nurse managers and helps detect and predict the extent and scope of the application of this new type of leadership to improve organizational outcomes.
    Keywords: Spirituality, Leadership, Psychometrics, Questionnaire, Nurses
  • Yousef Haghighi Moghadam, Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh*, Abbas Abbaszadeh, Aram Feizi
    Introduction
    Clinical education is the core component of nursing education. PhD graduated nurses who are faculty members can play a main role in clinical instruction. However, there is not clear understanding about the challenges which they may encounter for accepting their role as clinical educator. The aim of this study was to explore the challenges of role acceptance by PhD aduated nurses who are faculty members.
    Methods
    In this qualitative exploratory study a total of 13 participants (8 PhD graduated in nursing, 3 head of departments of nursing, one educational vice chancellor of nursing school, and one nurse) were selected by purposive sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured, face to face interview and analyzed by conventional content analysis approach developed by Graneheim and Lundman.
    Results
    The main theme emerged from data analysis was "identity threat". This theme had five categories including expectations beyond ability, lack of staff’s rely on the performance of PhD graduated nurses, poor clinical competencies, doubtfulness, and obligation.
    Conclusion
    PhD graduated nurses experienced some worries about their role as clinical educators and argued that they have not been prepared for their role. Therefore, policy makers and authorities of nursing schools should support PhD graduated nurses for accepting their new roles as clinical educators. Moreover, some changes in nursing PhD curriculum is needed to improve the clinical competencies of PhD graduated and prepare them for their role as a clinical educator.
    Keywords: Faculty, Professional role, Nursing education
  • سمیه شاه حسینی، فریبا برهانی، فروزان آتش زاده شوریده، امیر کاوسی
    زمینه و هدف
    افراد مبتلا به بیماری های تهدیدکننده حیات مانند سرطان با طیف وسیعی از مشکلات از جمله چالش های روانی، اجتماعی مواجه می شوند که سبب به خطرافتادن احساس کرامت در آنان می گردد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی کرامت انسانی در زنان مبتلا به سرطان پستان تحت شیمی درمانی در شهر تهران، در سال 1393 انجام شده است.
    مواد و روش ها
    این مطالعه توصیفی مقطعی روی 207 زن مبتلا به سرطان پستان تحت شیمی درمانی در سه بیمارستان منتخب وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی که به روش در دسترس انتخاب شدند، صورت گرفته است. جمع آوری داده ها با استفاده از سیاهه کرامت انسانی Chochinov انجام شد. برای تحلیل داده ها از آمارهای توصیفی و آزمون های آماری ANOVA، T test و Duncan استفاده شد.
    ملاحظات اخلاقی: پس از بیان اهداف پژوهش، تاکید بر محرمانه ماندن اطلاعات و کسب رضایت آگاهانه شفاهی از شرکت کنندگان، گردآوری داده ها انجام شد.
    یافته ها
    در این مطالعه نمره کلی کرامت 1/94 از 5 بود. میانگین نمره کرامت بیماران در بعد تجربه علائم تنش 2/40 و انحراف معیار 0/96 بود و پس از آن ابعاد تنش وجودی با میانگین (1/87 و انحراف معیار 0/75)، آرامش ذهن (با میانگین 1/87 و انحراف معیار 0/77)، وابستگی (با میانگین 1/71 و انحراف معیار 0/77) و حمایت اجتماعی (با میانگین 1/33 و انحراف معیار 0/55) بیشترین نمره را به خود اختصاص دادند.
    نتیجه گیری
    یافته ها بر شناسایی منابع مختلف تنش تجربه شده در زنان مورد مطالعه برای کمک به گروه مراقبتی درمانی به ویژه پرستاران در جهت اتخاذ تصمیمات مناسب دلالت دارد.
