فهرست مطالب freshteh mehri

Systemic inflammation is associated with severe coronavirus disease. Hyponatremia can be caused by inflammation related to non-osmotic stimuli.

This study was conducted to investigate hyponatremia status and interleukin 6 concentration as well as their possible relationship in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy people.

In this cross-sectional study, 24 COVID-19 patients and 24 healthy individuals referred to hospitals in Hamadan were included in the study in order to evaluate the relationship between hyponatremia and inflammation. The study was conducted after receiving ethical approval and informed consent from the participants. Complete blood count (CBC), inflammatory markers, electrolytes, creatinine, liver enzymes, ferritin, albumin, and D-dimer were measured using Selectra-Pro XI autoanalyzer, Pars Azmoun kits, and Human Interleukin 6 ELISA Kit Catalog MBS760693. All analyses were performed at a significance level of 0.05.

In this study, there was no statistically significant difference in age and gender between 24 healthy people and 24 participating patients (P>0.05). The level of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus was significantly decreased in patients with COVID-19 compared to controls (P<0.001). The level of inflammatory markers, ferritin, albumin, D-dimer, and liver enzymes in the patient group was significantly increased compared to the control group (P<0.01).

The results of this study showed a higher incidence of hyponatremia and an increased level of interleukin-6 in COVID-19 patients. It seems that the use of strategies to reduce inflammation will help in the proper management of the disease.

 Despite confirming the positive effect of using masks in preventing disease the level of adherence in some communities has been reported to be very low. This study was conducted to determine psycho-social factors affecting the use of masks during the covid-19 pandemic in Be'sat hospital in Hamadan.

 This Cross-sectional description study was conducted on 384 people who were referred to educational-therapeutic Be'sat hospital in Hamadan and who were selected by the available sampling method in 2022. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that included 51 questions to assess the participants' demographic, economic, social, cultural, and spiritual status and was completed by face-to-face interview method. SPSS 26 software and Chi-square, Monte Carlo, Mann-Whitney, and Student's t-tests were used to analyze the data.

 The mean age was 36.76±11.71 years. More than half of the participants (54.7%) were men. The frequency of having a mask at the time of the interview was 48.4%. According to the findings, the frequency of use a mask in men was significantly less than in women.  Also a significant relationship was observed between use a mask and being single, more educated, living in the city, and no smoking history (P< 0.001). A significant relationship was observed between use a mask and higher economic, cultural and social status.

economic, social, and cultural factors were identified as the influential factors of mask use; therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the preventive behaviors, social norms, and culture during epidemics.

Mycotoxins are known to be one of the most important food contaminants that pose potential health risks to humans. This study aimed to investigate the changes in total aflatoxin (TAF) content during grape vinegar production. Different types of aflatoxins including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), and G2 (AFG2) were spiked into washed grape samples in the level of 5 μg/kg. Then grape samples were converted to vinegar. After different stages of vinegar processing including juicing, alcoholic fermentation, acetic acid fermentation, and pasteurization, sampling was performed and the level of each aflatoxin was measured using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FD). Among different processing steps, the pasteurization operation had the least effect on the removal of aflatoxin. After juicing, the amount of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 decreased by 14%, 11.18%, 13.77%, and 18.56%, respectively. Alcoholic fermentation had the greatest effect on the removal of aflatoxin so that it could reduce the levels of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 by 41.87%, 45.34%, 45.37%, and 46.52%, respectively. Overall, during processing and conversion of grapes to vinegar, the values of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were reduced by 76.20%, 71.06%, 69.26%, and 75.85%, respectively. Processing grapes to vinegar can have a significant effect on the aflatoxin reduction.

A sensitive method using ion-pair extraction was developed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for measurement of 4-methylimidazole (4-MI) in NMRI mice plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Detection was done by electrospray positive ionization mass spectrometry in the multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The validation method was applied to quantification of 4-MI in plasma and CSF samples using oral doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg in NMRI mice. The efficiency of the method was evaluated in terms of linearity (R2> 0.99), recovery (98–107%, 3 levels) and precision (8–10%, 3 levels, n = 6). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 25 ng/ml and 50 ng/mL, respectively. The results obtained showed that the exposure to oral doses of 4-MI in mice makes different concentrations in plasma and CSF and causes significant changes in mice. This study was the first report for determination of 4-MI in plasma and CSF samples in mice. Our results suggest that LC-MS/MS-based on ion-pair extraction is a robust method with high detection ability for measurement of 4-MI in plasma and CSF samples. Therefore the developed method can be useful for evaluation and monitoring of imidazole derivatives in biological samples.

Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is a widely spread environmental contaminant. It accumulates in the brain and has potential neurotoxin effects. Due to chemical properties, PFOS shows persistency in the environment and therefore has potential hazardous effect. The risk of possible intra uterine exposure to PFOS poses a health concern for developmental effects. The goal of this study was survey of histological and behavioral changes made by PFOS in pregnant mice and their fetuses using common behavioral assays and H&E staining. In the present study doses of PFOS (1,10,20 mg/kg) given orally to pregnant mouse from gestational day (GD) 0 to GD14; then on the day 15, Behavioral experiments including (open field and passive avoidance) were used to assess toxic behavioral changes such as memory impairment and anxiety. After behavioral evaluations fetuses were dissected on day 15 of gestation and morphological and histological studies on pregnant mouse brain and her fetus were carried out using haematoxylin-eosin staining method. Our findings showed that PFOS can induce neurotoxicity in pregnant mouse especially by induction of abnormalities in dentate gyrus of hippocamps and disruption of neurobehavioral functions .Besides in her fetus; PFOS produced significant changes in brain, liver and thyroid gland in comparison with untreated control mouse fetus. As a conclusion, PFOS can cause both neurobehavioral and developmental toxicity in pregnant mouse and her fetus.