ghasem ansari

 Oral mucositis is a painful and uncomfortable complication and affects the quality of life and tolerance of patients for continued treatment. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of this problem are important.

 This study aimed to compare the effect of nystatin cocktail with normal saline in the prevention of oral mucositis in children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

 Overall, 50 children undergoing chemotherapy were randomly divided into an experimental nystatin cocktail group and a control normal saline mouthwash group, each containing 25 patients. The patients were evaluated for 3 weeks on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 for oral mucositis. In addition, to calculate the average oral health status, the debris score of each tooth was recorded separately according to the presence or absence of plaque and debris and its amount.

 In total, 64%, 28%, and 8% of patients receiving normal saline had no mucositis, grade-I mucositis, and grade-II mucositis, respectively. In contrast, 60%, 32%, and 8% of patients in the nystatin group had no mucositis, grade-I mucositis, and grade-II mucositis, respectively (P=0.952). No statistically significant difference was detected in the hygiene status in terms of the plaque index (PI) among children in the two groups (P=0.896). In patients using normal saline, the mean severity of mucositis on the third and seventh days after chemotherapy was higher than children in the nystatin group (P=0.629).

 The findings showed that normal saline and nystatin cocktail were effective in preventing and reducing the oral mucositis severity in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism type 2 (MOPD II) is a rare untreatable genetic disorder characterized by severe prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, bird-headed face (receding forehead and chin, a beaklike nose, and prominent eyes), skeletal abnormalities, abnormal dentition, abnormal hair and skin changes, high-pitched nasal voice, and an increased risk for insulin resistance and cerebrovascular disease. MOPDII is caused by mutations in the pericentrin gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This study aims to report a MOPD II child patient. 

A seven-year-old girl genetically diagnosed with MOPD II has been presented in this case report. Clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings with emphasis on oral features have been reported, and her dental problems management has also been described.

MOPD II patients have a shorter life expectancy. The main health complications which need regular care include vascular changes of the central nervous system, diabetes mellitus, renal problems, blood pressure, cardiac pathologies, and hematologic profile. MOPD II patients have a high risk of caries because they consume soft and cariogenic foods due to microdontia, oligodontia, and an incompetent masticatory system. On the other hand, dental treatment for such patients can be very challenging. MOPD II cases and their families should be aware of the importance of oral hygiene and routine dental follow-ups.

Objectives:

 This study aimed to assess the antibacterial effects of xylitol and Stevia rebaudiana (S. rebaudiana) ethanolic extract on oral biofilm.

Methods :

A total of 96 acrylic discs were divided into two main groups for inoculation with Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus). Each group consisted of 6 subgroups including a positive control subgroup and 5 subgroups of discs immersed in 1% or 3% xylitol solutions, 2 or 4 mg/mL S. rebaudiana, or a combination of 3% xylitol and 4 mg/mL S. rebaudiana. After incubation, the discs were rinsed and transferred to fluid universal medium. The solutions were cultured on specific culture media and incubated. The colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted for each disc. The structure of biofilm in each group was evaluated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Results :

ANOVA revealed significant differences between the subgroups in both S. mutans and S. sobrinus groups (P=0.03 and P=0.01, respectively). In S. mutans group, the logarithmic mean of colony count in the positive control subgroup was 6.75 while this value was significantly lower in 2 mg/mL (5.81) and 4mg/mL (5.92) S. rebaudiana subgroups using the post hoc Dunnett's test (P=0.01 and P=0.04, respectively). The three other subgroups did not show significant differences. In S. sobrinus group, all five experimental subgroups demonstrated significantly lower colony count than the positive control group (P<0.05).

The present study aimed to investigate the dimensions of talent-based organizations and formulate a theoretical model for Public banks. The interpretive-constructive epistemology paradigm was used with a qualitative approach and the grounded theory strategy. Based on theoretical and purposeful sampling, semi-structured interviews with executive administers of the bank and professors of human resources management were conducted. After transcription and coding the three-step text of the interviews using the Nvivo qualitative software, the findings were extracted based on four main domains in the form of 15 selective codes and 38 axial codes. The pivotal talent phenomenon as the core of the model, 1- Context with three selective codes of political-legal structure, cultural structure and mental structure, 2- Causal Conditions with five selective codes of loose and horizontal structure, flexible and individual goals, three-dimensional evaluation, informal and horizontal relationships, dynamism and risk-taking, 3- Strategy with four selective codes of using evolutionary leaders, changing insights and beliefs, creating a talent bank and becoming a learning organization; and 4- Outcomes of the pivotal talent phenomenon for the organization with three selective codes for the establishment of a meritocratic system, an increase organizational effectiveness and survival of the organization were categorized and conceptualized.The expert directors and professors had strengthened some sort of optimism and epistemic hope in their own philosophy in order to overcome the obstacles of pivotal talent phenomenon and on the other hand, for trying to create and realize talent-oriented conditions and factors.