    کلید واژگان: کرامت انسانی, سرطان پستان, شیمی درمانی, تنش, ایران
    Somaye Shahhoseini, Fariba Borhani, Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Amir Kavousi
    Background And Aim
    Despite the remarkable advances in medical science, cancer continues to be one of the most important challenges in the field of health, the cause of eight million deaths between 1990 and 2010 in the world and the third leading cause of death after heart diseases and accidents in Iran. According to the World Health Organization, the number of patients and deaths will reach from 11.3 and 7.9 million in 2007 to 15.5 and 11.5 million cases in 2030, respectively. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Iranian women. Iranian women catches the breast cancer at least a decade earlier than their counterparts in developed countries that shows the importance of this disease. Studies show that people with life-threatening diseases such as cancer are suffering from with a range of problems, including mental, social and existential challenges, which endangers their sense of dignity. The fundamental nature of caring is to protect the dignity of patients and this issue has not been studied in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy in Iran, so this study aimed to assess the different aspects of dignity from the perspective of women with breast cancer who underwent chemotherapy in hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2015.
    Materials And Methods
    In this cross sectional study, the study population consisted of all women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy in hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Purposive sampling method was used to select hospitals; 207 patients selected using convenient sampling method. The research instrument included Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI) designed in 2008 and includes 5 dimensions, including experiencing symptoms of tension, existential tension, peace of mind, dependency and social support. The validity of the instrument was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. The instrument enjoyed good fit in all aspects (0.47). Its reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.76. Data collect was carried out using the translation of human dignity inventory designed by Chochinov. This inventory contains 25 statements covering 5 dimensions, including experiencing symptoms of tension, existential tension, peace of mind, dependency and social support. Each question is assigned a score of 1-5. A lower score means that the patient is less benefited from the dignity. Also, the demographic questionnaire which included age, marital status, occupation, educational level, level of satisfaction with the family income, duration of diagnosis and presence or lack of mastectomy surgery, was used. Data analysis was analyzed using descriptive statistics and T-test, ANOVA and DUNCAN.
    Ethical Considerations: This study is the product of master's thesis with number of.... . Data collection was carried out after explaining the purpose of the study, emphasizing confidentiality and obtaining the oral informed consent from participants.
    Findings: The response rate was 100% in the studied group whose demographics were as follows: married women (68.1%), high school diploma or less (64.7%), housewives (84.5%) and low satisfaction of their monthly income (67.6%). In 56.5% of patients, the disease was diagnosed less than 1 year ago. Dignity overall score of 1.94 out of 5 was obtained. The dignity score of patients in dimension of experiencing tension symptoms was (mean of 2.40 ± 0.96). Existential tension, peace of mind, dependency and social support were assigned highest scores respectively with mean of (1.87± 0.5), (1.87±0. 77), (1.71±0.77) and (1.31±0.55). Existential tension score was higher in educated women, though there was no statistically significant difference between the different levels of education and dignity score. Also, peace of mind and social support in different educational levels differed significantly (P=0.004). There was no significant difference in overall dignity score of patients in the different occupational levels. Despite the lack of a significant relationship between overall dignity score of patients and their degree of satisfaction with their income, it was observed that patients who were satisfied with their income, reported less tension in three dimensions of experiencing symptoms of tension (P=0.005), existential tension (P=0.029) and social support (P=0.004). There was a significant relationship only between the existential tension dimension of dignity and the hospital's type (P=0.004). There was a significant relationship between patient's dignity score and degree of social support and patients showed the least concern in the social support dimension.
    Discussion and
    Conclusion
    Given that most patients were concerned about the experiencing symptoms of tension dimension and then the existential tension, peace of mind, dependency and social support dimensions, identifying different sources of tension experienced by patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy, contributed greatly to group therapy and care, especially nurses to make right decisions. It also seems necessary that health care team, especially nurses take measures to meet dignity-related needs of this group of patients, especially in the dimension of experiencing symptoms of tension.
