ghafarzadeh

After the end of the Cold War, China has formed a global partnership network. In the last three decades, China's participatory diplomacy has become the main tool of this country's foreign policy and is a symbolic indicator of the level of bilateral and multilateral relations with governments and international and regional organizations. The main question of the article is what is the position of West Asia in China's cooperative diplomacy? In response to the main question, the hypothesis of the article is that China has not limited its partners to big powers as in the past, which is the most significant change in China's partnership network. Since West Asia is one of the most important regions for China outside the Indo-Pacific region, China's approach to West Asia is based on the security of key resources and access to markets and resources. This article argues that the hierarchy of levels of participatory diplomacy shows that the governments and organizations of the West Asian region are important for China. Therefore, by understanding this hierarchy, it is possible to analyze China's approach to relations with West-Asian countries. China's partnership diplomacy with West Asia is centered around energy, the Belt and Road Initiative, foreign investment, trade and technology. The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical.
After the end of the Cold War, China has formed a global and multidimensional partnership network. Since 1993, when Beijing established its first strategic partnership with Brazil, cooperative diplomacy has gradually become one of the main components of China's grand diplomacy, and Beijing has expanded its special relations in the world with the concept of strategic partnership. To better understand China's strategic evolution in diplomacy, we need to know how these partnerships are formed and what motivates Beijing to strengthen its partnership network. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, by the end of 2021, more than 100 partnerships have been established at different levels, which include regional and international countries and organizations. These partnerships have been a prominent tool in China's diplomatic toolkit to ensure a suitable environment for the country's emergence. As a diplomatic tool, strategic partnership diplomacy reflects a broader change in China's development path and its diplomacy paradigm. China is not unique in using participatory diplomacy as a way to advance its national interests, but what distinguishes China's approach is that Beijing has placed participatory networks at the center of its foreign policy strategy. Also, like in the past, China has not limited its partners to big powers, which is the most significant change in China's partnership network. In fact, cooperative diplomacy has become China's prominent strategy to advance its economic and political growth. From an economic point of view, China is looking for partnerships with countries that have the ability to provide a market for Chinese goods and natural resources and strengthen China's economic presence in the world. Politically, China's goal of participation is to counter American pressure and create a favorable political environment for China's rise. Outside the Indo-Pacific region, West Asia is the most important region for China. The unique geopolitical position of West Asia is a vital source for the exchange of energy, technology and expansion of economic, trade and investment relations between the two sides.
  In the last decade, China has increased its economic, political and, to a lesser extent, its security footprint in West Asia and has become the largest trading partner and foreign investor for many countries in the region; China's role has also expanded with the announcement by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013 of the Belt and Road Initiative, which is the cornerstone of China's modern strategy. We start this article by analyzing the concept of strategic partnership based on the existing literature in international relations. Since there is no consensus on the meaning of the term strategic partnership, in this article we use the conceptual framework of Thomas Wilkins to explain the partnership between China and the West Asia region. Wilkins is one of the few authors who explained the conceptual framework of strategic partnership. The main question of the article is what is the position of West Asia in China's cooperative diplomacy? In response to this question, we propose the hypothesis that China has not limited its partners to big powers as in the past, that this strategy is the most significant change in China's partnership network, and China's partnership diplomacy with West Asia with energy, foreign investment, trade, innovation One Belt and One Road is focused, and Beijing is careful to avoid repeating what it sees as Western interference and present a narrative of neutral engagement with all countries, including those that are in conflict with each other, based on mutually beneficial agreements.
In this article, after analyzing the concept of strategic partnership diplomacy and reviewing the existing literature, we examined the position of West Asia in China's strategic partnership diplomacy. The findings of the research showed that China did not limit its partners to big powers as in the past, which is the most significant change in China's partnership network. Since West Asia is the most important region for China outside the Indo-Pacific region, China's approach to West Asia is based on the security of key resources and access to markets and resources. The hierarchy of levels of cooperative diplomacy shows that the governments and organizations of the West Asian region are important to China. Therefore, by understanding this hierarchy, China's approach to relations with West Asian countries can be analyzed.
  China's partnership diplomacy with West Asia focuses on energy, the Belt and Road Initiative, foreign investment, and trade and technology. In general, strategic partnerships go beyond security alignments. This is especially true for China. In recent years, Beijing has repeatedly emphasized that the partnerships are "a new type of state-to-state relationship and not against any third state." What makes China's approach unique is that partnership networks are at the strategic center of China's foreign policy. It seems that China's choice to create a cooperative diplomacy network is not accidental. On the contrary, it is determined to a large extent by the three factors of the need to deal with American pressure, the need to maintain peace and stability in its borders, and to achieve the long-term goal of modernization. Overall, although China's main goal is to seek economic benefits while avoiding political conflict, it seems that Beijing cannot indefinitely avoid playing an active role in regional security. In order to protect its long-term economic interests in West Asia, as well as to present itself as an emerging power in the multipolar international order, China will find it necessary to play a greater and more active role in the security and political dynamics of the region as soon as possible.