Deep bite is one of the main common occlusal discrepancies of mixed dentition period and anterior bite plate is recommended in early mixed dentition to correct the trait and prevent the future malocclusion. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of anterior bite plate on the correction of deep bite in early mixed dentition. This retrospective semi-experimental clinical trial was conducted on 16 patients (8 males, 8 females) with deep bite and class II malocclusion in early mixed dentition. Cephalometric radiographs were obtained from patients’ records before and after the application of anterior bite plate. Changes in 11 various angular, ratio and distance measures were evaluated by tracing the cephalograms. Collected data were then analyzed using paired t-test. Statistical differences were evaluated before and after the use of anterior bite plate appliance. Change in overbite, overjet, ANB angulation, anterior facial height, posterior facial height and Jarabak index were calculated with results indicative of significant changes (P < 0.017, P < 0.041, P < 0.001, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P < 0.012). However, no significant difference in the degree of SNA, SNB, Go.Gn.SN, Y-axis and incisor to the mandibular plane angle (IMPA) was noted following the application of the appliance (P > 0.914, P > 0.219, P > 0.753, P > 0.276, P > 0.062). Treatment with the anterior bite plate was shown to be effective in correction of the deep bite in cases with class II malocclusion with little need for complex fixed appliance therapy.

The aim of this study was to compare the intranasal premedication effect of newly introduced dexmedetomidine (DEX) versus midazolam on the behavior of uncooperative children in the dental clinic.
This crossover double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 20 uncooperative children aged 2-6 years who required at least two similar dental treatment visits. The subjects were randomly given 1 µg/kg of DEX and 0.5 mg/kg of midazolam via the intranasal route. For the sedation protocol in the two groups, 0.25 mg/kg of atropine in combination with 0.5 mg/kg of midazolam added to 1-2 mg/kg of ketamine were used 30 minutes after premedication and transferring the patient to the operating room. Dental treatments were carried out by a pediatric dentist blinded to the type of the administered premedication. The sedative efficacy (overall success rate) of the agents was assessed by two independent pediatric dentists based on the Houpt scale. Data analyses were carried out according to Wilcoxon signed-rank test and paired t-test.
There were no significant differences in the premedication efficacy of intranasal DEX and midazolam according to the Houpt scale (P>0.05).
Intranasal midazolam and DEX are satisfactory and effective premedication regimens for uncooperative children.

Midazolam is among routine agents used for inducing safe sedation. This study was designed to compare the sedative effect of oral administration of midazolam (Elixir vs Vial) in fearful children during dental treatment.
A randomized double blind clinical trial was conducted in a cross over style on 20 young fearful aged 3-6 years with Frankl behavioral scale of 1. Children were randomly divided into two groups. Group I received 0.5 mg/kg Midazolam Vial and 1 mg/kg Hydroxyzine oral at their first visit and 0.5 mg/kg Midazolam Elixir and 1 mg/kg Hydroxyzine oral in their second visit. In group II, the medication order was reversed. Houpt scale was used to measure the sedation level in both groups. Vital signs of heart rate and SpO2 were recorded during the procedure. Paired t-test, Wilcoxson and McNamara were employed to statistically analyze and compare the collected data between two groups.
Based on the collected data, Houpt scale was seemingly improved more after taking elixir compare to the vial, however the difference was not statistically significant (P= 0.393). There was no significant difference between the success rate of the two methods (P= 0.625). All physiologic parameters were within the normal range with no significant difference between two groups and sessions.
The level of success between the two groups for sedation was not statistically different and were almost the same. This may indicate a success full use of the vial for oral application in certain cases of compromised cooperation.

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a relatively common sex-linked dermatitis characterized by congenital dysplasia of one or more ectodermal structures and their accessory appendages. Common manifestations include fragile skin and nails, defective teeth and salivary glands, frontal bossing with prominent supra orbital ridges, nasal bridge depression and protuberant lips. Teeth are often few in number (hypodontia or oligodontia) and have a conical form that results in generalized spacing. In extreme cases, both deciduous and the permanent dentition may fail to form (anodontia) and consequently, hypoplasia of the jaws may happen. This article reports a case of ED with its management protocol.
A 4 year-old boy with hypohydrotic ED was referred to Dental School of shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Clinical examination revealed classical features of ED, with only a few teeth. He had fine scanty hair, dry skin and depressed nasal bridge. Removable denture was made with particular limitations for his lower jaw to restore esthetics and masticatory function. The existing upper teeth were initially reshaped using composite resin restoration material.
Preventive treatments in ED patients are very important to save the existing teeth. In patients with oligodontia, removable dentures can be used as a costbenefit and pleasant intermediate treatment to restore function and esthetics and improve patient‟s psychological status.