    Keywords: Human Dignity, Breast Cancer, Chemotherapy, Tension, Iran
  • Sara Mahmoudi, Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh, Maryam Rassouli, Azam Moslemi, Amir Hossein Pishgooie, Hadi Azimi
    Background
    Burnout has its focus on exhaustion and it includes persistent response to long‑lasting job‑related stressful events. It has a special relevance in health care area in which staff is under constant psychological, emotional, and physical stress. The results of several studies on burnout prevalence among Iranian nurses indicate its high incidence. Therefore, more accurate researches are required for better preventive interventions, and to do so, a reliable validated scale is required. One of the suitable and new tools for the measurement of burnout is Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). This study aimed to translate and investigate psychometric properties of CBI in Iranian nurses.
    Materials And Methods
    In this methodological study, after the translation process, face and content validities via qualitative and quantitative methods was done. Content validation ratio, scale‑level content validated index, item‑level content validity index were measured. Then, construct validity was determined through factor analysis. Furthermore, internal consistency reliability and stability were assessed. The questionnaire was sent to 450 nurses who were randomly selected via quota sampling.
    Results
    Face and content validity were acceptable. After translation and cultural adaptation process, exploratory factor analysis suggested a new model based on four factors and fit indices validated this model via confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency and stability of CBI were affirmed for each subscale separately.
    Conclusions
    The four‑factor Persian version of the CBI proved to enjoy acceptable psychometric properties. It can be applied to evaluate burnout in Iranian nurses or other health care providers.
    Keywords: Burnout, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, factor analysis, nurses, psychometric properties
  • Leila Hosseinpour Dalenjan, Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh*, Meimanat Hosseini, Jamileh Mohtashami
    Background
    Because nurses’ work engagement is related to positive outcomes like increasing organization productivity, it is necessary to promote it. The first step to achieve this goal is to determine the factors associated with nurses’ work engagement, yet very few studies have been conducted on this subject in Iran.
    Objectives
    This study aimed at investigating the correlation between work engagement and workplace incivility in nurses who were working in selected teaching hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran, during 2015 and 2016.
    Methods
    In this descriptive correlational study, 516 nurses were selected randomly from teaching hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences during 2015 and 2016. Data were collected using the demographic questionnaire, the utrecht work engagement scale, and the nursing incivility scale.
    Results
    The means of work engagement and workplace incivility scores were 3.59 ± 1.16 (average) and 2.68 ± 0.65 (low), respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between work engagement and workplace incivility in nurses (P
    Conclusions
    Nursing managers should use proper strategies to improve nurses’ work engagement and decrease the incidence of incivility in hospitals and clinical environments.
    Keywords: Work Engagement, Workplace Incivility, Nurses
  • هومان منوچهری، الهام ایمانی *، فروزان آتش زاده شوریده، حمید علوی مجد
    هدف
    بسیاری از دانشجویان پرستاری در حین تحصیل تمام وقت، به کار بالینی اشتغال می ورزند. پرستارانی که در بخش ها در کنار این دانشجویان کار می کنند، با چالش هایی مواجه می شوند. هدف از این مطالعه کیفی تبیین ادراکات پرستاران از چالش های کار دانشجویی است.
    مواد و روش ها
    این مطالعه کیفی در چهار بیمارستان آموزشی وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی هرمزگان انجام گردید. از مصاحبه عمیق و نیمه ساختار یافته فردی و یادداشت های در عرصه جهت جمع آوری داده ها استفاده شد. متن مصاحبه ها کلمه به کلمه نوشته شد تا بازخورد لازم برای مصاحبه های بعدی و کفایت داده ها فراهم شود. اطلاعات با روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی استقرایی با مراحل کدگذاری باز، ایجاد طبقات و انتزاعی سازی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
    یافته ها
    در این مطالعه 45 پرستار و سرپرستار در محدوده سنی 23 تا 40 سال شرکت کردند. 695 کد اولیه استخراج شد که در نهایت پس از کاهش، حذف و ادغام های صورت گرفته در مراحل مختلف مضامین مشکلات جسمی روانی، مشکلات آموزشی، مشکلات حرفه ای و تکامل نیافتگی استخراج گردیدند.