Background and Urticaria and Angioedema are two common diseases that most people have during their lives and they have a high risk of relapse. In this research, we have tried to discuss Urticaria and Angioedema from the perspective of Traditional Iranian Medicine and modern medicine and report recommended treatments in Persian medicine texts. Because of importance of Traditional Iranian Medicine ,s sagestions for these diseases, this research has been done.
Methods and Materials: The research has been done by reading related articles and reliable databanks such as Web of science, Google scholar and ….. with key words of Urticaria, Angioedema. Over than 50 articles in modern medicine and 10 text books in Traditional Iranian Medicine have been investigated in the definitions, symptoms and treatments.
The definition of Urticaria and Angioedema in Modern Medicine is more consistent with Shera and Mashera disorders in Traditional Iranian Medicine. 40 medicinal plants for monotherapy and 12 combination drug products for the treatment of these two diseases in Traditional Iranian Medicine are suggested..
As in Traditional Iranian Medicine, a lots of single and compound herbal drugs have been suggested to treat Urticaria and Angioedema, their effects can be tested by the clinical trials.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease in many tropical and sub-tropical countries، caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and can be transm-itted by sand fly bites. This study was carr-ied out to identify the epidemiologic status of cutaneous leishmaniasis with emphasis on trend of its incidence rate in Kashan. This investigation was a descriptive and retrospective study based on existing data. Sample consists of all persons who were referred to the central laboratory in Kashan during the last five years (20 March 2005 to 19 March 2010) for parasitological diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis، and their diseases were con-firmed. Demographic characteristics and clinical information of cutaneous leishma-niasis (positive cases) were recorded and analyzed. The results revealed that the nu-mber of infected cases in Kashan was 1599 people during the study. Of these patients 1315 (82. 2%) lived in urban and 284 pati-ents (17. 8%) in rural areas. Incidence rate in rural dwellers was significantly higher than urban residents (19. 10 vs. 9. 46 cases per 10،000 population). During the study، patients showed a significant increaseing and positive cases of cutaneous leishma-niasis had been increased from 192 cases to 405 cases in the last year of the study. The annual incidence rate of the disease has increased significantly. Among the patients with active cutaneous leishmaniasis، 717 (45%) were females and 882 (55%) male. 92% of cases were Iranian and the rem-aining of non-Iranian. The highest incid-ence rate was observed in the age group below 10 years، with 14. 87 per 10000 inha-bitants، and the least rate in the age group 40-49 years with 5. 93 per 10000 inha-bitants. The prevalence of active CL pati-ents in the age group less than 20 years (43. 84%) was significantly higher than the corresponding value in the same age group in the general population (34. 02%) in Ka-shan. Most commonly affected organs، hands (45. 8 % alone، 7. 1 percent، with feet and 2. 9% with face)، followed by feet. Single lesion in the majority of patients، was followed by two or more ulcers on two or more parts of the body. Discussion & The findings showed an increasing trend of the prevale-nce and incidence rate of cutaneous leish-maniasis over the period study in the regi-on. Also، cutaneous Leishmaniasis remains a public health threat in the future. There-fore، it is recommended that the regional authorities paying more attention to control the spreading of the disease.

Bread constitutes the main food of Iranian people. The consumption of bread supplies 70% of protein and 20% of calorie needed by body. The zinc content of Iran`s agricultural soil is less than 0.7 mg/kg while the standard value is more than 1 mg/kg. This study was carried out to assess the effect of soil enrichment with zinc compounds on the serum zinc level in general population. In the first stage agricultural soil was enriched with 15 kg/hectare iron sexsothirin, 40 kg/hectare manganese sulfate and 50kg/hectare zinc sulfate. The amount of zinc in the prepared flour, before and during the study, was measured by atomic absorption machine through dry oxidation. 1795 people were selected from rural areas of Urmia city, in Iran for this intervention. Blood samples were obtained from 10% of the population before and after intervention. The amount of serum zinc was measured by means of auto analyzer machine Hitadin 704 using UK Randox kit. This was a clinical trial study and collected data before and after intervention; considering mean, standard deviation and confidence interval 95% for all sex and age groups in the population were analyzed. The mean values for serum zinc before and after intervention were 80.05 and 109.73 microgram/deciliter blood respectively (CI=102.58, 116.89), (p<0.0001), showing a significant difference. The mean values for serum zinc in women and men before intervention were 75.23 and 87.92 accordingly with p=0.028, the difference between the two groups were significant. The mean values for serum zinc levels after intervention in women and men were 103.39 and 108.66 respectively which showed no significant difference (p=818%). Differences between the mean values for serum zinc levels in women and men before and after intervention with respective (p<0.0001) and (p<0.001) were significant. This study indicated use of zinc compounds for soil enrichment led to improvement of zinc standards in wheat and use of enriched flour for 6 months resulted in an increase in the serum zinc level in both sexes and all age groups of the community.

Background and Social phobia is the third current disorder in psychiatry, that causes functional deficiency in patients and leads to high economic losses in families and society. Social phobia can be managed by different durg and non-durg treatment, one of them probably is cognitive therapy. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of congnitive therapy on the social phobia of the students in the highschool boys of Kashan province in 1999. This is a clinical trial in which the effects of cognitive therapy were assesed by determining and comparing the social phobia between the cases of cognitive therapy and control groups at their entering the study and after six weeks. The sample of this study consists of 44 boys suffering from society-escaping or avoidant disorder. from 11 state highschools in kashan. They scored higher than other students measured by social phobia scale of mattick and Çlarke. The finding of the study showed that social phobia in the cognitive therapy group was significantly different when entering the study and after six weeks. (P=0.0000), while in the control group there was no difference in the social phobia in either points. Furthermore, a significant difference in the social phobia between the cognitive therapy group and control group was noted (P=0.0000). Çonclusion: Çonsidering the positive effect of cognitive therapy on social phobia, cognitive therapy is recommended in treatment of the social phobia. We also suggest a study determining the effect of cognitive therapy on the social phobia at short and long term follow up.