Mucoceles are described as asymptomatic benign soft tissue masses of the oral cavity. They are soft, smooth, spherical, translucent and fluctuant in the clinical appearance. The most common site of the mucocele is the interior surface of the lower lip followed by the tongue, floor of mouth (ranula), and the buccal mucosa.
Case Reports: This is a case of a 2-year-old girl referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences with a soft tissue swelling on the lower lip appeared at birth. Typical clinical signs and features along with pathology report lead to the diagnosis of a mucocele. Surgical excision was carried out as the treatment of choice with the histopathological sample being provided for the lab. A spilled mucin surrounded by fibrovascular connective tissue was the lab report. Soft tissue healing of the surgical site was observed with no scaring in a week follow up.
Clinical signs and histopathological report were indicative of a mucocele.

The aim of this study is to measure the effect of different condensation pressure on the microleakage of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA).
This study was an invitro study. A total of 55 single rooted straight-canal human extracted sound teeth free of cracks or calcification were selected. Teeth were sectioned from CEJ region at 3 mm above the root apex. Remaining specimens were mounted on a putty base material. Samples were then divided into 3 test groups of 15 each and 2 groups of 5 each as positive and negative controls. After filing and debridement of the canals to #50, white PROROOT MTA paste was prepared according to the manufacturer’s instruction were being inserted into the canals in each group under condensation pressure of 0.44, 3.22 and 8.88 Mpa respectively. Each root was then connected to the pipe of liquid filtration device following a 48 hour setting time passed in order to measure the microleakage. Mean micro-leakage measures of different groups were calculated and compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.
Mean microleakage for condensation pressure of 0.44, 3.22 and 8.88 MPa were 1.70×10-4, 1.17×10-4 and 0.48×10-4 µL/min. One-way ANOVA test showed that mean microleakage rate has a significantly different rate when groups are compared (p Conditions of the study showed that as condensation pressure increases the rate of microleakage lowers. Statistically, the differences between three groups were highly significant (p

Midazolam with variable dosages has been used to induce sedation in pediatric dentistry. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two dosages of oral midazolam for conscious sedation of children undergoing dental treatment.
In this randomized crossover double blind clinical trial, 20 healthy children (ASA I) aged three to six years with negative or definitely negative Frankl behavioral rating scale were evaluated. Half of the children received 0.5mg/kg oral midazolam plus 1mg/kg hydroxyzine (A) orally in the first session and 0.3mg/kg oral midazolam plus 1mg/kg hydroxyzine (B) in the next session. The other half received the drugs on a reverse order. Sedation degree by Houpt sedation rating scale, heart rate and level of SpO2 were assessed at the beginning and after 15 and 30 minutes. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19 and Wilcoxon Signed Rank and McNemar’s tests.
The results showed that although administration of 0.5mg/kg oral midazolam was slightly superior to 0.3mg/kg oral midazolam in terms of sedation efficacy, the differences were not significant (P>0.05). The difference in treatment success was not significant either (P>0.05). Heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2) and respiratory rate were within the normal range and did not show a significant change (P>0.05).
The overall success rate of the two drug combinations namely 0.5mg/kg oral midazolam plus hydroxyzine and 0.3mg/kg oral midazolam plus hydroxyzine was not significantly different for management of pediatric patients.

The purpose of this paper is a brief explanation of the biography and works of Fakhr Razi (544-606 AH) and an analysis of his book called "A Book on Love", out of a series called "Safinaye Tabriz"(Vessel of Tabriz), and its translation, which among 'love book's it presents something new with specific ideas. Imam Fakhr Razi deems it impossible for the interpretation and denotation of love which strolls in the mind of mankind and roams in the imagination, taking over the will and creating symptoms so that it shrinks the love force in the lover and request in the beloved. He believes that the beloved and the lover will drown in love, but if it is divine it will ascend to the world of ideas so that there would be no trace of lover and beloved. Love has to be directed toward God whereas any reliance on the creator and creature or whatever found materialistic has to be abandoned. Because love is a situation which happens for human beings and prevents the owner of love from distinguishing and identifying sufferings and comfort, dark and light, even sometimes it may cause him death.