    نتیجه گیری
    از دیدگاه پرستاران، کار دانشجویی می تواند همراه با چالش های متعددی برای دانشجویان و حرفه پرستاری باشد که عدم توجه به این چالش ها می تواند سبب اختلال در امر مراقبت از بیمار شده و امنیت بیماران و ارزش های حرفه را به خطر اندازد
    کلید واژگان: پرستاران, دانشجوی پرستاری, عملکرد حرفه ای, مطالعه کیفی
    Houman Manouchehri, Elham Imani *, Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Hamid Alavi Majd
    Introduction
    Many nursing students have clinical work while studying full-time. The nurses, who work in clinical wards with these students, encountered some challenges. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explain the nurse's perceptions of work during studying challenges.
    Materials And Methods
    This qualitative study was conducted in four teaching hospitals of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Individualized deep and semi-structured interviews and field notes were used for data collection. The interviews were written verbatim to provide feedback for the next interview and the adequacy of the data. Data were analyzed using qualitative inductive content analysis with phases of open coding, creating categories and abstraction.
    Results
    In this study, 45 graduate nurse and head nurse aged 23 to 40 years were participated. In this way, 695 initial codes were extracted, and finaly, after the reduction, elimination and integration took place at different stages; themes of physical and mental health problems, educational problems, professional problems and underdevelopment were extracted.
    Conclusion
    In the perspective of nurses, students work creates some challenges for students who have not peyed attention to these challenges and may interfere with patient care and threaten patient safety and professional values.
    Keywords: Nurses, Nursing student, Professional Practice, Qualitative Research
  • فروزان آتش زاده شوریده، مرتضی عبدالجباری، مرضیه کرمخانی، معصومه شکری خوبستانی، سید امیرحسین پیشگویی*
    سابقه و اهداف
    انسان موجود پیچیده یی است که بعدهای مختلف شناختی، اجتماعی، عاطفی و معنوی دارد و بعد معنوی یکی از مهم ترین بعدهای انسانی است که می تواند بر دیگر بعدهای وی تاثیرگذار باشد. ازاین رو، هدف از این مطالعه، تعیین رابطه ی بین سلامت معنوی پرستاران با رفتارهای مراقبتی آنان بوده است.
    مواد و روش ها
    این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی- همبستگی است که در آن، 256 پرستار شاغل در بیمارستان های آموزشی شهر تهران در سال 1394، به روش تصادفی انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای گردآوری داده ها شامل پرسش نامه های دموگرافیک، سلامت معنوی و رفتارهای مراقبتی بوده است. داده های پژوهش با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS و همچنین روش های آمار توصیفی، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، رگرسیون و واریانس چند متغیره تجزیه و تحلیل شد. این پژوهش تمام موارد اخلاقی مرتبط را رعایت نموده است.
    یافته ها
    یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که میانگین نمره ی سلامت معنوی 21/5 ± 43/75 و میانگین نمره های رفتارهای مراقبتی در همه ی زیرمقیاس ها و مقیاس کلی، بیش از 3 بوده، که بیشترین میانگین مربوط به زیرمقیاس احترام قائل شدن برای دیگری (89/0 ± 12/4) و کمترین میانگین مربوط به زیرمقیاس توجه به تجارب دیگری (09/1 ± 38/3) بوده است. یافته ها همچنین نشان داد ارتباط مثبت معناداری بین میانگین نمره های کل رفتارهای مراقبتی و سلامت معنوی وجود دارد (01/0 > P، 84/0 = r).
    نتیجه گیری
    نتیجه ی پژوهش نشان می دهد که رفتارهای مراقبتی و سلامت معنوی در پرستاران با هم رابطه دارند. بنابراین لازم است اقدام های مقتضی برای ارتقای رفتارهای مراقبتی و سلامت معنوی پرستاران در اولویت قرار گیرد تا پرستاران بتوانند خدمات بهتری به بیماران و خانواده ی آنان عرضه کنند.
    کلید واژگان: ایران, پرستاران, رفتارهای مراقبتی, سلامت معنوی
    Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh, Morteza Abdoljabbari, Marzieh Karamkhani, Masume Shokri Khubestani, Seyed Amirhossein Pishgooie*
    Background And Objectives
    Human beings are complicated and have different cognitive, social, emotional, and spiritual dimensions. One of the most important human dimensions is the spiritual dimension that can affect the other dimensions. To this end, this study intended to determine the relationship between spiritual health and nurses’ caring behaviors.
    Materials and Methods
    This study was descriptive-correlational research. 256 nurses working in academic hospitals of Tehran in 2015-2016 as a sample were randomly selected. Data collection instruments included demographic, spiritual health and caring behaviors questionnaires. Research data were analyzed by 21-SPSS statistical software and using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient, regression and multivariate analysis of variance. In this study, all relevant ethical issues were considered.
    Results
    The findings showed the mean score of spiritual health was 75.43±5.21 and the average scores on all subscales and the overall scale of caring behaviors were more than 3 where the highest mean was related to the subscale of respect for the others (4.12±0.89) and the lowest mean was related to the subscale of attention to other experiences (3.38±1.09) respectively. Moreover, the results revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between the mean score of spiritual health and caring behaviors (r = 0.84, P
    Conclusion
    Caring behaviors and spiritual health are related to each other in nurses. Therefore, it is indispensable to promote and prioritize the spiritual health and caring behaviors of nurses so that patients and their families will receive better health services.
    Keywords: Caring behaviors, Iran, Nurses, Spiritual health
  • Fatemeh Davoodi, Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Hossein Shiri, Abolfazl Payandeh, Mahnaz Ilkhani, Hadi Azimi, Sara Mahmoody, Marjan Mohamadi
    Background
    Coronary angiography (CAG) is one of the procedures for diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). It may have severe complications. Providing patient education based on standards can lead to reduction in complication risks and increase patient satisfaction.
    Objectives
    Consequently, the present study was conducted to audit discharge education for CAG patients.
    Methods
    In this descriptive study, 387 discharge educations of CAG patients were observed by event sampling. The data were collected using demographic information of nurses and patients and a checklist formulated on the basis of standards for discharge education of CAG patients. This checklist had 35 items in six dimensions. The validity and reliability of the checklist was examined using content and validity and the Inter-rater correlation coefficient (ICC = 97%). The data was analyzed using SPSS20.
    Results
    The results showed that the discharge education of CAG patients was weak in all dimensions. The highest education was found for the CAG wound care sub-domain. Education of bleeding control education, nurse-patient communication, changing life style education, emergency events education, and drugs usage dimensions were low.
    Conclusions
    The findings revealed that common CAG discharge education is not satisfactory in comparison with the standards. Factors that may contribute to this failure include not enough nursing staff, lack of education plan at the discharge time and ineffective supervision. Using this checklist is beneficial for better education outcomes. The findings recommend nurses to evaluate the economic, safety, and psychosocial situation of the patients as they may prevent the patient’s and their family’s ability to follow the discharge plans.
    Keywords: Coronary Angiography, Patient Education, Discharge, Nursing Audit
  • فهیمه رستمی نوری، فروزان آتش زاده شوریده*، کیانوش نیرومند زندی، امیر کاوسی، مرضیه مالکی
    زمینه و هدف
    با توجه به شیوع استفاده از سوند ادراری، پرستاران به عنوان یکی از بزرگترین و مهم ترین گروه های ارائه دهنده خدمات سلامت، باید دانش و مهارت گسترده جهت ارائه مراقبت های استاندارد را دارا باشند. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین میزان رعایت اصول مراقبت های پرستاری سونداژ زنان با استانداردها در بیمارستان منتخب دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم در سال 1393 انجام شد.
    روش بررسی
    در این پژوهش توصیفی - مقطعی، 195 مورد مراقبت پرستاری سونداژ زنان در یک بیمارستان تحت پوشش دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم در سال 1393 با روش نمونه گیری از رویداد، بررسی گردید. اطلاعات از طریق پرسشنامه اطلاعات جمعیت شناختی پرستاران و فهرست وارسی اصول مراقبت های پرستاری سونداژ زنان، جمع آوری شدند.