Different adjunctive treatment options have been proposed for treating periodontal diseases other than standard scaling and root planning due to higher incidence of periodontal conditions. Phenytoin is a drug primarily used for the treatment of epilepsy. However, its positive effect on wound healing process has encouraged researchers to recommend it for patients with periodontitis. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Phenytoin 1% gel in the improvement of periodontal parameters in chronic periodontitis. In an experimental split–mouth study, 18 patients with moderate periodontitis having at least 2 contra lateral teeth, pocket depth of 4-5 mm and no history of systemic disease were selected. After standard scaling and root planning treatment, both right or left side of the oral cavity was randomly assigned for local delivery of phenytoin 1% gel and, the other side was selected as control. Pocket depth (PD) and connective tissue adhesion (CTA) indices were assessed at the baseline and also two, four and eight weeks after the first injection. The data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and Paired T-tests, considering the baseline measures as covariates. Using baseline PD and CTA values as covariates, significant reduction was observed in mean PD (P<0.05) and significant increase in mean CTA (P<0.001) during the study period. Also there were significant difference between the control experimental sites in terms of mean PD index and CTA (P< 0.001 for both). Using Phenytoin after standard scaling and root planning can relatively improve the status of Pocket depth and connective tissue adhesion.

Some studies have reported direct relationship between mouth breathing and increased susceptibility of patients to develop periodontal diseases. The present study was designed to evaluate the correlation between periodontal diseases and mouth breathing in Iranian population. This historical cohort study was conducted with 90 participants aged 20-35 years-old, who were referred to Isfahan Dental School and few other private dental clinics in the city of Isfahan in the year 2003. All participants had to be free of relevant systemic conditions. The cases were defined as patients with mouth breathing, having dome-shaped palate and open mouth (lips) when in rest position. Oral examination was conducted using 3 diagnostic criteria. Forty-five patients who were confirmed by all three criteria were included in the study as cases. The control group was composed of subjects who had normal breathing from their nose. The gingival index was determined for posterior and anterior regions of all participants. The statistical analysis was conducted and Mann–Whitney U tests was used in order to determine group differences. The gingival indices in the anterior region of cases were determined. The number of individual with scores 1, 2 and 3 were five (11.1%), 36 (80%) and four (8.9%) respectively. The scores in control group for five subjects (11.1%) was (0) or had no gingival condition, 32 (71.1%) subjects had score one and eight (17.8%) had score 2. The group differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). No significant difference was detected in posterior gingival indices (P>0.05). Mouth breathing can be a contributing factor in increasing the risk of periodontal diseases. Key words: Mouth breathing - Periodontal diseases - Gingival index. Corresponding Author: Dr. Abrishami MR., Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran

Basic science courses have long been the subject of debate for its usefulness among many clinicians. This investigation was conducted over the period of 2003 to 2005 in order to evaluate the views of graduating dental students on the quality, quantity and clinical applications of basic science courses on their daily clinical practice. A group of 175 final year dental students (both Male & Female) were asked to participate in this cross sectional investigation. A questionnaire was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative information about different basic science materials that were thought to them. Participants were dental students of Tehran, Shahed and Shaheed Beheshti Universities, the three major dental schools located in Tehran, the capital city. Mann-Whitney as well as Kruskal Wallis tests were used for data analysis. Based on the collected information, most of the students had a common belief that courses like "Human Anatomy", "General Pathology" and "Human Physiology" had the greatest influence in their daily practice while "Biochemistry", "Biophysics" and "Genetics had contributed the least. They also thought that the two courses of "Biochemistry" and "Microbiology" have been the focus of too much attention, while more emphasis needed for "Biostatistics", "Human Anatomy", "Genetics" and "Psychology" courses by the school curriculum committee and the teaching staff. Analysis of data revealed significant group differences between Shaheed Beheshti dental students and others in relation to importance of “Anatomy” “Psychology” and “Biochemistry” courses (P=0.005). The overall satisfaction was observed among all students of the three dental schools for "Microbiology", “Pathology”, "Public Health", “Physiology”, and "Biophysics" courses to some extent. There seem to be a slight difference in the amount of value and emphasis put forward by different schools on the basic science courses offered to dental students.

In this writing it is tried to speak alittle about Master’s science trips and his debate with Halab’s scientists, his martyrdom qualification,his suffering and painful life and his idea about clothing and food.And with a short glance it is tried to transfer and translate his persian poems,some important parts of his remaining Arabic poems, his calling and confidential prayer.His opinion about gnostic and sufi language is brought too.

Master of Shahabedin omar Sohrevardi (539- 632 A. h) The author of the famous book: Avarefolmaaref, has answeres to eighteen questions of khorasan’s men of knowledge. These questions are about intermission and interval, selfishness, privacy or service (of God), servies and seclusion, act of companions, Khika, wearing, studing, solitude in sufi centre, using of grace, rejection and acceptance, changing goodness to evil and vice versa, evecation, real master and attention to worldy affairs. It’s Arabic text is printed with effort of (may he be ever remembered) Doctor Ahmad Taheri Eraghi in» Articles and studying«magazine number 49-50 in 1369.