    یافته ها
    در این مطالعه، میزان مطابقت مراقبت های پرستاری سونداژ با استانداردها برابر 8/70% (متوسط) بود. 2/29% از مراقبت ها مطلوب و 0% مراقبت ها، ضعیف گزارش شد.
    نتیجه گیری
    با توجه به یافته ها، عملکرد پرستاران درخصوص مراقبت های پرستاری سونداژ زنان در مقایسه با استانداردها، در سطح متوسطی قرار دارد. به منظور ارتقای کیفیت مراقبت ها، به کارگیری راهنمای بالینی مراقبت های پرستاری سونداژ زنان و نظارت بالینی مدیران پرستاری بر حسن اجرای آنها پیشنهاد می گردد.
    کلید واژگان: مراقبت پرستاری, استانداردها, سونداژ مجرای ادرار, زنان
    Fahime Rostami Nouri, Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh*, Kianoosh Niroomand Zandi, Amir Kavousi, Marzieh Maleki
    Background And Objectives
    Given the increasing prevalence of use of urinary catheter, nurses as one of the largest and the most important health care provider groups, should have extensive knowledge and skills in order to provide standard health care. This study was conducted to determine the conformity rate of the principles of catheterization nursing care in women with the standards in selected Hospital of Qom University of Medical Sciences, 2015.
    Methods
    In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 195 cases of catheterization nursing care in women, were investigated using event sampling in one of the hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences, in 2015. Data were gathered through Nurse's Demographic Information Questionnaire and checklist of catheterization nursing care in women.
    Results
    In this study, the conformity rate of catheterization nursing care with the standards was 70.8% (moderate); 29.2% of the care was desirable; and 0% was poor.
    Conclusion
    According to the results, nurses’ performance in the catheterization nursing care in women was in moderate level compared to the standards. In order to improve the quality of cares, implementation of nursing clinical guidelines for women catheterization, and clinical supervision by nurse managers, are suggested.
    Keywords: Nursing care, standards, Urethral catheterization, Women
  • فروزان آتش زاده شوریده، منصوره زاغری تفرشی، نسترن حیدری خیاط، آرزو شیخ میلانی، حمیدرضا گیلاسی، مهدیه صابری
    زمینه و هدف
    داشتن دیدگاه مراقبتی در خور، از ضروریات مراقبت های پرستاری با کیفیت است که باید در طی برنامه های آموزش پرستاری تامین گردد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف مقایسه دیدگاه دانشجویان کارشناسی پرستاری ترم 1، 5 و 8 در مورد اهمیت رفتارهای مراقبتی طی تحصیل دوره آموزش پرستاری انجام یافته است.
    روش بررسی
    مطالعه حاضر یک مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی است. در این پژوهش سه گروه 40 نفری به روش تصادفی (ترم یک، پنج و هشت) از دانشجویان پرستاری دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی تهران در سال 1393 انتخاب شدند. جهت گردآوری داده ها از «سیاهه رفتارهای مراقبتی» استفاده شد که به شکل خودگزارشی توسط دانشجویان تکمیل شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های آماری توصیفی واستنباطی (سطح معناداری 05/0p<) در نرم افزار SPSS v.20 انجام یافت.
    یافته ها
    میانگین نمرات براساس سیاهه رفتارهای مراقبتی در گروه ها به ترتیب در ترم یک: 2/148، ترم پنج: 6/123، ترم هشت: 05/122 بود و آزمون آنالیز واریانس اختلاف آماری معناداری بین سه گروه نشان داد (001/0p<). همچنین نمرات دیدگاه دانشجویان در مورد اهمیت رفتارهای مراقبتی در همه حیطه های ابزار شامل احترام قایل شدن برای دیگری (001/0p<)، اطمینان از حضور انسانی (001/p<)، ارتباط و گرایش مثبت (001/0p<)، دانش و مهارت حرفه ای (04/0=p)، توجه به تجارب دیگری (001/0p<) متفاوت بود. با توجه به همگن نبودن گروه ها از نظر متغیرهای سن و جنس، برای حذف اثر آن ها بر متغیر اصلی از آزمون آنالیز کوواریانس استفاده و با کنترل نقش مخدوش کنندگی سن و جنس همچنان تفاوت معنادار بود (001/0p<).
    نتیجه گیری
    دیدگاه مراقبتی دانشجویان سال های بالاتر نه تنها بهتر از سال های پایین تر نبوده، بلکه نسبت به آن ها کم تر هم بوده است. با توجه به این که داشتن دیدگاه مراقبتی از ضروریات مراقبت پرستاری با کیفیت است که باید در طی برنامه های آموزش پرستاری تامین گردد و با توجه به کم رنگ شدن بعد عاطفی مراقبت، لزوم تاکید بیش تر مربیان و پرستاران بالینی و استفاده از منتورها در بالین توصیه می شود تا بعد عاطفی مراقبت را در عمل و عینی تر به دانشجویان پرستاری نشان دهند.
    کلید واژگان: رفتارهای مراقبتی, آموزش پرستاری, مراقبت
    Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh, Mansoreh Zagheri Tafreshi, Nastaran Heidari Khayat, Arezoo Sheikh Milani, Hamid Reza Gilasi, Mahdieh Sabery
    Background and Aim
    Caring viewpoint is a requisite of high quality nursing care. It must be operational through the nursing education program. The present study was conducted to compare the viewpoints of undergraduate nursing students at the first, fifth, and eighth semesters about the importance of caring behaviors during their nursing education.Methods & Materials: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. In this study, three groups of 40 nursing students (semester one, five and eight) were selected by random sampling from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Caring Behavior Inventory completed through self-report by the students, was used for collecting data. Data were analyzed by the descriptive and inferential statistics (with the significance level<0.05) using SPSS software (version 20).
    Results
    The mean scores based on Caring Behaviors Inventory in three groups were: semester 1: 148.2, semester five: 123.6, semester eight: 122.05. ANOVA showed statistically significant differences between the mean scores for three groups of students (P<0.001). Also, the scores of students’ viewpoints were different in all instrument domains included respectful deference to the other (P<0.001), assurance of human presence (P<0.001), positive connectedness (P<0.001), professional skills and knowledge (P=0.004), attentiveness to the other’s experience (P<0.001). Considering the lack of homogeneity in the groups in terms of age and sex, analysis of covariance was used to eliminate their confounding effects on main variable, and despite controlling for the confounding role of age and sex, differences were significant (P<0.001).
    Conclusion
    The viewpoints of the higher-year students about the importance of caring behaviors not only had not promoted but also it had decreased compared to the lower-year students. Considering the fact that caring viewpoint is the requisite of high quality nursing care that must be operational through nursing education programs, and due to the fading of emotional aspect of care, more emphasis on clinical instructors and nurses and using mentors in clinical practice are needed to practically and concretely show nursing students the emotional aspect of caring.
    Keywords: caring behaviors, nursing education, care
  • فاطمه پیری نقابادی، منیژه نوریان *، اعظم شیرین آبادی فراهانی، محمد امین پورحسینقلی، فروزان آتش زاده شوریده
    اهداف
    زردی یکی از مشکلات شایع دوره نوزادی است که به دلیل اثرات سمی بیلی روبین غیرمستقیم بر مغز و عوارض جدی ناشی از آن، دارای اهمیت است. فتوتراپی شایع ترین درمان زردی نوزادی است و با انجام مراقبت های پرستاری مطابق با استانداردهای موجود، فتوتراپی به صورت موثرتر و ایمن تر انجام می شود و طول مدت درمان فتوتراپی، مشکلات ناشی از آن و طول مدت بستری نوزاد در بیمارستان کاهش می یابد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف «بررسی میزان مطابقت مراقبت های پرستاری در رابطه با فتوتراپی نوزاد با استانداردهای موجود» انجام شد.
    روش ها
    در این مطالعه توصیفی (از نوع حسابرسی)، 120 مراقبت پرستاری در رابطه با فتوتراپی نوزاد در سال 1392، مورد مشاهده و بررسی قرار گرفت. تعداد120مورد مراقبت به دوشیوه نمونه گیری از رویداد و نمونه گیری زمانی انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده ها شامل فرم بازنگری حاوی اطلاعاتی مربوط به نحوه انجام مراقبت های استاندارد در ارتباط با فتوتراپی نوزاد بود که بر اساس مرور متون و استانداردهای موجود طراحی شده و روایی و پایایی آن به ترتیب از طریق بررسی روایی محتوا و صوری و محاسبه ضریب توافق میان مشاهده گرها (ICC=0/78) مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. روش جمع آوری اطلاعات، مشاهده و ثبت گزینه های فرم بازنگری بود که در بخش های نوزادان و مراقبت ویژه نوزادان بیمارستان های وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی انجام شد. داده ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. آنالیزهای آماری با نرم افزار SPSS21 نسخه 21 انجام شد. سطح معنی داری 05 /0>p در نظر گرفته شد.
    یافته ها
    میزان مطابقت مراقبت های پرستاری مرتبط با فتوتراپی در بخش های نوزادان و مراقبت ویژه نوزادان با استانداردهای موجود، در حد متوسط (7/ 58 درصد) بود.
    نتیجه گیری
    مراقبت های پرستاری مرتبط با فتوتراپی نوزادان فاصله زیادی با استانداردها دارند که این امر را می توان به عدم توجه مراقبت کنندگان در این خصوص، نارسایی در آموزش و عدم آگاهی پرستاران در ارتباط با اهمیت مراقبت صحیح حین فتوتراپی و پیامدهای ناشی از مراقبت نادرست، نارسایی در نظارت بالینی مدیران پرستاری و کمبود امکانات و تجهیزات نسبت داد.
    کلید واژگان: حسابرسی پرستاری, زردی نوزادی, فتوتراپی, مراقبت استاندارد, مراقبت های ویژه نوزادان, نوزادان
    Fatemeh Pirineghabadi, Manijeh Nourian *, Azam Shirinabadi Farahani, Mohammad Amin Pourhoseingholi, Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh
    Aims
    Jaundice is among the most prevalent problems among neonates which can have toxic effects on the brain and cause serious complications. The commonest treatment for neonatal jaundice is phototherapy. Providing phototherapy by using clinical standards can enhance its effectiveness and safety, reduce its duration, shorten hospital stay, and minimize phototherapy-related complications. The aim of this study was ‘to evaluate the accordance of phototherapy-related nursing care services with the current standards”.
    Methods
    In this descriptive study, 120 phototherapy-related care delivery episodes were selected in 2013through time and event sampling and were observed and assessed by using a checklist. The checklist had been developed based on a literature review and the current standards. The validity of the checklist was established through content validity assessment and its reliability was confirmed by an inter-rater interclass correlation coefficient of 0.78. Study data were gathered through observing and documenting phototherapy-related care services provided in the neonatal care wards and neonatal intensive care units of four hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The data were reported by using the measures of descriptive statistics which had been calculated by using the SPSS21.
    Results
    The accordance of phototherapy-related nursing care services with the current standards in the study setting was moderate (58.7%).
    Conclusions
    Phototherapy-related care services are way below the standards. This can be related to factors such as care providers’ inattentiveness, educational shortcomings, inadequate clinical supervision, limited equipment and facilities, and nurses’ lack of knowledge about the importance and the outcomes of accurate phototherapy-related care services.
    Keywords: Auditing, Neonatal jaundice, Phototherapy, Phototherapy, Neonatal intensive care, Neonates
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سامانه نویسندگان
  • دکتر فروزان آتش زاده شوریده
    دکتر فروزان آتش زاده شوریده
    دانشیار گروه مدیریت و روان پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
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